Huawei lost the general. It is reported that a 53-year-old Huawei executive died after a long-distance running of 28 kilometers. Why does marathon cause sudden death? How to run scientifically? Come and learn to listen to your body.
text/Reporter Ji Jingjing Picture and Text Editor/ Ding Lin
Interview expert:
Huang Guangmin ( Chief physician of the Institute of Sports Medicine of the General Administration of Sports Administration)
Zhang Li ( Associate Researcher of the Institute of Sports Science of the General Administration of Sports Administration)
Ren ( Beijing United Family Hospital orthopedic doctor, member of the North Malaysia medical security team in 2016)
The last day of the National Day holiday of the National Day, an unfortunate news came. Vice Chairman of Huawei's Supervisory Board, President of Operator BG, and President of Enterprise BG Ding Yun died of a sudden illness.
On the evening of October 7, Huawei issued an obituary saying, "We informed that Ding Yun unfortunately died in the early morning of October 7, 2022 due to a sudden illness at the age of 53." Ding Yun joined Huawei in 1996 and has been working at Huawei for 26 years.
It is reported that Ding Yun suffered a sudden heart attack after a 28-kilometer long-distance running, causing sudden death. On the evening of October 6, a Shenzhen netizen once said on social network that he encountered an ambulance in Yangtaishan, Shenzhen, where a fallen hiker was rescued. According to news from Huawei people, Ding Yun is keen on long-distance running sports such as marathons in daily life, and "almost all his rest time is spent on running."
President of the Huayou Association Yu Weihua also posted a memorial text on his circle of friends, saying that the reason for his death was due to a myocardial infarction caused by running 28 kilometers in a row.
Why does long-distance marathon cause sudden death? Who is not suitable for running a marathon? Why is horse racing addictive? What kind of sports damage does marathon easily cause? How to alleviate " running knee "? Let’s take a look together.
1
marathon may make some people "very hurt"
In recent years, running marathons has become a fashionable way of fitness. However, marathons are not a sport suitable for the public. Almost every year after marathons, there will always be news that the contestants died suddenly on the news.
△ The statue of "The Marathon Warrior Announces Victory" in the Louvre. The marathon was originally intended to commemorate the heroic warrior of Fidipides during the Hippola War. He ran back to Athens from the marathon and shouted for news of victory.
Chief physician of the Institute of Sports Medicine of the General Administration of Sports Administration Huang Guangmin once provided a set of data on the sudden death rate of marathons to Beijing Science and Technology News reporters: a report published by the US " New England Medical Journal " in 2012 showed that from 2000 to 2010, nearly 11 million people participated in marathons in the United States in ten years, with a total of 42 sudden deaths, with an incidence rate of 0.38/100,000; the authoritative magazine " Runner's World" pointed out that the conclusions of a large number of related research over the past few decades are very similar, and the mortality rate of marathon participants is about 0.68/100,000; referring to domestic event reports, the mortality rate of marathon participants is 0.44~154/100,000. At the same time, there are statistics that the probability of sudden death in men running marathons is more than 5 times that of women.
According to the American Journal of Circulation, among the causes of sudden death in exercise, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the highest, which is consistent with the statistical results of sudden death in marathon - 90% of cases of sudden death in marathon exercise are due to heart problems. In addition, congenital heart disease, acquired heart valve disease, ischemic heart disease, exercise stress syndrome, heat stroke, dehydration, etc. are all common causes of sudden exercise death.
△ Precautions for reducing the risk of sudden death in exercise (Source: CFP)
In addition to causing terrifying sudden death, long-distance running is more commonly criticized by doctors and professionals because it is very easy to cause sports injuries. In 2014, statistics from the Journal of Harvard University showed that the proportion of people who insist on running every day is as high as 30% to 80%.On March 20, 2016, at the Guangdong Qingyuan Marathon, which is nicknamed the "most injured" event, 20,000 participants received treatment, including 39,838 muscle spasms, 1,743 sprains, 194 abrasions, 20 fainting, 107 abdominal pain, 306 experiencing, 17 people were sent to the hospital for treatment, 5 people were critically ill, and 3 people were even admitted to the intensive care unit of the hospital.
Associate researcher Zhang Li, an associate researcher at the Institute of Sports Science of the General Administration of Sports of China, introduced that injuries caused by horse racing are generally caused by two main reasons: one is the wrong running posture. Long-distance running is a very boring mechanical exercise. Even if it is repeated 100,000 times in a very small mistake, water drops through the stone, quantitative change brings qualitative change, and the damage will be magnified by 100,000 times. In the end, the body will be unable to bear it or compensate for it, resulting in injury; the second is excessive exercise. Excessive exercise here refers to exceeding one's own ability to withstand it can also lead to overtraining injuries. It is generally difficult for non-professionals to control these two points, so the probability of injury during horse racing is very high. However, even professional athletes are difficult to avoid injuries caused by unreasonable sports load or incorrect technical movements.
2
Who is not suitable for marathon?
Marathon is a long distance, high consumption and heavy burden in track and field sports, and has high requirements for people's health quality. Zhang Li warned: "Don't go running a horse when you are angry. As a niche extreme sports , marathon is not suitable for all people. Especially for some patients with diseases (such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, endocrine disease, neurological disease, bone and joint disease, blood disease, etc.) it is not suitable for horse racing. In addition, people with congenital muscle type mainly focus on " fast muscle fiber " are not suitable for horse racing, because insufficient endurance is very easy to get injured during long-distance running. 。”
*1
The following groups are not suitable for marathons:
People with heart disease: From the perspective of heart disease, people with rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease are not suitable for long-distance running. In addition, people who have suffered heart disease recently, those with severe coronary artery disease (angina pectoris), or those who feel chest pain while doing mild activities, and those who have gray and blue faces during exercise are not suitable for long-distance running. The worst thing is that some heart diseases usually have no symptoms, and even the patients themselves do not know that they have hidden heart diseases. This type of person runs long-distance running is the most dangerous.
patients with cold: Viral cold can induce heart failure and myocarditis . Especially for outbreak viral myocarditis, there is a possibility of sudden death. Therefore, if a cold does not recover for two weeks, and is accompanied by cough, chest tightness, , palpitations, and breathing, you should pay attention to it and seek medical treatment in time to avoid inducing heart disease.
hypertension , diabetes or dysrhythmia or : After running, adrenaline rises, blood pressure and heart rate rise, which can easily lead to blood pressure soaring and arrhythmia , causing danger. Diabetics can run long-distance running, but be cautious. If sugar is insufficient reserve after intense exercise, it is easy to cause hypoglycemia and causes danger. In addition, diabetes can also cause lesions of small blood vessels, which brings vascular risks during running.
who are too obese: obese people often have metabolic disorders. When long-distance running exercises are consumed too much, it is easy to cause danger.
△The lower limb joints of high-weight athletes are affected by greater impact and damage. If you want to lose weight, you can actually choose other types of aerobic exercises such as swimming.
Those who have not received system training: People who usually do not have a foundation in exercise, lack training or have poor physical condition, are prone to dizziness and cannot afford such a large amount of exercise. It is recommended that people who participate in marathons or long-distance running must have a foundation for long-term exercise. It is best to conduct a comprehensive physical examination before the race, and those who pass the competition will participate in the competition.
Those who are older or too young and have physical discomfort: The burden is too heavy and the consumption is too large. , Exercise that lasts too long will be detrimental to the growth and development of young children and will also destroy their growth and development rules. Over-aged elderly people, due to their aging internal organs and tissues and weak physiological functions, are not suitable for high-intensity marathons or long-distance running.
3
"Challenge" does not mean that they are forced to bear
People not only need to have good exercise and exercise habits in daily life, but also must undergo a comprehensive physical examination before the competition to ensure that there are no hidden dangers in their bodies. There are also heart rate meters and other instruments available on the market to help understand the condition of the exercise center. When preparing for a marathon, you need to pay attention to step by step, follow the principle of "from weak to strong, from slow to fast", and gradually increase the distance and speed of long-distance running.
It is worth mentioning that many people think that marathons are a "challenge", so they often endure even when they encounter discomfort during running. This is an unscientific method. If you are tired and weak feet, you will not have any problems to overcome it with your will, but if your body organs such as the heart are uncomfortable, you should stop exercising immediately and seek help if necessary.
For many sudden deaths and high injury rates in horse racing, domestic marathons are also consciously starting from the source, such as raising the threshold for horse racing and setting strict registration requirements.
▲ 2016 Beijing Marathon women's group champion, Ethiopian runner Biru Menditu fainted due to lack of physical strength when receiving the award (Source: Oriental IC)
4
Why are so many people like marathons?
writer who loves marathons Haruki Murakami in his work "What do I talk about when I talk about running" has explained the only way of exercise Reasons for recommending long-distance running: "There are several benefits of running. The first is that you do not need partners or opponents, nor do you need special equipment or equipment, and you don't have to rush to a special place. As long as you have a pair of shoes suitable for running and a sloppy road, you can run as long as you like when you are in the fun."
Why can Haruki Murakami "run as long as you like"? When you are running a horse, your brain will produce " endorphin " - this morphine-like biohormones can be secreted as you continue to exercise, making you unable to feel or only feel the pain in a small amount of long-distance running. At the same time, endorphins will create an euphoric feeling called "runner's high" in your body.
Another hormone secreted by the body during horse racing is adrenal hormone , which can also keep the body in an excited state. These two hormones will only increase after reaching a certain amount of exercise, so it may be sometimes in the early stage of running. There will also be pain caused by exercise. When the second half of the run is in, as the hormone continues to produce, it will be replaced by a feeling of euphoria, comfort, excitement and excitement. Many runners insist on long-distance running to pursue this euphoria brought by the brain every time they run.
△ However, excessive immersion in this euphoria may make runners ignore or underestimate some warnings issued by their bodies during the competition.
persist in long-distance running, in theory, can promote the body's metabolism and improve endurance level. As you are running a horse, the heart's stroke volume and the elasticity of the blood vessel wall are significantly enhanced, the blood and lymph circulation will start to accelerate, the respiratory rate and depth will increase significantly, and the lung capacity will increase significantly, including the lungs' ventilation and ventilation function.During long-distance running, the adaptability of the upper respiratory tract to air temperature changes will gradually increase with the frequency of exercise. In addition, the improvement of cellular immunity and humoral immune functions in the body, the body's disease resistance, especially the upper respiratory tract's anti-infection ability, will be significantly enhanced. In addition, rhythmic movement of the limbs during running can also enhance the coordination of the body. Especially after jogging in a natural environment with high oxygen content, you will feel comfortable and clear-headed, and your mental stress will be reduced to a certain extent.
"For me, running is not only a beneficial physical exercise, but also an effective metaphor. I have surpassed myself yesterday, even if it is just a little bit, it is more important. In long-distance running, if there is any opponent that must be defeated, it is my past self." Haruki Murakami persists for himself for many years This conclusion is made in my long-distance running career, but among the many effects of long-distance running on the body, it also includes sports injuries that cannot be easily bypassed.
5
Common running injuries
Why do some people still jump and take selfies after running a marathon, while others collapse to the ground? This ultimately depends on whether the runner manages his physical condition scientifically and prepares for training irrationality. And understanding the most common sports injuries in marathons may help effectively prevent and perform purposeful professional recovery.
(Photographed by Qin Tong)
Marathon clinics are often injured. It is actually rare to have " meniscus worn out" but the knee is indeed the part that most runners are most worried about. If you can always maintain a scientific and reasonable long-term exercise, running will help improve the wear resistance of the knee joint. At the same time, if core strength training is properly done, quadriceps in front of the thigh and the inner side of the knee patella, can also help protect the knee during long-distance running and avoid the pain of knee joint . If you do not exercise properly, knee pain caused by running will be very difficult.
The most common prepatagonal pain, commonly known as "running knee", is manifested as a pain caused by soft wear between the patella and the femur, and the sound of friction can be heard. If you suffer from "running knees", in addition to seeking medical treatment, it is recommended to use a quiet squat against the wall to exercise the quadriceps of your thighs: your back is against the wall, your knees do not exceed your toes, and you can squat at 30 degrees. You can persist for at least 5 minutes. Feeling the muscles on the front of the thighs bulge can play a role.
Knee problems are also seen in the occurrence of iliotibial band syndrome, which is more "focused" on female runners. The iliotibial band is a deep fascia on the outside of the thigh. If you think of the iliotibial band as a string, it is this "string" that connects the thigh and the calf as an important structure to fix the knee joint. When you are running, the strings will rub against your knee joint. When the friction is excessive, the sliding of the iliotibial band is hindered, and when the hip joint is moving, the two rub against each other and make a sound, you will feel pain. The recovery method is recommended to use foam roller . After running, use the foam roller for traction and stretching, which can have good results for deep tissue massage, tissue pulling, pain elimination and anti-inflammatory.
△Iliotibial band diagram (Source: Oriental IC)
In addition, lower limb injuries caused by running horses include Achilles tendonitis , medial tibial pressure syndrome and planar fasciitis , etc. The male-female ratio of Achilles tendonitis is 10:1, which is more common in male and elderly runners. Medial tibial pressure syndrome "favors" female runners, and is also commonly found in some people who have no running experience, or have heavier body weight, lower calves arch of the calcane bone and have a flat foot tendon. Corresponding to the "runner's knee", plantar fasciitis is also often called "runner's foot" by many people.According to statistics, 10% of long-distance runners or people with long-distance running habits suffer from this disease. Plantar fasciitis manifests as pain near the heel when walking, and the pain during jumping and running is exacerbated; there is obvious tenderness at the proximal attachment of the plantar aponeurosis (heel nodules); Metatarodesome joint also produces pain when passively pulling. It can be relieved by multiple exercises of pulling the big toe upward and dorsal side.
△Achilles tendon and plantar fascia schematic
According to Ren Gang, the above lower limb injuries cover the problems of more than 85% of orthopedic outpatients. In addition, he also reminded runners that improper running can even lead to fractures, and this stress fracture is also called a marching fracture. It may occur in bone thrombosis, foot snado , calcaneal bone, tibial fibula, pubic , and femoral neck. It is generally diagnosed through magnetic scanning.
At the same time, running horses will also bring other health risks. For example, when running on a track in the city, the higher possible air pollution is affected - outdoor sports in smog weather may cause irreversible damage; in addition, long-term outdoor sports will cause skin to be exposed to more sunlight. According to 2006 In 2019, the incidence of skin cancer for marathon runners is higher than the average.
long-distance runners who challenge marathons are likely to experience a unique experience that other long-distance runners do not have, that is, when the running distance reaches a certain value (most people are about 30 kilometers), you will "collide" an invisible transparent "wall".
" brains are spinning desperately, but hands and feet are out of control, and abdominal muscles are difficult to spasm. Feeling, just like the energy in the stomach is exhausted, and I feel desperate in my heart and don’t want to continue running..." This "bumping wall" phenomenon is also called "extreme phenomenon". It is a short-term phenomenon caused by the activation speed of the body's nerves, cardiovascular system and energy metabolism system that cannot keep up with the intensity of exercise. Slow down the pace, replenish some energy, and maintain rhythmic breathing can all pass this so-called "bumping wall period" well.
△The 30-kilometer post-season of the marathon is often exhausted. The picture shows the Hawaiian marathon with no end-of-season limit and "going away". (Source: Hawaii Marathon Official Website)
runs frequently or through certain special training methods, such as running at a speed, which can reduce or delay the occurrence of "pole phenomena". When you run a horse, if you don’t want to experience this special experience at all, the only way is to let your body "be sure" and control your running speed to the extent that your body can adapt easily.
6
If you have to run a horse, please make a reasonable plan
Huang Guangmin suggested that all runners who are preparing to run a horse should first undergo a comprehensive physical examination , such as testing their heart and lung endurance, predicting oxygen consumption , etc., comprehensively and objectively evaluate their health and physical condition, and then carefully choose the marathon schedule according to their own situation. Before the game, players need to scientifically formulate performance goals that suit them, make a good physical distribution plan, and feel and adjust during pre-match training. Ren Gang also suggested that when setting horse racing goals, it is best not to increase the weekly exercise volume by more than 10%. If it exceeds 15%, it is easy to get injured.
Huang Guangmin also emphasized the dietary preparation before horse racing. In addition to balanced nutrition and controlling the appropriate amount of meals, he also said that he should pay special attention to supplementing muscle glycogen reserves. Huang Guangmin introduced that sugar is the only thermal energy substance that can enter the blood-brain barrier, which directly affects the maintenance and enhancement of exercise capacity. Marathons have higher requirements for the quantity, quality, combination and time of supplementing sugar. In addition, it is also very important to replenish moisture in exercise. Sports drinks containing appropriate electrolytes and sugar-containing light salt water are better choices.
During the competition, you should try your best to discard the wrong running posture to avoid knee inversion and heels on the ground. Try to use your toes and midfoot to perform "elastic running" to reduce the impact on the knee.
△ Correct running posture can save physical strength and reduce the chance of injury.
If you are a long-distance running enthusiast, you may not have the medical supervision conditions like a professional athlete, but you can also use some sports equipment to observe your heart rate to timely understand the body's response to exercise, which is convenient for timely adjustment and control of the intensity of exercise and the rationality of exercise intervals.
Although each person's heart rate is different, generally speaking, the pulse of an adult in a calm state should be stable at 60 to 75 beats/minute. Only moderate exercise can make the heart rate reach 120 to 160 beats/minute; after exercise, generally adults can return to the initial heart rate within 10 to 30 minutes. If you find abnormal changes in the exercise center rate after long-term observation, you should find the cause in terms of exercise volume, exercise intensity and exercise intervals, and make reasonable adjustments.
7
When you should not run, don’t run
Master the correct "pose" to run horses, and also have a correct mentality. As an ordinary runner, there is no need to pursue "faster, higher and stronger" like an Olympian. Challenging extreme sports like horse racing, you must always "listen" to your body. Whether to run or not is up to your body. The most important thing is to always grasp your own sense of rhythm.
In addition to physical reasons, try not to run when air pollution occurs. Haze is very harmful to the lung function and heart function of the human body. Even if you wear a mask, pollutants will enter the respiratory tract. It is recommended that people who are not suitable for horse racing do not need to force themselves to run. The benefits of improving endurance level and improving cardiopulmonary ability brought by long-distance running are also available in other sports. Ren Gang recommends novices or older runners who can use brisk walking instead of running as a transition in the early stages of preparing to choose horse racing. This can not only achieve the fitness effect of exercising endurance and enhancing the heart and lungs, but generally there will be no major damage.
△Run is written in the human genes, but there is no such distance for marathons.
Produced by: Science and Technology Central Kitchen
Produced by: Beijing Science and Technology News | Beike Media
