REFLECT研究是继索拉非尼上市十年来,第一个在晚期HCC一线治疗中取得阳性结果的III期临床研究。凭借该研究成果,仑伐替尼成为晚期HCC的一线治疗选择。为继续探索HCC的精准治疗,关于仑伐替尼在晚期HCC患者中的预后预测研究仍在继续。客观应答(objective response)作为评估癌症患者接受抗肿瘤治疗疗效的主要指标,是否可以作为HCC患者预后生存的独立预测因子,仍需要进一步验证。
为了全面分析REFLECT研究中HCC患者对于仑伐替尼的客观反应与患者总体生存(OS)之间的关系,日本近畿大学医学院附属医院Masatoshi Kudo教授等近日在JOH杂志发表一项最新的研究成果。
文章发表封图 (来源:https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu)
众所周知,对于肿瘤患者而言,客观应答是用于评估放疗、化疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗等疗效的主要工具。基于不同的抗肿瘤治疗方法,我们评估其疗效的评价标准也各有不同,例如:传统的(如针对化疗、靶向治疗)实体肿瘤疗效评价标准(RECISTv1.1)以及改良的实体肿瘤疗效评价标准(mRECIST);随着免疫治疗的长足进步,又涌现出了针对实体瘤免疫治疗的疗效评价标准(immune-modified Response Evaluation Criteria In SolidTumors,ImRECIST)。
REFLECT研究是一项全球、随机、开放标签、III期临床研究,评估了仑伐替尼(lenvatinib)对比索拉非尼(sorafenib)一线治疗不可切除肝细胞癌(uHCC)患者的疗效。在较早的研究分析中,仑伐替尼显示出非劣效于索拉非尼,二者的总体生存(OS)分别为13.6 个月(95%CI:12.1~14.9)vs. 12.3个月(95%CI:10.4~13.9) (HR=0.92,95%CI:0.79~1.06)。另外,仑伐替尼较索拉非尼可显著延长无进展生存(PFS),分别为7.4个月(95%CI:6.9~8.8)vs. 3.7个月(95%CI:3.6~4.6)。二者的客观应答率(ORR)分别为24.1%(95%CI:20.2~27.9)vs. 9.2%(95%CI:6.6~11.8)。
在最新的研究中,Kudo教授等通过在REFLECT研究随机分组后2个月、4个月和6个月,分别收集了从研究者角度基于mRECIST评估的客观应答以及从独立放射学审查的角度基于mRECIST和RECIST1.1的客观应答,并分析了它们与OS之间的关系。
文章相关图片摘要 (DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.09.006)
最终的研究结果显示,有应答者(研究者评估mRECIST)的中位OS为21.6个月(95%CI:8.6~24.5),无应答者为11.9个月(95%CI:10.7~12.8)(HR=0.61,95%CI:0.49~0.76;P<0.001)。
从独立放射学审查的角度基于mRECIST和RECIST1.1的客观应答也显示出与OS的相关性(HR=0.61,95%CI:0.51~0.72,P<0.001和HR=0.50,95%CI:0.39~0.65,P<0.001)。通过独立放射学审查评估显示,基于mRECIST和RECISTv1.1的客观应答相似。
进一步的探索性多因素Cox回归分析表明,基于mRECIST研究者评估的客观应答(HR=0.55,95%CI:0.44~0.68,P<0.001)和基于RECISTv1.1独立放射学审查评估的客观应答(HR:0.49,95%CI 0.38-0.64,P<0.0001)均可作为HCC患者OS的独立预测因子。
综上所述,该项研究通过对REFLECT研究的完整数据进行分析,结果表明,仑伐替尼治疗晚期HCC的客观反应是HCC患者OS的独立预测因子。通过mRECIST或RECISTv1.1获得完全或部分缓解的患者与病情稳定或进展、无应答的患者相比,生存期显著延长。
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