In the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, as many as 190,000 American trucks were used in Soviet equipment, all of which were obtained through the "Lend-Lease".
The Soviet Union's most-acquired model is the Studebaker US6 2.5-ton truck. These trucks are widely used in transportation and other purposes and have become the chassis of the legendary "Katyusha" rocket launcher. However, there are a large number of other brands of American trucks that arrived in the Soviet Union through the Lease Act, but they were ignored by later generations. This article will take an inventory of these trucks. The author of this article Evgeny Kochnev (Evgeny Kochnev), I translated it for everyone to share.
Due to the influence of "isolationism", the United States quietly prepared for the Second World War in a calm atmosphere. At the end of 1941, the United States had firmly occupied the world's leading position in the production of military off-road vehicles, and the design of these vehicles had reached The perfect state at the time. Among the models introduced in this article, three series of all-wheel-drive military trucks are specially selected. These trucks have been transported to the countries where they are most needed through the "Lease Act". One of the main destinations is the Soviet Union. The
title picture shows the Chevrolet G7107 1.5-ton truck, the most common type used by the Allied forces during the Second World War. In order to improve the trafficability on harsh roads, full double wheels were used.
In 1943, the BM-13N Katyusha rocket launched by the Soviet Red Army used the Chevrolet G7107 truck chassis.
With the outbreak of the Second World War, a large number of new military trucks appeared in the United States. These new trucks have a typical military cab, simplified painting, special body structure and various improvements. Among them, only two-axle 1.5-ton Chevrolet trucks arrived in the Soviet Union in large numbers. As for other more famous three-axle 2.5-ton General Motors (GMC) and International Harvester (International Harvester), they were mainly supplied to developed countries. This is because the US military believes that these vehicles are too expensive for the Soviet Union, which has a large number of Stipunk trucks, and their role is not obvious.
Chevrolet G4100 / G7100 truck
In 1938, Chevrolet 4930 military truck, developed from the GMC CCKW prototype
At that time, Chevrolet was already part of General Motors, and the first two-axle 72-horsepower Chevrolet 4930 truck was manufactured in 1938 . The car is equipped with dual rear wheels. On the eve of the war, it was first improved into a G4100 prototype, and then developed into a G7100 series truck.
Chevrolet G4112 military truck, with the trademark
printed on the side of the engine compartment. In 1940, Chevrolet launched the paramilitary G4100 series, which has an open or closed cab and a civilian wooden cargo compartment railing. The basic model G4112 does not have a winch, and then several models with a winch, open-top cargo compartment and long wheelbase have been introduced.
In 1942, the Chevrolet G7107 equipped by the US Navy was a basic 1.5-ton military truck without a winch. After the end of 1942, Chevrolet produced the G7100 military truck series developed by GMC. The car is a two-axle all-wheel drive, an all-metal cab, and a double-deck. engine cover. G7103 is a simplified model without a winch, which is the basis of many modified vehicles. The mass-produced models are all G7107 multi-purpose trucks, equipped with an all-metal body, detachable cargo compartment rails, two or three longitudinal folding benches on each side of the cargo compartment, which can carry 12-18 soldiers. There is a tow hook at the rear of the vehicle for towing light guns.
In 1942, the Chevrolet G7117 was the second 1.5-ton truck with a 5-ton winch on the inside of the bumper extending forward. These trucks are equipped with a Chevrolet BV1001 overhead valve six-cylinder engine (3.9 liters, 83 horsepower), a four-speed transmission and a two-stage transfer case with a front axle engagement mechanism. The hydraulic brake system is equipped with a vacuum booster, and the axle suspension is equipped with a semi-elliptical spring. The basic type has a ground clearance of 254mm and a speed of 80 km/h.
is based on the G7103 chassis, ChevroletLaunched the G7106 multi-purpose truck, without a winch, using G7116 to dump the cargo compartment backwards. The plan also includes a G7133 chassis equipped with power take-offs to drive drilling rigs and other mechanical equipment. G7163 and G7173 are equipped with enclosed cargo compartments for special purposes such as laying telephone lines and repairing equipment.
Existing Chevrolet G7100 truck
Well-preserved US Army Chevrolet G7117 truck, with winch
Rare Chevrolet G7116 truck, equipped with hydraulic cylinders, can tilt the cargo compartment on its own
Chevrolet with special drilling rigs inside the truck, towing G7133 The pipelined single-axle trailer
Chevrolet G7123 transporter, equipped with a civilian cab and cargo compartment
G7128 adopts an open short-wheelbase chassis, is a special model of the Air Force ground support, is equipped with transport equipment with a boom, which can be used for bombers and fighters. Carrying aerial bombs. This truck can also be used to tow ammunition trailers and can transport four workers. During the
war, Chevrolet built 600 G7123 flatbed trucks to transport goods and large radio stations. This civilian truck is characterized by a short engine cover and a spacious cargo compartment with high rails. After 1943, in order to transport large quantities of goods, the 89-horsepower G7113 tractor truck was produced.
Chevrolet G7100 truck equipped by the Soviet army
During World War II, Chevrolet's main achievement was recognized as the production of more than 150,000 light trucks. According to data from the Soviet Union, a total of 47,700 Chevrolet trucks were received, but the United States stated that it shipped 60,000 to 63,000 trucks. The difference between the two is the loss in transportation.
In 1945, Soviet military officers took a Chevrolet G7107 truck through the ruins of Berlin. The "Tyusha" rocket launcher system can launch 48 82mm rockets
at a time. The Soviet army is equipped with Chevrolet G7107 and G7117 large trucks. According to the Soviet standard, they can transport 93 people. These rented trucks not only have standard cargo compartments, but are also equipped with maintenance, forging, welding and other maintenance and emergency repair equipment. After 1942, within a short period of time, the Soviet Union installed the BM-13 and BM-8-48 rocket systems on Chevrolet trucks. Z1z
Legendary Truck GMC CCKW-352 / 353
After mid 1939, the U.S. Army Quartermaster Brigade commissioned General Motors, the largest automobile company at the time, to develop a more advanced 2.5-ton military truck with all-wheel drive and dual rear wheels. This demand later became General Motors. A fixed project for a long time.
In 1939, the GMC ACKWX-353 2.5-ton experimental prototype
with a civil engine compartment was the first achievement to be equipped with a 91-horsepower six-cylinder engine with overhead valves, four-speed or five-speed gearbox, vacuum hydraulic brake booster, conventional ACKWX-353 experimental prototype of civil cab and engine cover.
In 1942, the first version of General Motors’ 2.5-ton truck was CCKW-352 short-wheelbase type
In February 1941, GMC began mass production of the most famous and most famous military truck CСKW-352 in its yellow truck and coach factory. And CCKW-353, they won the crown of the heaviest truck in World War II. The only difference between the two is the wheelbase-3.7 meters and 4.2 meters.
During the Second World War, the main achievement of GMC was the CCKW-353 long-wheelbase truck
. In 1943, the General Motors CCKW-352 tropical model, the side of the cab is not the door instead of the door
basic model equipped with a double all-metal cab , Semi-circular stamped front wheel fender, with a water frontBox grille, headlights also have protective grille, cargo compartment has steel-wood structure railing, and tarpaulin can be placed on the top. Many trucks have an observation hatch or bracket for mounting large-caliber machine guns on the top of the cockpit. The tropical type uses an open cab with semi-circular grooves on both sides instead of the doors equipped with plexiglass.
CCKW-352 tropical type, with winch, open cab, the co-pilot has a ring mount with M2 machine gun on the top
All models are equipped with aluminum pistons and a GM 270 gasoline engine with a fairly high compression ratio (6.75), cylinder volume 4.4 liters, power 91 horsepower. On later models, the power increased to 94 horsepower. It uses a five-speed gearbox, a two-speed transfer case and a new axle with a longitudinal crankcase connector.
Subsequently, General Motors improved the CCKW every year, and by 1945, it had produced the sixth generation of products. All models have a ground clearance of 250mm, a maximum speed of 80 kilometers per hour, and an average fuel consumption of 100 kilometers and 38 liters.
Existing GMC CCKW-353 truck
The most common CCKW-353 long-wheelbase truck with winch and spare fuel tank
GMC CCKW-353 tropical type, soft-top cab, with winch
Rare GMC trainer truck, all metal double row Cab, with winch
GM has developed a record number of various variants on the CCKW chassis, including special models with various loads. In order to train new drivers, a special coach with a double-row five-seater cab is equipped.
GMC CCKW-353 fuel tank truck, capable of transporting 2000 liters of fuel
Army dump truck modified with GMC CCKW-352 chassis
According to special needs, the CCKW-352/353 chassis is modified to a tanker or dump truck Trucks, as well as maintenance and rescue vehicles with overhead cranes, are equipped with mobile workstations equipped with air compressors to power the pneumatic tools of the engineers.
Existing GMC CCKW-352/353 special vehicle
adopts CCKW-352 chassis, simple maintenance and rescue vehicle equipped with boom and electric crane
CCKW-353 army dump truck modified with long wheelbase chassis, the rear compartment dumps backwards
CCKW-353 is a modified mobile air compressor that can provide 3.2 cubic meters of compressed air in one minute.
GMC CCKW-353 truck, steel cargo compartment, equipped with a M16 quadruple 12.7mm anti-aircraft machine gun
1942, CCKW-353 The truck is equipped with the Swedish 40mm Bofors anti-aircraft gun
GMC CCKW-352/353. The truck is equipped with a reinforced chassis and is equipped with a heavy machine gun or anti-aircraft gun. It is used as a simple self-propelled anti-aircraft gun. The most famous is the Swedish 40mm Bofors anti-aircraft gun.
AFKWX-353 semi-convertible transport vehicle, with a large-caliber machine gun on the top of the open cab.
After 1942, General Motors modified two simple transport vehicles with short engine compartments AFKWX-352/353 on the basis of CCKW-352/353. , They are also part of the Soviet Union through the "Lease Act." Equipped with a 94-horsepower GM 270 engine, the cab has no side doors, and the cargo box has a sunshade. In addition to GM Pontiac, there are three other companies producing CCKW series trucks. As of August 1, 1945, General Motors had produced a total of 562,700 CCKW series trucks. According to the "Lease Act", these trucks were mainly provided to developed countries, where there are high-quality fuel and lubricants, as well as relatively high maintenance and Repair technology and highway network are also relatively developed. During World War II, GM plants produced 600,000 wheeled military vehicles.
1945 military parade, Soviet BM-The 13N "Katyusha" rocket launcher used the GMC CCKW-353 chassis
. "Due to poor road conditions, lack of high-quality fuel and lubricants", only 8,650 CCKW trucks were shipped to the Soviet Union, and there were 82 other vehicles with the same A series of dump trucks, these trucks are called "Jimi" in the Soviet Army. Some of the CCKW trucks obtained by the Soviet Union are equipped with various special working equipment, some of which are equipped with the BM-13 rocket launcher system.
Rare International Tractor Company truck
M-5-6 short wheelbase truck, equipped with a protruding cooling grille and an all-metal cab
In May 1941, International Harvester (International Harvester), which mainly provides transportation vehicles for the US Navy, started It produces M-5-6 2.5-ton trucks, which have the same design as GMC CCKW and Stipunk US6. In contrast, IWC prefers to produce customized versions of M-5-6 trucks: all-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive, two wheelbases (3.8 meters and 4.3 meters), open cab with a canopy or closed all-wheel drive Metal cab, steel-wood or all-wood structure cargo compartment, inside there is a bench that can accommodate 12 people.
M-5-6 truck with flat radiator grille, open cab, wooden cargo compartment
These trucks are equipped with IWC Tractor’s own "Red Diamond" engine (5.9 liters cylinder volume, 126 horsepower) ), five-speed gearbox, rear axle with independent universal transmission, 5 ton front winch. There are also M-5N-6 dump trucks and tractors, equipped with 85-horsepower or 111-horsepower engines, equipped with various cargo compartments and oil tanks, as transport vehicles, and some have been converted into fire trucks.
M-5H-6 dump trucks manufactured by IWC in the later period. Steel short cargo compartment. During the war, IWC produced 37,000 military vehicles. The Soviet Army only received 3100 military trucks and 1,253 dump trucks. . In the Soviet Union, these vehicles were transformed into maintenance vehicles, tankers and BM-13 rocket launchers. Soviet soldiers called it "Internationale".
