受窗帘启发的多孔碳材料，用于超宽带电磁波吸收

1成果简介

开发轻质高效电磁波吸收材料的核心挑战在于：在减薄厚度的同时，实现阻抗匹配与损耗性能的解耦提升。本文，辽宁材料实验室Wanchong Li、Jinsong Zhang等研究人员在《ADVANCED SCIENCE》期刊发表名为“Machine Learning Driven Window Blinds Inspired Porous Carbon-Based Flake for Ultra-Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption”的论文，研究受百叶窗结构启发，提出并设计了一种离散叶片可调谐电磁波吸收材料（DSTEAM）。

通过融合磁电耦合概念与人工智能辅助的数据驱动优化策略，成功制备的DSTEAM在2.6-40 GHz超宽频段展现出卓越性能：反射损耗低于-10 dB，同时保持仅9.85 mm的超薄厚度和0.566 kg/m²的面积密度。DSTEAM的卓越性能源于：离散薄膜界面处的梯度诱导多重散射效应、局部场强协同增强机制，以及磁电耦合调制原理。这种人工智能驱动的协同设计策略，为开发新一代轻质宽带电磁波吸收材料提供了创新理念与有效路径。

2图文导读

图1、(a) Inspiration source and magneto-electric coupling design concept of the discrete slat tunable electromagnetic wave absorption material inspired by the structure of window blinds. (b) Fabrication process of the porous carbon material and the FeSiAl magnetic material.

图2、(a) 3D-XRT model. (b) Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test of the porous carbon. (c) Microscopic morphology of the porous carbon. (d) SEM image showing the microscopic morphology of a single porous carbon skeleton. (f) SEM image of FeSiAl powder and the corresponding EDS mappings for (g) aluminum, (h) silicon, and (i) iron. (e, j) TEM images of the porous carbon.

图3、(a) Raman spectrum of the porous carbon. (b) XPS survey spectrum and (c) high-resolution C 1s spectrum of the porous carbon. (d) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the FeSiAl alloy and the porous carbon. (e) XPS survey spectrum of FeSiAl, along with its corresponding high-resolution (f) O 1s, (g) Fe 2p, (h) Si 2p, and (i) Al 2p spectra. (j) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the precursors (PU foam and phenolic resin) and the porous carbon. (k) Thermogravimetric (TG) curves of the precursors under an argon atmosphere. (l) TG curves of the porous carbon and the FeSiAl alloy under an air atmosphere.

图4、(a–c) In situ simulation analysis of the Poynting vector field for the 3D-XRT model of the porous carbon material at 2.6, 9, and 18 GHz, respectively. (d–f) In situ simulation analysis of the energy loss field for the 3D-XRT model of the porous carbon material at 2.6, 9, and 18 GHz, respectively. (g) Impedance matching curve, reflection coefficient (or reflectivity) curve, attenuation constant curve, and dielectric loss tangent curve for the porous carbon.

图5、(a) Definition of DSTEAM structural parameters. (b) Complex permittivity and complex permeability of FeSiAl. (c) Complex permittivity of porous carbon. (d) Schematic diagram of HH and VV polarization directions. (e) Comparison of DSTEAM reflectivity under HH and VV polarization directions.

图6. (a) Bandwidth performance comparison between DSTEAM and other electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. (b) Compressive test of the porous carbon material. (c) Thickness performance comparison between DSTEAM and other electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. (d) Areal density of seven sheets of standard A4 paper. (e) Areal density of DSTEAM. (f) Areal density comparison between DSTEAM and other electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. (g) Flexibility test of the magnetic material.

图7、Analysis of the Poynting vector field for DSTEAM at inclination angles of (a) 0°, (b) 26°, and (c) 90°.

图8、Schematic diagram of the wave-absorption mechanism of DSTEAM.

3小结

受百叶窗结构启发，本研究通过整合磁电耦合机制与人工智能辅助的数据驱动方法，开发出一种离散叶片可调式DSTEAM系统。通过神经网络替代模型（R² > 0.97）与遗传算法协同作用，实现了结构参数的智能逆向设计，将传统试错设计周期大幅缩短（效率提升约50倍）。优化后的DSTEAM在2.6-40 GHz全频段展现出有效吸收带宽（反射损耗≤-10 dB），同时保持9.85毫米的超薄厚度和0.566千克/平方米的面积密度。DSTEAM的卓越性能源于：离散片层界面诱导的梯度多重散射效应、局部场强协同增强机制，以及磁电耦合调制机制。这些特性协同优化阻抗匹配、增强损耗能力并降低材料厚度。该吸收体在45°宽入射角下仍保持90%以上的波吸收效率。该设计策略融合仿生构型与智能优化，为新一代轻质宽带吸收体的研发提供了理论框架与技术路径，在智能隐身涂层与自适应电磁防护领域展现出广阔应用前景。

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