Zhi Dun (314-366), an eminent monk, Buddhist scholar and writer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was named Daolin. A famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, also respected as "Zhi Gong" and "Lin Gong", also known as Zhi Zhu, and his original surname was Guan. He is from Chenliu (Ka

Eastern Jin Emeritus monk, Buddhist scholar, and writer Zhidun (314-366), whose courtesy name is Daolin, was also respected as "Zhigong" and "Lin Gong", also known as Zhizhu, and his original surname is Guan. Chenliu (, Kaifeng City, ), also said to be from Linlu, Hedong (now Lin County, Henan). When he was young, he moved to Jiangnan with his family. Because his family has been practicing Buddhism for generations, he was deeply influenced since childhood and gradually had a profound understanding of Buddhist principles. In particular, he has a profound understanding of the "Prajna Sutra of the Path of Prajna Sutra" and the "Samadhi of the Wisdom Seal". Later, when he arrived at the capital Jiankang (now Nanjing), he immediately attracted the attention of the famous scholar Wang Meng, saying that his understanding of mysterious principles was profound and subtle, and that his skill was not inferior to that of Wang Bi . He became a monk at the age of 25 and once lived in Zhizhu Mountain. Later, he went to Jiankang (Nanjing City) to preach, and had a relationship with Xie An , Wang Xizhi and others, and he liked to talk about mysterious principles. Notes on "Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoyou" and have unique insights. Later, he set up a temple and walked on the small hill of Wozhou in Shan County (Sheng County, Zhejiang Province), and there were more than a hundred monks. Emperor Ai of Jin was ordered to go to Beijing and stayed in Dong'an Temple to preach. He returned to Shan three years later and died. He is proficient in Buddhist principles and has been passed down from generation to generation. According to literature records, " Shenjun Picture " draws the story of Zhi Dun's love for horses. He wrote "The Mysterious Treatise on the One-Scene Travels" and promoted the idea of ​​"The One-Scene is Empty" and is one of the six great masters of Prajna study . Other works include "Explanation of the meaning of color" and so on.

[Life and Deeds]

When he first entered the capital, he had just entered the circle of famous scholars who were committed to the mission of Tan Xuan and Taoism, and he was highly valued by Wang Meng. At that time, the famous scholars Xie An, Wang Qiao , Liu Hui, Yin Hao , Xu Xun, Xi Chao , Sun Chuo , etc. all made friends with him. After many years in Beijing, I have left many romantic events.

Afterwards, he often gave lectures. He was good at marking the sects and sects, explaining the great powers of each sect, and was disdainful of searching for chapters and excerpting sentences. The disciples of the chapters disagreed with his lecture notes, but Xie An appreciated it very much after hearing it. Xie An was not only a famous politician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but also a famous scholar. With his praise, he became famous, and other celebrities became friends outside the world with the branch Daolin . Later, Zhi Daolin returned to Wujun and founded Zhishan Temple. The famous scholar Wang Xizhi had always heard of his great name, but had never met him, so he didn't believe in Zhi Daolin's ability. After meeting, Wang Xizhi said to Zhi Daolin: "You can hear the "Xiaoyao Pian" you are talking about?" Zhi Daolin immediately wrote thousands of words, and his literary talent was admirable. Wang Xizhi was surprised. So Zhidaolin was invited to live in Lingjia Temple in Kuaiji for the sake of traveling. Soon, Zhi Daolin returned to , Shanshan , and monks from all over the world came to him and asked him for advice. At that time, some people said that he had the ability to manage the country and save the world. Because he had a great influence at that time, after Emperor Ai of Jin ascended the throne, he sent envoys to summon him to the capital many times. He had no choice but to come to Jiankang, live in Dong'an Temple, and preach the "Prajna Sutra of Taoism". There were many people listening to the lecture at that time, and the people were very respectful to him, which caused a sensation among the government and the country. In a letter to relatives and friends, Xie Chao once commented on Zhi Daolin: "Master Lin is compatible with the divine principles, and is upright and understands them alone. He has inherited and explained 0 for hundreds of years, thus making the truth endless. He is the only one." Zhi Daolin lived in the capital for three years, and then wrote a letter to Emperor Ai, saying that he would thank him for his care during this period, but he was used to a dull life, and looked east with his head and missed him extremely, so he asked to return to the mountain. Emperor Ai agreed to his request and gave a generous gift.

Although Zhi Daolin became a monk, he was good at cursive scripts, traveling mountains and enjoying water, and chanting poetry and prose. Someone gave him a few horses and he carefully raised them. Someone laughed at him for this. He replied, "I am the savage that loves it, just raise it." Later, someone gave him two cranes, which he cherished and said to the crane: "You are a thing that soars into the sky, how can you be a toy with your ears?" So he released the crane. His behavior is quite similar to that of the Xuantan celebrities at that time, and many famous scholars at that time also like to date him. The famous scholar Sun Chuo at that time wrote the "Daoxian Lun", comparing the seven Buddhist Taoists (Zhi Daolin, Fahu, Bofazu, Facheng, Zhu Daoqian, Yu Falan, and Yu Daosui) to the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". He believed that Zhidun and Xiang Xiu (one of the Seven Sages) loved Zhuang and Lao. Although the two were different, their literary talent was similar. Therefore, although Zhi Daolin was a famous monk, he was actually a famous scholar. At that time, people called him a "famous scholar wearing a cassock." He also said that he was "the wise and interesting talisman Lao Zhuang, and the wind gods talked about guests."Before this, metaphysicists did not talk about Buddha or even interacted with Buddhists, and Zhidaolin set a precedent for the combination of mystery and Buddha. When Emperor Ai allowed him to return to the mountain, a generation of celebrities went to see him off, which shows his influence at that time.

Zhidaolin not only has the demeanor of a famous scholar, but also has extraordinary thoughts and talents. In addition to writing poems and essays, he also wrote many important academic works, such as "The Mysterious Theory of the Sexuals", "The Theory of the Undistinguished Knowledge", "The Purpose of the Tao", "The Commandment on Learning the Tao", "The Comparison of Small and Small Title Compositions", "The Essence of the Free and Flawless Decoration", etc. Although most of his works have been lost today, judging from the remaining articles, he has high attainments in Buddhism and Laozhuang . In Buddhism, his main achievement lies in Prajna. In the Buddhist Prajna school of the "Six Schools and Seven Sects" of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he represented the Iso-Second School. The basic view of the Form School is that "form does not exist on its own, and although it is empty, it is said that form is emptiness, and form is different from emptiness." Although his meaning of form is not accurately expressed, it is closer to the Prajna view of emptiness than other sects. After moving to Shicheng Mountain, he studied Prajna and attached great importance to Zen. His "The Mysterious Treatise on the Essence of the Form" explains Zen from the perspective of form. He believes that the world is "empty", but at the same time does not deny the "mind and spirit", and understands Zen as a state of freedom without mind, or lack of attachment, which is different from the Anpan Zen method introduced by in the Han Dynasty . He once wrote annotations for "Xiaoyaoyou", which was praised by all the scholars after reading it. Before this, the metaphysics masters Guo Xiang and Xiang Xiu both had annotated " Zhuangzi ". No one had ever made any new contributions to the two bets. In other words, the two bets became the peak of the research on "Zhuangzi" at that time. Zhi Daolin explained a deeper meaning based on the two notes and sublimated it. Many of the principles were explained clearly by him. The wise men then regarded his explanation as "Zhuangzi", and from then on, they all adopted "Zhuangzi". The reason why his "Zhuangzi Notes" is that he introduced Buddhism into Zhuangxue , using it to explain the meaning of "Zhuangzi". The annotation of "Zhuangzi·Xiaoyaoyou" by metaphysicist Guo Xiang looks at the problem from the perspective of Ming Cult and nature, believing that all things have their own unchangeable properties. Zhi Dun believes that sentient beings are different in nature. Only by "entering the ultimate in" can we adapt to the nature of heaven and earth without attachment, and achieve "seeing the wonders of the whole world, concentrating the mysterious spirit, responding in the soul, and being in a way that we can communicate without any reason", so that we can be both "no waiting" and "no self", which is "free and carefree". Zhi Dun's huge influence at that time made him an important position in the history of Chinese thought and Buddhism. He was considered a pioneer in the combination of mystery and Buddhism.

On April 4, the first year of Taihe in the Jin Dynasty, Zhi Daolin died in Shicheng Mountain, Shanzhi at the age of 53.