Before introducing H.264 encoding and decoding, let’s first understand the commonly used nouns in H.264, such as YUV, IBP, etc. This time, let’s talk about YUV
YUV is a general term for a series of color spaces that encode brightness information and color information separately. YUV is a color encoding method. Commonly used in various video processing components. YUV allows to reduce the bandwidth of chromaticity when encoding photos or videos, considering human perception. Y represents brightness, UV represents chromaticity (color and saturation)
Frame is the basic element of video stream, YUV is a format of video frames (similar to the RGB format/mode of pictures)
Commonly used YUV sampling format: 4:4:4; 4:2:2; 4:2:0
YUV444: Full sampling, the Y, U, and V channels of each pixel are retained.
YUV422: Two chromaticity samples are sampled horizontally in four pixels, and two samples are used vertically, that is, four chromaticity samples are used in eight pixels, which is one-half of the total sample.
YUV420: Two chromaticity samples are sampled horizontally in four pixels, and vertically not sampled, that is, two chromaticity samples are used in eight pixels, which is one-quarter of the total sampling.
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