Dubai Temple is located in Dubai Primary School in Hougou Village, Shanghe Town, Tongnan. It faces north and south, close to the north bank of Fu River . The date of creation is unknown. According to the "Tongnan County Chronicles", "Dubai Temple is located fifty miles north of the county. It was built during the Tang Dynasty. It was formerly named Huiriyuan. It has a Buddha statue inside, which is more than 100 meters high. It is carved by giant cypress and decorated with gold. The temple is named after it.". "Catalogue of Places in Tongnan County, Sichuan Province" records: "" in the Tang Dynasty There is a temple here, which is divided into three halls: upper, middle and lower. There is a single-born cypress outside the mountain gate of the lower hall. There is a Buddha statue carved on the tree, called Dubai Temple" . According to the oral statements of villagers, when Dubai Primary School was rebuilt in the 1980s, he saw the roof component of the ink book " Datang Xiantong for three years", which is now untestable. Currently, only the main hall and the back hall remain. The main hall was announced as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 2013, with the announcement date of Yuan Dynasty.
Dubai Temple Full View
Dubai Temple is located in the landform of Dubai Temple, more than 100 meters away from the Fu River
Dubai Temple
recorded in the "Tongnan County Chronicles"
The main hall was used by Dubai Primary School for a long time and was fully renovated in 2020. Judging from the old photos before, the roof of the main hall and the back hall before the renovation were simple to work, and the ridge of the main hall was partially damaged and missing. Both of them were combined roofs, and there were no tiles and dripping water. After the renovation, the roof of the main hall was restored according to the ancient system, and the roof of the tile was changed to a tile roof. The back hall made porcelain-embedded tiles with the main ridge, the animal heads on both sides and the strata top in the middle of the ridge, and restored the tiles and dripping water, but the tiles were still used.
Dubai Temple before maintenance (picture from the Internet)
Dubai Temple after maintenance roof
After maintenance, the main hall is three rooms wide and eight rafters deep. It is built on a half-meter-high stone-built foundation. single-eaves hip top , the roof lifting is very smooth. The doors are opened in front and back of the bright room, and the windows are opened in the front eaves. The column material is huge and stands on the plain raspberry column base , and the corner column has obvious rise and side angles. There are strip stone foundations on the bottom of the four sides, which is conducive to the long-term preservation of wooden enclosures and mud-covered walls.
Dubai Temple Main Hall
The main hall has a deep eaves. A component similar to "connected eaves" extends from each of the eaves at the second room and at both ends of the gable, which rises with the lifting of the corner rafters, and is mounted on the corner beams, lifting the corner rafters upwards. Similar practices can be seen in the buildings remaining in the Jin Dynasty in the northern . There are 26 brackets in the main hall, and seven types of paving methods are used.
Dubai Temple front eaves and gables on the west side are paved into
Dubai Temple back eaves and gables on the east side are paved into
front eaves and gables on the front eaves and gables on the east side are paved into two flowers: is the five-story outside the two-story (fake angel); the first jump is a single-layer melon seed arch to carry Arhat angel ; the second jump is not a command arch and head, and the upper arch to carry the eaves angel hang, and the tail is turned into a lacquer. Turn the four-bedroom inside to make a secret heart, and use heavy arch inside the wall.
front eaves and open room tween four flowers: is the five-story outer space, double-lower hang (fake hang); the first jump is a single-layer melon seed arch to support the Arhat beam; the second jump is not a command arch and head, the upper hang is installed to support the eaves beam, and the tail is turned into a 㭼 head to support the square head. Turn the four-bedroom inside to make a secret heart, and use heavy arch inside the wall. The square head is turned inside and raised and raised in a diagonal manner on the string of the body, lifting upwards and lifting the lower flat sores, similar to the method of falling gold in the gilded brackets in the Qing Dynasty.
Two tween the front eaves, and two tween the gable columns (between the front mountain column and the front corner column) are laid: is five tween the outer five tween (fake tween); the first tween the single-layer melon seed tween the Arhat beam; the second tween the order tween the head, the upper tween the eaves beam, and the tail is turned into the beam and inserted into the short column on the corner tween. Turn the four-bedroom inside to make a secret heart, and use heavy arch inside the wall.
The back eaves column head is laid into two: the outer is a single-handed beam that carries the wind and swells, and the inner ridge is turned into a milky mattress, and a single arch is used inside the wall.
Four gable column heads are laid: structure is the same as that of the rear eaves column heads, the difference is that the lifting wind and lifting eaves are connected to the lifting beam, and the lifting beam is turned into a Dingzhu.
Two tween walls are laid in the back eaves: the outer part of is a single-handed beam that carries the tweaking wind, and the inner part of the tweaking beam is turned into a 㭼 head that carries the square head, and a single arch is used inside the wall. The square head is turned inside and raised and raised in a diagonal manner on the string of the body, lifting upwards and lifting the lower flat sores, similar to the method of falling gold in the gilded brackets in the Qing Dynasty.
Four gables (between the mountain pillars): structure is the same as the back eaves and the tween tween. The difference is that the square head turns in the square head and rises upwards, which is similar to the gold-picking method in the gilded brackets in the Qing Dynasty.
The front eave corner is laid into two flowers: 45° direction outwards (fake hang, same below), turn into a 㭼 head, and lift the lining inward. The large-angle beam is placed flat on the eaves (the sore on the center of the eaves column, the same below). The tail of the large-angle beam is inserted into the short column on the angle cushion. The short column supports the lower flat-angle and the sequential head cushion upwards, and the lower flat-angle and the sequential head cushion is placed on the lower flat-angle and the sequential head cushion. The lower ant (false ant) on both sides of the first jump angle are arranged with the mud arches on the other side. On both sides of the second jump angle: the lower ant (false) that comes out of the right center is arranged with the slow arch on the other side, and the lower ant (false) that comes out of the first jump center from the 45° direction toward the two sides are arranged with the outer melon seed arch on the other side. The eaves on both sides and the lining angle cushion intersect above the second center of the 45° direction, and lift up the raw wood .
back eaves are laid into two flowers: a layer of wood square is out of the direction of 45°, and above the wooden square , a component similar to matt beam is applied at the center. In the 45° direction, a small wooden square (outside the center) is placed on the first floor of the wood, together with the "corner beam", lifting the breeze sore on both sides upwards. The lining of the corner is placed on the second layer of small wood in the 45° direction, intersects with the swelling of the wind on both sides, and turns into the short column on the corner of the corner and inserts into the inner column of the eaves. The large-angle beam is placed flat on the eaves, and the tail of the large-angle beam is inserted into the short column on the angle tiles. The short column supports the lower flat-angle and the sequential head tiles upwards, and the lower flat-angle and the sequential head tiles are placed on the lower flat-angle and the sequential head tiles.
The palace was built on the top of the Ming Dynasty, and the structure of the beams and frames of the Ming Dynasty matched the "French style" of the Song Dynasty. The use of pillars in the main hall is more "luxury". Not only is the material used huge, but the quantity does not use the "column reduction" practice commonly used in folk temples in the Song (Jin) and Yuan dynasties in the northern Song (Jin) and Yuan dynasties. However, the practice of brackets is relatively "stingy": the first floor of the five-pad work is directly cancelled, and a layer of melon seed arch and regular arch is also eliminated; the back eaves and gables even directly use the lifting beams commonly used in bucket-style buildings. For this reason, the gables and back eaves columns, ordinary beams, and top wood are even raised to offset the height difference after the paving is reduced by one layer. In addition, the characteristics of the bucket-type building structure in the eastern Sichuan area are also reflected in the connection between the inner column and the beam/beam/string, and the direct bearing of the inner column and the Shu column.
Dubai Temple Main Hall beam frame cross section view
Dubai Temple Main Hall internal beam frame (opening direction)
Dubai Temple Main Hall internal beam frame (deep direction)
Dubai Temple Main Hall internal beam frame (roof viewed upward)
The back hall was said to be founded in the 54th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in the 17th year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty. It was formerly known as Guanyin Hall. 江海江海样 building, with five rooms wide in width, of which the height of the roof strata is lowered between the tips on both sides, separated from the slits of the bright and the secondary eaves.
Dubai Temple Back Hall faces the whole picture
Dubai Temple Back Hall faces the bright room
Dubai Temple Back Hall head to the whole picture
Dubai Temple Back Hall front hall
Dubai Temple Back Hall front porch
Dubai Temple rear hall beam frame cross section view
Dubai Temple rear hall beam frame, secondary room front hall beam frame (deep direction)
Dubai Temple rear hall beam frame, secondary room front hall beam frame (open direction)
Dubai Temple rear hall beam frame l0 Dubai Temple back hall, the beam frame of the front hall of the second room (looking up from the roof)
Dubai Temple back hall, the beam frame of the second room, the beam frame of the second room, the beam frame of the front hall
Dubai Temple back hall, the beam frame of the second room, and the beam frame of the second room, was used for a long time by Dubai Primary School. There are still red slogans from the Cultural Revolution in the front porch and the hall. There are also some color paintings on the ridge (the roofs of folk buildings in eastern Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty have common similar patterns, or related to local Shinto beliefs/folk traditions)
Cultural Revolution red slogans in the back hall of Dubai Temple
Dubai Temple back hall is painted in the middle of the Mingfang ridge of the Mingfang ridge. The front eaves columns stand on the carved column top stone. Among them, the two column top stones in the Mingfang are seriously weathered, and the shape of a lion elephant carrying a lotus seat can be vaguely seen. There are mortise and tenon interfaces on both sides of the column top stone, which is used for installation of ground . Now the ground mat has been damaged but mortise and tenon still exists. The old scenery is not the same as before, which makes people feel a lot of emotion.
Dubai Temple back hall front eaves column top stone
The back hall adopts four ways to get out of the eaves:
Mingfang front eaves single-handed (soft pick), the beam turns through the eaves columns and inserts them into the corridor columns, and a camel purlin is placed on the corridor between the corridors, and a river is installed to connect the eaves columns and the corridor columns under the corridors.
times front eaves single-handed (soft lift) and lift pier. There is a connecting beam at the bottom of the hanging pier and the eaves column. The lifting beam turns through the eaves column and inserts it into the corridor column. The camel purlin is placed on the lifting beams between the corridors, and a river is connected to the eaves columns and the corridor columns under the lifting beams.
The front eaves are single-handed (soft picking), and the beam turns through the eaves columns and insert them into the corridor columns. In the corridor steps, the children's columns are mounted on the beams, and a river is connected to the eaves columns and corridor columns are installed under the beams.
Back eaves single-handed (soft pick), and the beam turns through the eaves column and inserts it into the riding column.
Dubai Temple eaves form
Dubai Temple does not have stele carvings and statues (according to the villagers' oral statements, the Buddha statues were split into firewood during the Cultural Revolution), and there is also a lack of documentary records, so the historical evolution is unknown. The author believes that from the perspective of architecture, Dubai Temple has great academic value of . From the perspective of the times: we can see both the practices of the Song and Yuan dynasties, as well as the practices of the Ming and Qing dynasties. From the perspective of standards: we can see both the official practices in the Song Dynasty’s “French style”, and the simplified practices popular among the people. From a regional perspective: we can see both the standardized beam-type palace building practices in the Central Plains and the northern regions, and also the popular bucket-type local building practices in eastern Sichuan. As the oldest wooden architecture remains in Chongqing, Dubai Temple has obviously great value and significance. Its existence is like a history of architectural history from the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and is worth reading carefully.
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Liangquan Longyan Temple—View ancient buildings | Temple Temple View chap.3 Beiyicheng Yuhuang Temple—View ancient buildings | Temple Temple View chap.2 Zhongping Erxian Palace—View ancient buildings | Temple Temple View chap.1 Zhongping Erxian Palace—View ancient buildings | Temple Temple View chap.1
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