nephrotic syndrome are proteinuria, body edema, and hypoalbuminemia. The patient will develop progressive edema, accompanied by abdominal pain, high fever, and foam in the urine. The most terrifying thing is the complications caused by the disease. Without effective treatment, it can be life-threatening.
What are the complications of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome?
1, venous thromboembolism
nephrotic syndrome patients are in a hypercoagulable state, prone to venous thromboembolism, including pulmonary embolism, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and renal artery thrombosis. The patient's platelet aggregation is abnormal, which in turn increases the pro-thrombosis factor and reduces the clotting protein, resulting in abnormal fibrinolysis. In this case, low molecular heparin treatment is required.
2, dyslipidemia
abnormal lipid metabolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome can lead to hypercholesterolemia and higher triglyceride levels in the body. Lipid abnormalities are related to excessive excretion of transport proteins through urine, such as albumin and proteins related to triglyceride metabolism will be excreted in urine. So far, it is not clear whether abnormal lipid metabolism will cause atherosclerosis in patients. Therefore, lipid-lowering drugs cannot be used to regulate dyslipidemia prematurely. Only persistent proteinuria and severe hypertriglyceridemia can Medication. Statins do bring certain side effects to the body, such as growth retardation, liver dysfunction, and rhabdomyolysis, but the chance of side effects is very small. Only children over 10 years old are advised to use statins, and creatine kinase and liver function should be monitored regularly before and during treatment.
3, infection
infection can cause death in children with nephrotic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome will cause excessive excretion of IgG through urine, thereby reducing the concentration and increasing the probability of infection, and too little complement can also cause infection. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, especially spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by pneumococcus, is also a serious complication of nephrotic syndrome, and its risk is closely related to low serum albumin. During this period, antibiotics cannot be routinely used to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and pneumococcal vaccine can be vaccinated if possible.
4. Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury is a common complication of childhood nephrotic syndrome. Co-infection and the use of a large number of drugs that are toxic to the kidney are high risk factors for acute kidney injury. In addition, patients with hypovolemia can also cause acute kidney injury if they use large amounts of diuretics. Sepsis and hypovolemia can cause acute tubular necrosis, induce renal vein thrombosis, and cause acute kidney injury. In addition, extensive use of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can lead to interstitial nephritis, which is also a risk factor for acute kidney injury.
Warm reminder that
edema is a typical symptom of childhood nephrotic syndrome. It starts from the front of the eyes and face, and then slowly spreads over the whole body, and the edema is sunken. In addition, children will suffer from protein malnutrition due to long-term protein loss. Once diagnosed with childhood nephrotic syndrome, you must actively cooperate with the doctor, not stay in bed for a long time, slowly increase your activity after the condition is relieved, and gradually increase your study after half a year, but you must not overwork your body. During the period, a low-salt diet is adopted. If there is severe edema and high blood pressure, a salt-free diet is required. At the same time, the amount of drinking water should be restricted.
