text / Fenghuotai
Wang Yangming 's 's Mind Learning and Sakyamuni's Buddhist learning are both knowledge with extensive content in traditional culture and have had a wide impact on later generations. These two subjects not only have a profound explanation of the world and life, but also involve a very important issue - the cultivation of the human mind.
Indeed, people always need to cultivate their minds when they live in the world. From the simplicity and childishness of childhood to the maturity of their minds entering society, all of them are accompanied by spiritual cultivation. Eat, sleep, study, socialize, start a family, start a business, care for the elderly, and protect the young people. Which thing does not require people's efforts? Which day does not require a tough and stable mental strength? Otherwise, it will be difficult to explain the matters of life to yourself, your family and society. As the saying goes, most of the things in life are not satisfactory. If you encounter good things, you can be happy. If you encounter difficult things and bad things, how to overcome the torment of your soul is a problem that everyone needs to think deeply and practice seriously. In the midst of good and bad, high and bad, ups and downs, the human mind is baptized like a storm. How to stabilize the mind, do things rationally, and treat others peacefully requires some effort to cultivate the mind.
The heart is a general concept. According to the words in modern society, they refer to thoughts, thinking, consciousness, mind, etc. The ancient Chinese believed that the mind was the organ of thinking, and the academic community has continued to use this concept. The so-called theory of mind learning and mind cultivation refers to people's thoughts and emotions when replaced by the present, and can also be called the state of mind. Children's thoughts and emotions fluctuate with their own feelings, laughing and crying, because their psychology is an immature period and does not bear family and social responsibilities, and people do not put higher demands on them. When adults enter society and assume family and social responsibilities, they must have a mature mind. Generally speaking, no matter what situation they face, they must maintain a rational, calm and stable attitude in order to treat and deal with problems properly. To do this, everyone must start from their own thoughts and emotions and put in the effort to "cultivate their minds".
Regarding the path to cultivating the mind, Buddhism and mind study have a complete set of knowledge and operating systems. As long as you follow the content and methods guided by both, you will always gain something - this is something that has been proven by past life. Here we will only analyze the differences between the paths of mind cultivation pointed out by the two knowledges, so that everyone can refer to and make choices.
Buddhism should be earlier than the study of the heart. In Chinese society, although the accumulation of Buddhism is deeper than the study of the heart, the study of the heart is a new thing developed based on Buddhism. The study of the mind thinks it has absorbed the connotation of Buddhism, and absorbed the ideas of Confucian and Taoist , forming a new academic system. Of course, with Mr. Yangming's intelligence and diligence, he must have absorbed all the knowledge from to weekly to Ming Dynasty , and combined with the knowledge summarized at that time, it is impossible to just be the fusion of the three schools of thoughts of " Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism ". There are traditions of various schools of thought in Chinese history. Although some knowledge categories faded out of the historical perspective, scholars did not abandon them. Therefore, although later generations called Yangming's Heart Studies ", the convergence of the three religions of " (referring to the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism), it was actually a great comprehensive and innovative knowledge in Chinese society at that time.
The main difference between Buddhism and mind studies is that their life orientations are completely different. Buddhism requires people to follow the path opposite to secular society, adhere to the direction of separation from desires, regard human desires as layers of dust, and use the "Vajra Sword" to pierce them, and give people a pure and transparent, spotless heart (this is the source of the name " Diamond Sutra "); while the study of mind requires people to firmly walk on the road of life, not fear difficulties and obstacles, accept various challenges in the world with a rational, calm and stable mind, strive for success through human self-effort, and be able to maintain a peaceful mind on the changing path of life.
Wang Yangming's "说文典戏 " has a conversation: "Lu Cheng asked: 'When you are quiet, you feel that your meaning is good, but you will be different when you encounter something.' How about it?' Mr. said: 'It is only knowing how to calm down, but you don't need to restrain yourself. In this way, you must be fascinated when you are in the event of something. Only when you are able to stand firm can you be calm and calm.'" Translation: "Lu Cheng asked Mr. Yangming: 'When you are calm, you also feel clear thinking.'" Clear and clear mind, but when encountering specific matters, you feel different. What is the reason? ’Wang Yangming replied: ’This is because you only know how to cultivate yourself in peace and not work hard to train yourself. In this way, you will feel uneasy when encountering things. Only by tempering things can you stand firm, be stable in your heart when you are quiet, and be stable in your heart when you are in peace.’”——“People must grind in your heart”, this is the completely different thing between mind and Buddhism.
Regarding how to maintain the stability of the mind, Wang Yangming used a typical example to illustrate this issue. Wang Yangming's family background is very prominent. His father, Wang Hua, was the top scholar and was appointed as the Minister of State. Wang Yangming had an advantage in terms of family education, environment and genetics. However, when he was young, he failed the Jinshi exam twice, and the people around him didn't understand it, but he looked at the announcement and left. Especially when he failed the exam for the second time, some people couldn't stop crying after seeing the result, and Wang Yangming turned around and left as if nothing had happened. The people who were in the same exam thought he was crazy and rushed over to comfort him, but he said, "It is shameful for the world to be unable to get the first place, but I am ashamed of not being able to get the first place!" (The world is ashamed of not being able to get the first place, but I am ashamed of not being able to get the first place, and I am ashamed of not being able to get the first place to get the first place to get the first place to get the first place to get the first place to get the first place to get the first place to get the first place to get the first place to be, and my heart will be shaken and my emotions will be out of control!) His meaning is: It is not embarrassing to not get the first place to get the first place to get the first place to be able to cultivate your mind, and your heart will be as happy and sad as you go, and your life will not be easy!
Why do you still keep your mind still after failing the exam? The reason is very simple. Keep investing in your studies and take the exam next time! The imperial examinations in the court were once every three years. Fan Jin was able to spend his whole life taking the exams and was finally admitted when he was nearly sixty years old. What's more, we are only in our twenties, so is it necessary to cry here? (Fan Jin is . from the Qing Dynasty. Wang Yangming is from the Ming Dynasty. Here is just an example.) As the saying goes, "The days are long, why bother to get busy with the master!"
Compared with his later demoted to a bitter and cold place - Guizhou Longchang, Wang Yangming's failure in the imperial examination was indeed not a setback. Longchang realized the truth, and lived a life of death. He lay in the sarcophagus for three days and three nights without eating or drinking, allowing heavy rain to pour and strong wind to rage. "Gu Wen Guan Zhi" contains three articles by Wang Yangming, one of which was written in Longchang, Guizhou, called "Yi Tourism Culture", which is to commemorate the officials who died in the capital who were demoted and died here. The article begins with: "On the third day of the autumn month of the fourth year of Weizhengde, an official said that he came from Beijing. He didn't know his name. He took a son and a servant and took him to take him to the position. After passing Longchang , he stayed in the Miao family. I saw him from the fence. It was raining and dark. I wanted to ask about the matter from the north, but it was not successful. Tomorrow morning, I sent someone to watch him and it was already gone. After noon, someone came from the centipede slope and said, "An old man died down the slope, and he cried with two people.' I said, "This must be the official's death. The official's death must be dead. . How sad! ’In the evening, someone came again and said, ‘Two people died on the slope, one of them sat and cried. ’If you ask about his condition, his son would die again. Tomorrow, someone came again and said, ‘Seeing three corpses accumulated below the slope. ’ Then his servant died again. Alas, how sad! ”
Here it is said that the three officials who were demoted in the capital passed by Longchang, and all three died within two days. Wang Yangming found someone to bury these three people and wrote this sacrificial article for them. Because it was written too well, he was selected by later generations into "Gu Wen Guanzhi". When you see things, you actually write about your own state of mind. In contrast, Wang Yangming felt that he was still lucky, at least survived here. In the following years, except for completing official duties, he spent the rest of his time studying knowledge, spreading knowledge, and helping local people solve problems, which was welcomed and respected by the people.Later, he was praised and promoted by his superiors, and he became the high position of governor of Nangan and Guangdong and Guangxi. He was unique in learning, government affairs and life. He was a master of his generation and became the only one in Chinese history who achieved all the achievements of "establishing morality, making meritorious and speaking" in all aspects. After his death, the signs were included in the Confucius Temple, marking a special status in the Chinese academic community.
It should be noted here that I do not think that achieving the "three-level" goals is a successful life, and only by being worthy of the "unmoved" cultivation. It is estimated that Wang Yangming also supports this view. As an official appointed by the court, the bigger the official does and the more things he does, the better. However, as a principle of life, we cannot uphold the idea of " official-oriented " and regard being an official as the only criterion for success. Although Wang Yangming had a prominent background and had superior conditions, he was upright and did not fear the powerful. He was repeatedly demoted and persecuted, and almost lost his life. But he was able to consistently adhere to principles and strive for self-improvement in the face of difficulties and difficulties, and he finally achieved success despite repeated ups and downs. If he cannot be an official, he can do academic research; if he cannot be an official and cannot do academic research, his skills in riding and archery are also first-class, and he can be a general or a soldier; if he cannot do these things, he still has the ability to farm and chop bamboo , just like when he was young, he could farm and become a farmer. Even in ancient times, other industries were left with the eye-catching titles of scholars, juren, jinshi and bureaucrats, and other industries needed to do it and could also create outstanding achievements, such as China's four great inventions, European science and technology, and Industrial Revolution , etc., which contributed much more to mankind than to be an official. Therefore, the ancient Chinese people emphasized "establishing morality, making meritorious words", which should refer to the scope of all walks of life, and should not only regard being an official as the only sign of success.
The transcendence of mind science to Buddhism has not attracted much attention in later generations. People still sway among the three schools of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in their mind cultivation, and emphasize that neither Confucianism nor Taoism is the Tao, nor Taoism is the emptiness. After all, these three schools have been immersed in China for too long and have a relatively high degree of social popularity. Because Yangming's Heart Studies is not widely spread and difficult to grasp, it has a certain degree of impact on Chinese society. Therefore, during the Japanese invasion of China, Chiang Kai-shek said: "If all Chinese people can learn and apply Yangming's mind, defeating Japan will be a breeze!" This person has gone, and this method has not been implemented. Today's discovery will definitely be useful.
Yangming advocates that people work hard, which means that people need to train themselves, improve themselves, and make achievements through active study, work and life, while maintaining the meaning of pure heart and goodness advocated by Buddhism. His pursuit of "to achieve conscience" and the realm of "my heart is bright" are the manifestations of these connotations. In today's terms, it means studying and working diligently, working hard to be a person with a conscience, doing more good things and not doing bad things; at the same time, it is necessary to maintain a thrifty style, not using power for personal gain, and not greedy for pleasure. In a state of high-ranking officials and generous salaries, Wang Yangming was able to give himself a sentence of "My heart is bright, what else can I say?" at the end of his life, which shows that he has carefully practiced his thoughts and reached the state of "not moving" of "no matter how winds east, west, south and north winds, stick to the green mountains and never relax"!
Regarding the evaluation of Buddhism, he affirmed and absorbed some of the content, but he was negative about the practice method of "sitting and celebrating the Lord". Once when he went to the temple, he saw a monk sitting quietly with his eyes closed. Someone next to him said that the monk had been sitting here for three years and had to make up his mind to "understand the mind and see the nature" and reach the state of enlightenment before he got up. He stood opposite the monk and asked loudly, "Do you miss home?" The monk replied, "I miss you!" and asked again, "Do you miss you mother?" The monk replied, "I miss you too!" Yangming said, "Since you miss you home, why don't you go and see it quickly, why are you sitting here?" After hearing this, the monk immediately got up and left the temple, and went home to visit his mother.The modern great scholar Hu Shi said: "Why can you make up for the pain and poverty of the human world? Sitting in a row is the main reason for respect, but it will cause the waste of ''s four bodies and not diligent' and the grains are not divided'!" The so-called "heroes' views are similar." After all, 2,500 years have passed in Buddhism, and the study of mind is relatively recent knowledge. Everyone should carefully understand the difference between the two and choose and apply them appropriately in study, work and life.
(Note: The picture comes from the Internet)
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