According to the official micro-organization of Guangdong Health Online, data show that pneumonia has become the leading cause of death for children under 5 years of age. Approximately 2 million children worldwide die of severe pneumonia every year, with an average of 1 child dying from pneumonia every 15 seconds. Autumn and winter are the seasons of high incidence of pneumonia. Let's take a look at this health killer today.
On November 12, Tang Purun, chief physician of the Pediatrics Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, said that due to the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, everyone’s awareness of disease prevention has generally increased this year, and preventive measures have been done well. Pneumonia patients who came to the hospital from June to October Compared with the same period last year, the number of children has decreased.
"From the etiology of children with pneumonia admitted to the ward in recent months, there are fewer cases of influenza virus infection, and cases of respiratory syncytial virus infection have an increasing trend. Symptoms are mainly high fever and cough, but fewer patients suffer from asthma. "However, Director Tang Purun advises parents not to worry too much. At present, viral pneumonia does not have a large epidemic.
■What are the symptoms of pneumonia in children?
fever: most fevers are high (above 38°C);
cough: initially an irritating dry cough, followed by phlegm sounds in the throat;
phlegm: most children cannot cough sputum on their own, or cough may be accompanied by vomiting Sputum;
asthma: superficial breathing, faster breathing, aggravation of the disease, such as nasal flapping and three concave signs.
Director Tang Purun introduced that Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia is the most common bacterial pneumonia in children under 5 years of age, and about 1 million children under 5 years of age worldwide die from Streptococcus pneumoniae infection each year.
"The most common pathological type of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia in children is bronchopneumonia, and older children are lobar pneumonia. Severe cases may have obvious symptoms of infection and poisoning, combined with toxic encephalopathy, empyema, empyema and even shock. "Director Tang Purun introduced that reasonable and timely use of sensitive antibiotics is the most important part of the treatment of the disease. The general course of treatment is 7 to 10 days, and the serious illness will be extended appropriately.
■The common cold "causes" pneumonia?
Some parents may have experienced that when the child had a small cold, how could it develop into pneumonia, or even severe pneumonia?
Director Tang Purun said that on the one hand, because the initial symptoms of pneumonia are similar to colds, such as fever, mild cough, etc., it is easy to be regarded as a small cold; on the other hand, when the child is sick, the immunity is reduced and cannot resist pathogenic bacteria (bacteria, Viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc.), causing pneumonia.
"If a child is sick, he should go to the hospital as soon as possible to find out the cause and treat it symptomatically; for children with anemia, malnutrition, and weak immunity, parents should help them take daily preventive measures." Director Tang Purun suggested.
■ If children have this bad habit, they should quickly change
Director Tang Purun said that the temperature difference between day and night in autumn and winter changes greatly. Many children are troubled by nasal mucus and nasal congestion. In particular, infants and young children will not actively blow their noses, leading to various viruses, bacteria, and inflammations. Stimulants such as sexual media accumulate in the nasal cavity.
“Some children don’t like blowing their noses for fear of nose pain. This will not only cause germs to accumulate, but once the nasal discharge flows back, the child’s cough may worsen and even develop into pneumonia.”
Regarding the prevention of pneumonia, experts give the following suggestions:
1 , Strengthen physical fitness, actively prevent malnutrition, anemia and rickets, etc.;
2, pay attention to indoor ventilation, reduce passive smoking;
3, wear masks scientifically, pay attention to hand hygiene, and avoid cross-infection;
4, vaccination can effectively reduce the prevalence of pneumonia in children .
■About vaccines, you need to know that
Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine can prevent pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis, bacteremia and other related diseases. At present, there are 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine on the market. The applicable population of
is different:
13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine can effectively stimulate children to produce antibodies, induce immune memory, and induce protective antibody responses even in all kinds of immunodeficiency patients. Suitable for children from 6 weeks to 5 years old. The ability of the
23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine to stimulate the production of antibodies in infants and young children is relatively weak. The immune system of children under 2 years of age is not yet fully developed and cannot induce immune memory. Therefore, the vaccine is suitable for people over 2 years old. Vaccinations for key populations are recommended: Elderly people 60 years old and above; people with specific diseases, including chronic cardiovascular diseases, chronic lungsDiseases or diabetes; people suffering from alcoholism, chronic liver disease, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage; people with functional or anatomical asplenium; people with impaired immune function, patients undergoing immunosuppressive chemotherapy, and organ or bone marrow transplant patients.
Note: The yellow part represents the basic immunization; the gray part represents the booster immunization; maximum 2 doses for babies after 12 months of age; maximum 1 dose for babies after 24 months of age.
▲The schedule of domestic 13-valent pneumonia vaccination procedures
▲Compared with imported pneumonia vaccines, domestic vaccines are cheaper and more widely vaccinated
1. My baby has had pneumonia before, do I still need 13-valent pneumonia vaccine?
If the baby is still under 6 years old, vaccination is still recommended. Because there are many factors that cause pneumonia, and we don’t know what causes pneumonia in babies.
2, won't you get pneumonia after the 13-valent pneumonia vaccine? There are many factors that cause pneumonia in
. The 13-valent pneumonia vaccine prevents a series of diseases caused by 13 kinds of pneumococcal infections. It cannot prevent pneumonia 100%, but vaccination can greatly reduce the risk of the baby's illness.
would like to remind everyone that pneumococcal vaccine is a non-immunization program vaccine in our country, and citizens are vaccinated under the principle of "informed, voluntary, and self-funded". It is recommended that citizens make an online appointment with the vaccination clinic of a nearby community hospital before going for vaccination to avoid getting together. Source of
｜Jingbao APP integrated Guangdong Health Online, Shanghai CDC Wechat
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