Guanghua Temple is the first jungle in Putian. It was formerly Jinxian Temple. In the second year of the Yongding period of the Southern Dynasty, Zen Master Jinxian, the founding ancestor of Guanghua Temple in Lingyan, Putian, came to Putian to practice Buddhism and Taoism, promo

Cultural Temple Song Pagoda

Guanghua Temple is known as the four major jungles of Fujian, Yongquan Temple in Fuzhou, Nanputuo in Xiamen , and Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou . Guanghua Temple is the first jungle of Putian. It was formerly Jinxian Temple. In the second year of Yongding in the Southern Dynasty (558), the founding ancestor of Guanghua Temple in Lingyan, Putian, came to Putian to practice Buddhism and Taoism, promote the teachings, and was appointed as the presidency of Jinxian Temple. Later, Jinxian Temple was changed to Jinxian Temple into Jinxian Courtyard. In the ninth year of Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty (589), Zen Master Wuji from Tiantaishan raised funds and built it, and it was renamed Jinxian Temple. Zen Master Zhiyan, a monk from the Shi Temple, was summoned to the palace to explain " Four-part Laws ", and the plaque of Tang Ruizong's Tang Ruizong's was renamed "Lingyan Temple", and the famous calligrapher Liu Gongquan .

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Song Dynasty in the first year of Taiping Xingguo (976), Song Guangzong gave the title of "Guanghua Temple", also known as "Lingyan Guanghua Temple". In the Song Dynasty, it was the prosperous period of Guanghua Temple, with 10 courtyards and 120 temples under its jurisdiction. In the temple, "eaves and pillars are rubbed against each other, and there are more than a thousand monks. Lingyan Guanghua Temple is located at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Chengxiang District. Fenghuang Mountain is also called Nanshan, so Lingyan Guanghua Temple is also called "Nanshan Guanghua Temple".

Guanghua Temple in the Song Dynasty was the largest. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were often more than 6,000 candidates participating in the examination for each subject, and the military academics could not accommodate them. In a row, 12 consecutive subjects were borrowed from Guanghua Temple as the examination room until the new tribute courtyard was completed. During the Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, Huang Zhongzhao, Zhou Ying and others compiled the "Xinghua Prefecture Chronicle" in the monk's house in the temple. There is also a saying among the people of Putian that "before Xinghua is released, there will be Guanghua first." There is a stone sutra pagoda built in the second year of Zhiping of the Song Dynasty (1065), engraved with the "Buddha Pin Guan Sheng Dharani Sutra". There is also the Sakya Buddhist Pagoda built before the first year of Qiandao of Song (1165), with a stone structure, imitation of wooden pavilion, five-level, octagonal, and 30 meters high. Its construction art is the best among the ancient towers of Bamin. In 1961, Fujian Provincial People's Committee announced that it was the first batch of key protected cultural relics at the provincial level.

Super-level temple organization system and its name

Super-level temples in the Song Dynasty are called temple masters, courtyard masters, temple masters, etc. The rise and fall of the temple is closely related to the quality of the abbot. In the Song Dynasty, temples had to pay taxes, and the economic burden of temples and monks became heavier. Lin Xiyi said, "If monks are poor and heavy, their temples will be almost abandoned." Therefore, in order to maintain the normal operation of the temple, we have to engage in some other economic activities to solve the funding problems of the temple. During the Tang and Song dynasties, feudal families also found that they built tombs and temples to support monks, and asked them to take care of the tombs on their behalf, recite scriptures and burn them to practice, and recommend blessings to their ancestors.

Like the aristocratic families in Putian during the Tang and Song dynasties, most of them depend on certain temples. This is because the people were not allowed to worship their ancestors of more than four generations during the Tang and Song dynasties. In order to pay tribute to the ancestors, aristocratic families often do not set up Tan Yue Temple in the temple, or create temples and temples near the ancestral tombs. Among the Guanghua Temple in Nanshan and its affiliated courtyards and temples, there are many merits or merit temples of aristocratic families, such as the Nanhu Zheng Clan Ancestral Hall on the right side of the Dharma Hall of Guanghua Temple, the Fang Clan Ancestral Hall in Jianfu Court, the Huangtao Clan Ancestral Hall in Zhongzang Temple and Pumen Temple, the Linzang Temple in Baogong Temple, and the Gong Clan Merit Hall in Chongxian Wenshu Temple. There is a certain basis for naming the temple of Guanghua. First, it is named using Chinese myths and legends; second, it is named according to the family and country feelings (filial piety, loyalty to the emperor, and protection of the country) of Confucian ; third, it is named according to the intercultural eastward transmission of Chinese Buddhism and the national language expression of Chinese Buddhist temples with the integration of cultural symbols in India and China. In addition, the influence of the symbol of Indian Buddhist culture on the naming of Buddhist temples is also reflected in the use of Buddhist doctrines, images of Buddhist enlightened people, and images of saints and saints in the names of Buddhist temples. Of course, the names of temples are also named according to the language characteristics of semantics, pronunciation, word count and shape. They are named double syllable Buddhist temples, which combine few words, easy to talk, can spread auspicious concepts and general Buddhist ideas. Based on the above naming rules, there are many repetitions in the naming of temples and temples across the country.

Guanghua Temple Ten Courtyards

At the 4th time of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were more than 620 temples and temples in a county in Putian.According to the "Puyang Zhi" compiled by the Southern Song Dynasty (1190-1194) records that when Lingyan Guanghua Temple was at its peak, "there were ten different courtyards, and twenty hundred and twenty hundred and nine hundred and nine hundred and ninety ones were temples." Huang Zhongzhao's poem in the Ming Dynasty included the sentence "One hundred and twenty temples in Lingyan, how many towers are locked in the evening." Ke Qin, a man at that time, also wrote a poem: "I found the beauty of the countryside and went out of the south of the county on a beautiful day, and stayed at the foot of Phoenix Mountain. The mist and clouds appeared in the east and west towers, and the pines and cypresses were high and low in the sky." The courtyard here is part of the temple, referring to temples that worship gods and Buddhas, but the size of the courtyard is generally slightly smaller than that of the temple; temples, namely temples and small temples, are mostly monks as abbots, and also referring to the temples where nuns live. Of course, there are different opinions on the 10th courtyard and 120th temple affiliated to Guanghua Temple in the Song Dynasty. It is not an exact number. Some temple names, courtyard names and temple names are confusing, and some are courtyards built after the Song Dynasty, which also brings certain difficulties to statistics.

, so Fahai Temple (court), was not affiliated with Guanghua Temple in the past, and some people believe that it also belonged to Guanghua Temple later. In the Song Dynasty, most of the 10th courtyards and 120th temples in Guanghua Temple in Guanghua Temple were destroyed due to the difficulties in economic operation of the temples. This is a pity.

In the Song Dynasty, the ten courtyards affiliated to Guanghua Temple were: East Pagoda Courtyard, West Pagoda Courtyard, Yuefeng Courtyard, Fajie Courtyard, Full Moon Courtyard (Li Fuzeng donated money to rebuilt in the Song Dynasty), Chongxian Wenshu Temple (formerly known as "Da Manjushri", the fourth year of Chunxi in Song Dynasty, Gong Maoliang , and the current quota was given), Western Courtyard, Huiyan Courtyard (also known as Huiyan Temple), Jianfu Courtyard (formerly known as Fang Clan Ancestral Hall of Putian Putian in the Song Dynasty), Xitai Courtyard (here his master debated Dharma here), Yuntang Courtyard, Anyang Courtyard (also known as Anyang Temple, and Zen Master Lingguan of Guanghua Temple in the Song Dynasty (1003-1093) lived here in his later years). The other ten lectures of the Fa Court are the East Tower Court, the West Tower Court, the Yuefeng Court, the Full Moon Court, the Chongxian Court, the Wenshu Court, the Western Court, the Jianfu Court, the Xitai Court, and the Lingyun Court (also known as the Fahai Court ). Those who hold this statement believe that Huiyanyuan, Yuntangyuan and Anyangyuan are Huiyanyuan, Yuntanganan and Anyangan, and also divide Chongxian Wenshu Temple into two courtyards. This statement is unreliable.

Yuefeng Courtyard is at the top of the northeast corner of Guanghua Temple. Tang Jian, long-term abandonment. At the beginning of Chenghua, monk Wenda and Shangshu Kang Dahe rebuilt the palaces. When the capital was moved, the mountain gate was rebuilt. Looking south is lush and fun. Yuefengyuan is famous all over the world for the tragic incident of "Song Palace Man's Eclipse". According to the "Records of the Retreat of the Dynasties in the Spring and Ming Dynasty", the tomb of the palace concubine is called the palace man. "Putian County Chronicles" records: When the Song Dynasty was about to die, the king and his ministers entered Fujian and prepared to take refuge. When they passed through Putian, a concubine died of illness and buried here. According to legend, after the rain in the Qing Dynasty, the tomb collapsed, and a woodcutter found a toad, hairpin, and mirror from his cave. Things are known to the witch. So he borrowed the soul of the palace man and said that he was the official concubine of the Song emperor and the woodcutter were shocked when he heard about it and returned the original object to the cave. "Song Guanren's Eccentricity" added a bit of pain to Yuefengyuan for the destruction of the country.

Some tragedy of chaos. There is a poem that says: "If you are not careful in the sea of ​​mind and guarding your hatred, your heart will always support your cuckoo soul." It is for you to pay tribute to you. Many celebrities of all dynasties have hanged their souls with poems for the tragedy of the south. The East Pagoda Courtyard is located on the left (southeast corner) inside the mountain gate of Guanghua Temple. It was built in the Song Dynasty and has five floors of Shifutu. The West Pagoda Courtyard is located on the right (southwest corner) inside the mountain gate of Guanghua Temple. It was built in the Song Dynasty. It had an old wooden pagoda and was tilted backwards. During the Chenghua period, the Monk Zang Valley was transformed into a hall; the other halls, courtyards and halls were also built by the Cang Valley.

Guanghua Temple 120 Temples

The 120 Temples affiliated to Guanghua Temple in the Song Dynasty were Nanshan Temple (after the west corridor of Guanghua Temple, entering from the west wing of Guanghua Temple. The ground is high and cool. Every time you rely on the railing, you can go to the southeast of Guanghua Temple), Pumen Temple (on the left of the Release Pond in the southeast corner of Guanghua Temple, there is the Tang Dynasty Censor Huang Tao's ancestral hall. The temple is quite remote and ugly, and Huang Tao once studied here with ten comrades.) Yuanzhi Temple (built in the fifth year of Chunxi in the Song Dynasty), Chongen Temple Jinsu Temple, Dabei Temple, Mingyin Temple, Cuiyan Temple, Chongxing Temple, Yingfu Temple, Gushan Temple, Guangyan Temple, Dongdian Temple, Shensha Temple, Neisizhou Temple (place to worship monks), Samantabhadra Temple (one of the four great Bodhisattvas of Buddhism Samantabhadra Bodhisattva ), Sansheng Temple, Tianwang Temple, Zige Temple, Luohan Temple, Tiantai Lingjiu Temple (Song Cai Xiang Poems: "The quiet people have gone and have not returned, the door and clouds are closed. Zhuo Zhuo trees are round, and the deep winter spring is sounding fine. The cold is full of birds singing, and the eyes are singing in the lonely crane. Lonely return by the mountain, writing to look at the sea."There is Pingshan Hall. After the county magistrate Wu Weiming built the hall in the third year of Shaoxing, the city was covered with forests and blocked like a screen, so it was named. Zeng Kaiji said: "The victory of climbing the land in Putian is gathered in the Nanshan Mountain, and this hall also has the victory of Putian's Nanshan Mountain. "The hall was abandoned for a long time, and in the second year of Shaoxi, Zhao Yanli, Taining, was rebuilt.

There was a Yuechi Pond in front of Longxue Xu Lin Shuquan, and the book was engraved on stone.) Shangcishi Temple and Dongfeng Temple (formerly Huangtao Book Hall). It is said that "Ting Trees Shuangya", and in front of today's temple, there are still surviving people. Lin'an, Dayaoshi Temple, Dongfeng Bailian Temple, Yongshou Temple, Baoji Temple, Ruixiang Temple (in Liu Kezhuang poems, it is suspected to be wrong), Qingliang Temple, Xiacishi Temple, Guangfu Temple, Dongbaoxian Temple, Dongbiyun Temple, Yong'an Temple, Daqian Fo Temple, Ruifeng Temple, Chongshou Temple, Ziqing Temple, Lingyuan Temple (Gong Maoliang went to Jianning to stay here, and wrote: "I can't bear to go back late, so I keep holding the quilt. The rain between the clouds and the late autumn. I have this to live, and I am gradually getting old and want to meet each other. I love the thousands of peaks and the bells ring everywhere.") Bailian Temple, Little Manshu Temple, Zunsheng Temple, Tushi Temple, Yuanming Temple, Dongsha Ka Temple, Chongfu Temple, Jiufeng Temple, Baofeng Temple, Xiaoqian Fo Temple, Zhongyue Temple, Jingtu Temple , Dasha Ka Temple, Jinxian Temple, Bodhi Temple, Lingquan Temple, Fengxian Temple, Baoci Temple, Ciyun Temple, Xiaguanyin Temple, Yanqing Temple, Dadizang Temple, Chongxin Temple, Luyuan Temple, Fuxian Temple, Yingsheng Temple, Dachongsheng Temple, Chongsheng Temple (formerly Zheng’s small book hall), Songfeng Temple, Nandizang Temple, Tianqing Temple, Sali Temple, Xiaochongsheng Temple, Shui Yue Temple, Xingfu Temple, Xilin Xiaodizang Temple, Prajna Xiaoshaka Temple, Ruiyun Bing Baoji Temple , Amitabha Temple, Puzhao Temple, Xibaoxian Temple, Jinfeng Temple, Shangsheng Temple, Tianzhu Bingyiyin Temple, Maitreya Temple, Nanchan Temple, Chong'an Chongqing Temple, Shangguanyin Temple, Baoen Temple, Dananfeng Temple, Taiping Temple, Neinanfeng Temple, Xiasizhou Temple, Zhongguan Temple, Xibiyun Temple, Baoshan Temple, Xiaoyaoshi Temple, Zhongzang Temple (with Huangtao Temple).

Shang Sizhou Temple, Jielu Temple, Xidian Temple, Xifeng Temple, Tiangong Temple, and Ruiquan Temple (Song Chen Quan's poem: "Flying and practicing to force the sky, sparse lattices and smoky rocks. Cooking tea to attract the masters to draw this stone spring. The spring is deep and not full, and it moistens the things. There are hundreds of rivers, which are dry, and it is always sunny." There is Ruiquan Pavilion). Zhongfeng Temple (upstream of Lingyan. It is a place where county people climb to see. "There are more than 100 areas of the Guanghua Temple in Nanshan, with eaves and pillars facing each other, and the sills are spread out. For example, Niufeng, Ruiquan, and Tiangong are all called "The Scenery of Pan Chengyou Temple". Inside is the Pan Chengyou Temple ). There are also Sixth Patriarch Temple, Jixiang Temple, Sanshen Temple, etc.

Another algorithm is that there are Wansui Temple in the 120 temple (built in the seventh year of Zhida in the Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the 24th year of Hongwu ), Xiaonan Mountain Temple, Lianhua Temple, Shang Chongsheng Temple, Zhong Chongsheng Temple, Xia Chongsheng Temple, etc. This needs to be further studied based on historical materials.