Reading
A few days ago, the investigation of "zombie" charging piles in Huainan, Anhui Province rushed into hot searches, and the question of the construction of charging piles was discussed again. The full text of
has a total of 4964 words and the expected reading time is 7 minutes. It is undoubtedly ushered in a "highlight" moment. Charging piles have sprung up in major cities, and there are more and more electric energy vehicles on the streets. The market driven by the charging pile industry seems to be just around the corner.
However, a few days ago, a reporter from Xinhua Viewpoint found in Huainan City, Anhui Province that many charging stations cannot be charged, some have no power access, and some do not even have charging modules installed. A large number of charging stations have become "zombies." ". But this is not an isolated case, and there seem to be such problems in many places. Some places have invested heavily in the construction of charging stations, but they have gradually become decorations. This trend is not suitable for the healthy development of new energy vehicles, charging piles and other related industries.
In October this year, the State Council issued the "New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" to guide the orderly development of the new energy automobile industry and to make up for the current major gaps in charging piles. As early as July this year, in accordance with the requirements of the "Notice on Carrying out New Energy Vehicles Going to the Countryside" jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Ministry of Commerce, the new energy car going to the countryside organized by the China Automobile Association is being Promoting the recovery of the automobile market, the market for new energy vehicles has been soaring, but the dilemma of charging piles has not been solved. On the one hand,
is supported by policies, and on the other is the lack of charging piles. However, there are still "zombie" charging piles in the scarce market. How to solve these problems? Where is the future of the charging pile industry? Is charging pile really a difficult business? Current status of
charging piles
"necessities" for new energy vehicles
There are many different brands and different types of charging pile products on the market. According to the different charging methods, they can be divided into slow charging AC charging piles and fast charging DC charging There are two categories of piles .
AC charging pile: is also called AC electric vehicle charging pile, commonly known as "slow charging". It is divided into wall-mounted and floor-standing types. It has the advantages of small footprint and convenient installation, and is suitable for household use. It is a power supply device that is fixedly installed outside the electric vehicle and connected to the AC power grid to provide an AC power supply for the on-board charger of the electric vehicle (that is, the charger that is fixedly installed on the electric vehicle). The AC charging pile only provides power output and has no charging function. It is necessary to connect an on-board charger to charge the electric vehicle.
DC charging pile: is also called DC electric vehicle charging station, commonly known as "fast charging". It is a power supply device that is fixedly installed outside the electric vehicle and connected to the AC power grid to provide DC power for the non-vehicle electric vehicle power battery. The input voltage of the DC charging pile adopts three-phase four-wire AC380V±15%, the frequency is 50Hz, and the output is adjustable direct current, which directly charges the power battery of electric vehicles. The output voltage and current have a large adjustment range, which can meet the requirements of fast charging. The difference between
slow-charging AC charging pile and fast-charging DC charging pile: AC charging pile requires on-board charger to charge, while DC fast charging pile does not need this equipment. There is a big difference in the charging speed between the two. It takes 8 hours for a pure electric vehicle (normal battery capacity) to be fully discharged through the AC charging pile, while it only takes 2 to 3 hours for the DC fast charging pile. Although
has the support of various policies, charging piles still face many problems. For example, :
charging piles are "difficult to land" : Many car owners have encountered the dilemma of charging piles "difficult to land" after purchasing new energy vehicles. The approval process for private charging piles is complicated, and the owners are worried about the problems of fires and leakage in rainy days. On the other hand, public charging piles still have problems such as high damage rate, long charging time, and low utilization rate. The management of public charging piles increases the cost of community management.
It’s difficult to go out and charge: currently accounts for only 42% of public piles, and the proportion of more efficient DC charging piles is not high, resulting in long charging queues and long waiting times for chargingThe problem.
The charging pile industry is difficult to make money. The charging pile industry itself has a relatively short industry chain. The overall industry chain can be divided into three links: equipment manufacturers, construction operators and overall solution providers .
equipment manufacturers: lack of core technology in hardware and low profits
equipment manufacturers are located in the upstream of the industry chain as hardware suppliers, and are responsible for the production of various components of charging equipment and power distribution equipment. From the perspective of the cost composition of DC piles, the charger part occupies the bulk of the cost. Among them, the core IGBT component of the charger mainly relies on imports. Localized replacement is slowly progressing, which causes the high cost of DC charging piles. . Except for IGBT components, the barriers to entry for other hardware production are not high, and there are no significant technical differences in the products. The listed companies involved in the manufacturing of charging piles in the industry have many years of DC charging related technologies.
Construction operator: single profit model, low utilization rate
, as the core midstream of the industry chain, is responsible for the investment, construction and operation of charging piles, which is a typical asset-heavy industry. From the purchase of charging piles, site rent, power transmission expansion, operation management to subsequent parts procurement and maintenance, all these require operators to have a large amount of capital support, and operators want to profit from it mainly depends on charging service fees, And the utilization rate of charging piles.
Charging services are still restricted by local policies. At this stage, the national average charging service fee is between 0.5 yuan and 0.6 yuan per kilowatt-hour, and there is not much room for improvement; the utilization rate of charging piles is very important for operators. However, according to current data, the average power utilization rate of my country's public charging pile industry is only about 4%. Among them, Beijing and Shanghai have the most charging piles, and the utilization rate is only 1.8% and 1.5%.
For example, the company’s leading operator Terad has invested nearly 6 billion in the six-year accumulative investment of Telaidian, and invested more than 1 billion in research and development. The chairman of the company, Yu Dexiang, only announced that Telaidian was profitable in 2019.
overall solution provider: highly dependent on policies and funds
needs to rely on policies and funds to make ends meet, and profitability is restricted by multiple constraints, and most of the overall solution providers do not seem to have a good life. The development trend of the charging pile industry market
At present, the development of the charging pile industry is difficult, but the charging pile plays a very important role in the future development of new energy vehicles, batteries and other related industries.
According to the "new infrastructure" plan, in 2020, it will plan to add more than 12,000 centralized charging stations and 4.8 million distributed charging stations. By 2025, more than 36,000 charging stations will be built. Will reach 1:1. Some industry experts believe that the charging pile market will usher in eight major development trends in the future:
charging will be close to the refueling experience;
charging facilities can have better availability;
use more energy-saving and greener;
related core components are standardized;
can be seen everywhere and is environmentally friendly;
facilities are intelligent;
has stricter security, credibility and privacy protection;
charging infrastructure is a node of multi-network integration, and the entrance to the energy Internet
has many problems to be solved. The charging pile industry The exploration did not stop. At present, in order to shorten the charging time, the industry has begun to study the layout of high-power DC charging technology to upgrade the charging voltage of passenger cars from 500V to 800V, and the single-gun charging power from 60kW to 350kW and above. This also means that the time to fully charge a pure electric passenger car can be shortened from about 1 hour to 10-15 minutes, which is closer to the refueling experience of a fuel car.
From a technical perspective, a 120kW high-power DC charging pile requires 8 parallel charging modules if a 15kW charging module is used, but only 4 parallel charging modules are required if a 30kW charging module is used. The fewer the number of modules connected in parallel, the more stable and reliable the current sharing and control between the modules, and the higher the integration of the charging pile system, the more cost advantages it has. At present, many companies are conducting research and development in this area. The future development method of
charging pile industry will be based on gathering pile resources, fully promote the construction of open smart car networking platform, promote energy, transportation, automobile, information and other cross-industry cooperation and sharing, and provide electric vehicle users, governments, and charging operations Business, travel serviceService providers, automobile manufacturers, battery manufacturers, etc. provide comprehensive platform services. With the rapid popularization of new energy vehicles, with the help of the “new infrastructure”, charging piles are gradually developing in the direction of high-power DC fast charging, unified core component standards and multi-network integration, and the pace of construction is rapidly increasing. In this context, charging equipment accessories such as charging guns and charging modules are bound to usher in technological upgrades, and there is still huge room for growth in the charging pile industry in the future.
Ali and Huawei enter the game, will charging piles be a good "business"?
With the call of the "new infrastructure" policy, all industries are accelerating their entry into the charging pile industry this year.
On March 6, the power battery leader Ningde Times and Fujian Baicheng New Energy jointly established a new business company- Shanghai Kuaibu New Energy , which is mainly engaged in fast charging services for charging piles;
, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ant Financial Services, on March 31 Shanghai Yunxin Venture Capital Co., Ltd. invested in Simple Charge (Hangzhou) Technology Co., Ltd., and became the second largest shareholder of Simple Charge with a 33.33% shareholding ratio;
In April, Huawei launched HUAWEI HiCharger DC fast charger for the new energy field The module solves the pain points of high operating cost and short equipment life cycle in the charging industry. In May, Huawei signed a cooperation agreement with Telecom to promote the construction of pile networking and the development of smart charging business, and to build charging piles as data interfaces.
On July 10, Energy Chain Group, the parent company of fast-moving platform , received 900 million yuan in financing, with CICC Capital as the leader, Xiaomi Group and Weilai Capital appearing as somersaults.
Prior to this, Didi and AutoNavi were also rapidly entering this market from the perspective of charging pile aggregation; Tesla and Weilai, as vehicle manufacturers of new energy vehicles, charging services are part of the sales, and they are already in progress. Related layout.
Therefore, judging from the current giants entering the market, it can be roughly divided into new energy system and internet system . Although the industries are different, the purpose of earning profits is the same. Everyone is staring at this "big cake" that is gradually fermenting. A lot of money will be invested in the early stage, but for the giants, a little bit of money will be lost. It will not pose much difficulty. With a lot of funds in hand, short-term unprofitability will not affect their continuous long-term investment, because for them, it is more important to supplement their own business sector.
The future development of charging piles may be much more stable than shared bicycles, but it will surely settle after the giants fight hard. Will the intensity of the competition be like the bright field contest between "Quick" and "Didi" That is the case (in fact, the two giants behind Ali and Tencent competed, and finally the two struggles ushered in the merger of "Quick" and "Didi"...), in the charging pile market Whether such a commercial plot will be staged again is not yet known.
However, with the accelerated entry of capital, the competition in the charging pile industry has entered a critical second half , and the trump card in the second half has also changed from "funds" to "operations", whether it is car-pile synergy or combination to open up the industry chain Scenario big data for diversified business model development can be a breaking point in this industry reshuffle. For companies in the industry, the current stage of shuffling and competition may be their best chance to become famous.
charging pile-related industry chain length
charging pile itself has a short industrial chain, but it does not affect the development of a series of industries brought by the charging pile. As far as the current industry market is concerned, new energy vehicles and battery industries are the two industries that everyone cares about most.
New energy vehicles
The development of new energy vehicles is as expected as a rising star, and the well-known Tesla has always been a leader in this industry. Although the founder Musk was infected with the new crown virus, this did not have a negative impact on Tesla's performance in the capital market. Instead, its company's stock soared by 10.2%, and the current market value of Tesla has reached 461.3 billion US dollars, continuing to rank first among global auto companies.
With Toyota, Honda, Ford, Volkswagen and other traditional car giants accelerating their entry into the new energy vehicle market, foreign car companies are so fast, the development of domestic new energy vehicles should not be underestimated.
The announcement of my country's "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" has brought a great boost to the new energy vehicle sector, and the trend of policies also allows us to see the medium and long-term future of new energy vehicles. Development prospects, Weilai, Xiaopeng Motors, Ideal,Domestic new energy vehicle models such as New Baojun and Beijing Automobile are also continuously upgraded.
On November 13, Weilai exceeded the combined turnover of Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft with a turnover of 27.404 billion US dollars. It became the champion of the US stock market and set a new record for a single-day turnover of Chinese listed companies. At the same time, the news that "Nio's market value has exceeded 60 billion U.S. dollars and surpasses BMW" is also exciting.
Xiaopeng Automobile announced at the Guangzhou Auto Show on November 20 that they will upgrade their autopilot software and hardware systems from the mass-produced models produced in 2021, and use lidar technology to improve performance. This makes the company the world's first A car manufacturer that integrates lidar technology into production cars. The development of
new energy vehicles has also seen the beginning of the Internet giant’s entry. Alibaba helped Xiaopeng, Tencent’s shareholding in Weilai, and Meituan helped ideals. The "troika" of intelligent new energy vehicles was helped by the Internet giants. After the cold winter, we are welcoming the warmth of spring, 's domestic new energy vehicle market will eventually ignite a bigger spark.
battery industry
as an industry derived from charging piles, batteries are also the focus of many companies' attention. As the exporter of domestic new energy technology, both Ningde Times and BYD have released their own battery integration technology.
Ningde Times CTP (CellToPack) technical route is based on high nickel ternary lithium architecture, its core is to reduce the number of modules, directly composed of multiple large-capacity battery cells to form a standardized battery pack, and then flexibly stack to form a larger battery module, adapt Energy storage needs of different car models.
From January to October 2020, CATL has 19.8GWH of installed capacity, accounting for 49.4%, ranking first among domestic power battery companies in installed capacity. The total installed capacity of TOP10 companies accounted for 92.4% of the overall installed capacity. The market concentration has further increased, and the market share of head power battery companies has further increased, which is comparable to the dominant battery market. Compared with the 40% volume efficiency of the traditional battery system, the volume integration efficiency of the blade battery of BYD 's blade battery is increased by 50%, making the pure electric vehicle equipped with the lithium iron phosphate system have a cruising range of more than 600km. Simply put, the blade battery is to change the ternary lithium to lithium iron phosphate, which increases safety and solves the original lack of battery life by increasing the energy density. This is an innovation for BYD, as well as an innovation in the battery industry. There are many
abroad, LG Chem Battery, Panasonic, etc. are well-known battery manufacturers, such as South Korea LG Chem can be said to be the world's largest electric vehicle battery manufacturer, and is currently the most common battery for electric vehicles sold internationally. The company's customers include 13 world-renowned car companies such as Volvo, Volkswagen, and General Motors. At the beginning of this year, they also reached a supply cooperation with Tesla. It is expected that domestic Tesla will also be equipped with batteries produced by LG Chem.
On the other hand, battery spontaneous combustion incidents continue to occur frequently, and the potential safety hazards of batteries are still the most worrying. On November 18th, just after General Motors recalled nearly 70,000 Bolt electric vehicles, Hyundai was also sued in South Korea for a series of battery fire incidents in Kona electric vehicles, and the batteries of these two electric vehicles are limited by LG Chem. Company production. However, as the technology of various companies matures, the development of the battery field will still tend to mature.
While we are worried about all aspects, all industries are working hard to improve every loophole and shortcoming! What do you think about the development of charging piles? What other development trends will this trillion-dollar market have? It is looking forward to.
▐ New infrastructure
▐5G
▐ Intelligence Bureau
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-