飞机的俯仰是怎样控制的
How is the aircraft controlled for the pitch movement?
In aeronautics, an elevator is a flight control surface that is used to control the position of the nose of an aircraft and is situated at the tail part. The aircraft elevators control the angle of wing attack by changing the effective airfoil shape of the horizontal stabilizer. Most aircraft have two elevators, one mounted on the trailing side and the other on a horizontal stabilizer allowing the pilot to control the plane’s pitch. Pitch is the movement around the lateral axis of aircraft. Unlike the ailerons, they rotate up and down simultaneously through linkage in manual or autopilot control aircraft and through the fly-by-wire systems in modern aircraft (such as A320).
在航空学中，升降舵是一种飞行控制面，用于控制飞机机头的位置，位于飞机尾部。飞机升降机通过改变水平稳定器的有效翼型形状来控制机翼的迎角。大多数飞机都有两片升降梯，一个安装在飞机尾部的水平稳定器上，以便飞行员控制飞机的俯仰。俯仰是围绕飞机横向轴的运动。它们通过手动或自动驾驶控制飞机的联动俯仰，而现代飞机(如A320)利用电传飞行系统操纵舵面的上下偏转。
How does an elevator work in an aircraft?
An elevator is one of the primary flight controls deflected in flight that responds to the forward or aft movement of an aircraft control column or stick. The elevators work by the movement of control columns backward and forward.
升降舵是在飞行中发生偏转的主要飞行控制装置之一，它响应飞机驾驶杆或操纵杆的向前或向后运动。升降舵是通过控制杆的前后移动来工作的。
The horizontal stabilizer at the rear of the fuselage prevents up-and-down or pitching, the motion of the aircraft nose to keep the aircraft level in flight. The elevators at the rear of the stabilizer attached to each side of the fuselage generate and control the pitching motion of an aircraft by varying the amount of force generated by the tail surface through their movements.
机身后部的水平稳定器防止飞机机头的上下或俯仰运动，以保持飞机在飞行中的水平。固定在机身两侧的尾翼尾部的升降舵通过改变尾翼表面产生的作用力来产生和控制飞机的俯仰运动。
If the elevator moves down, the camber of the horizontal stabilizer increases, and so does the lift. The additional lift on the tail surface creates an upward force away from the center of gravity, causing rotation around a lateral axis. As a result, the aircraft’s nose will rotate down about its center of gravity. This will prepare the plane to land. The opposite occurs when the elevators move up, i.e., the aircraft’s nose can be pointed up about the center of gravity, allowing the aircraft to climb. During take-off, elevators are deployed upward to increase the downforce on the tail to push it down and nose up to begin climbing out and accelerate the aircraft upwards.
如果升降舵向下移动，水平安定面弯度的增加，升力也增加。尾部表面的额外升力产生了一个远离重心的向上的力，导致绕横轴旋转。因此，飞机的机头将围绕其重心向下旋转。这将为飞机着陆做好准备。相反，当升降舵向上移动时，也就是说，飞机的机头可以朝上，接近重心，允许飞机爬升。在起飞过程中，升降舵向上偏转，增加机尾的下压力，推动机头向下，机头向上，开始爬升，加速飞机向上。
