如今，購物時“刷臉”支付，用手機時“刷臉”解鎖，進小區時“刷臉”開門，坐飛機直接“刷臉”登機……越來越多的事情可以通過人臉識別技術來解決。“刷臉”在方便我們的同時，也帶來了隱私泄露的風險。我們“刷臉”之後，圖像、數據是否會被存儲、是否有泄露風險？
圖源：圖蟲創意
Forgot your password or your ID? Well, facial recognition (FR) technology can help. Using just their faces, people can unlock their smartphones, make payments and take the subway. FR technology has also been used to catch criminals.
忘記了賬號密碼？沒關係，人臉識別技術可以幫到你。人們可以通過面部識別解鎖智能手機，進行支付並搭乘地鐵。人臉識別技術還能用於抓捕犯罪分子。
However, as the use of FR applications has become more widespread, the technology has aroused controversy over privacy and financial security risks.
然而，隨着人臉識別技術的應用日益廣泛，這項技術也引發了關於隱私以及金融安全風險的爭議。
A survey jointly released by Guangzhou-based Nanfang Metropolis Daily and the Personal Information Protection Task Force on Apps said that almost 65 percent of respondents think that FR technology is being abused.
由廣州的《南方都市報》與App專項治理工作組聯合發布的一項調查顯示，約有65%的受訪者認為人臉識別技術被濫用了。
Even worse, more than 30 percent said they have actually experienced financial loss as well as invasion of privacy due to facial information leak and abuse.
更糟糕的是，超過30%的人表示，曾因自己的人臉信息泄露、濫用等遭受經濟損失或隱私被侵犯。
According to Xinhua, many applications do have loopholes that could lead to leaks in personal and facial information data.
據新華社報道，許多應用軟件的確存在漏洞，會導致個人及面部信息數據泄露。
Loopholes aren’t the only worry, though. On some online trading platforms, only 2 yuan is charged for thousands of photos of people’s faces, but such trade is neither authorized nor legal.
但漏洞並不是唯一令人擔心的事。在一些在線交易平台上，只需兩元便能買到上千張人臉照片，但這類交易並未經過授權，也不合法。
In August, two suspects were arrested in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, for allegedly stealing and reselling personal information.
今年8月，兩名犯罪嫌疑人因涉嫌竊取、轉售個人信息在浙江杭州被逮捕。
This has prompted concerns about the security of personal bioinformation. “Physical characteristics, including facial features and fingerprints, are some of the most important identifiers for individuals. Unlike our ID, which can be modified (修改), our bioinformation stays permanent for life,” Zhang Xin, associate professor at the University of International Business and Economics, told CGTN.
這一事件引發了對個人生物信息安全的關注。“人臉、指紋等生理特徵對於個人而言是最為重要的標識。賬號可以修改，但我們的生物信息卻會陪伴我們終生，”對外經濟貿易大學副教授張欣在接受中國國際電視台採訪時如此表示。
Therefore, there should be a legal framework that regulates the collection, use, storage and transmission of bioinformation, according to Zhang.
因此，張欣認為，應當建立一個規範生物信息收集、使用、儲存、傳輸的法律機制。
Though China does not have specific regulations relating to FR technology, the China Cyber Security Law, which came into effect in 2017, states that personal information can only be collected when individuals are informed and agree to the aims and scope of the collection.
儘管中國目前還沒有關於人臉識別技術的具體法規，但2017年起實施的《中華人民共和國網絡安全法》規定，網絡運營者收集個人信息，應當明示收集、使用信息的目的和範圍，並經被收集者同意。
The Civil Code, which was adopted this year, also states that personal consent is required before the collection and processing of personal information. And users have the right to ask to withdraw their personal information, according to Zhu Wei, deputy director of the Communication Law Research Center at the China University of Political Science and Law.
今年通過的《民法典》也規定，需經自然人同意方可收集處理個人信息。中國政法大學傳播法研究中心副主任朱巍表示，用戶有權要求刪除自己的個人信息。
Tech companies have been optimizing their FR algorithm and the ways in which they collect data. According to CGTN, they are now addressing security risks with more advanced technology, like federated learning that can train the algorithm without directly accessing the data the company collects. This reduces the possibility of leaks.
科技公司一直在優化人臉識別算法以及收集收據的方式。據中國國際電視台報道，如今這些公司都在通過更先進的技術處理安全風險，如聯邦學習，這種技術無需直接獲取企業所收集的數據便能進行算法訓練，從而減少信息泄露的可能性。
本文英文部分來自《二十一世紀學生英文報·高二》811期
