"Tianwen-1" was successfully launched yesterday afternoon, and my country's Mars exploration journey officially began.
The closest planet to the earth is Mars. The diameter of
Mars is half that of the earth, and the surface area is equivalent to the land area of the earth. There is no liquid water. The gravity is equivalent to two-fifths of the earth. It has an atmosphere but is relatively thin. 1% of the concentration, the main component is carbon dioxide. There are ice layers in the north and south poles. Mars is red mainly because there is a lot of iron oxide on the surface.
Mercury, Mars, Venus, and the earth are compared in size to
. It seems that Mars is not suitable for human survival. There is no liquid water or oxygen, which is a necessity for survival.
Is there any creature that can make a home on Mars?
We can first look at organisms that do not like oxygen: anaerobes. The picture shows a kind of bacteria (M.formicicum) in the stomach and intestines of cows. They don't like oxygen and produce a lot of methane. In order to expel this methane, cows will continue to fart. This is also the root cause of environmentalists' attacks on the breeding industry.
The greenhouse effect of methane is 20-30 times that of carbon dioxide, which is one of the chief culprits of global warming. But isn't it just what I want when Mars gets warmer? In addition to bacteria that can produce methane, the direct reaction of carbon vapor and hydrogen can also produce methane.
Schematic diagram of the greenhouse effect
The atmosphere on Earth was initially free of oxygen, and its main components were methane and carbon dioxide. As the temperature increased, more water evaporated into the air. Under the solar ultraviolet radiation, the hydrogen in the water escapes into space. The oxygen remained and formed the atmosphere. The reaction of methane and oxygen can also produce carbon dioxide.
The production process of the earth’s atmosphere
Let’s look at the organisms that can produce oxygen: algae.
The main source of oxygen on the earth is from photosynthesis, except for ultraviolet radiation to break down water. Z1z
cyanobacteria are the earliest photosynthetic oxygen-evolving organisms, which have played a huge role in changing the surface of the earth from an oxygen-free atmosphere to an aerobic environment. There are many cyanobacteria (such as Anabaena) that can directly fix nitrogen in the atmosphere (but whether this function is useful on Mars remains to be seen) to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields.
cyanobacteria can also become people's food, such as the famous hair dish, common nostoc (earth fungus), spirulina and so on.
After eating a mouthful of green
cyanobacteria can not only live in water, but also in soil and rock formations, which makes them more capable of adapting to harsh environments.
also has the famous Snow Chlamydomonas , which made the glacier powdered some time ago, can secrete carotenoids and avoid ultraviolet sunburn,
and Dunaliella salina , which can grow in extreme environments, They are all algae capable of photosynthesis. With more oxygen,
can build an ozone barrier for organisms and block ultraviolet rays that are harmful to most organisms. In order to build an ecosystem of Mars. Pave the way for the development and utilization of Mars.
The soil of Mars can also be modified by biology to grow crops. Researchers at Wageningen University have found that earthworms can survive and multiply their offspring in an environment that mimics the soil of Mars. With them, soil improvement will definitely be on Mars. It will be green and full of life.
Of course, if you don’t make preparations, you can put the creature on it,
, but this is mainly to test the tolerance of the creature.
The water bear worm was the first to prove that it could survive in the universe, especially on Mars. As the representative of tardigrade animal , water bear insects are almost immortal. Whether it is high temperature, severe cold, vacuum, or radiation, it can’t do anything about it. Simple low temperature is as painless and itchy as an air-conditioned room. Water bears once lived in the ice for 30 years.
and all kinds of molds . In the laboratory on the International Space Station, the mold (Cryomyces antarcticus) from Victoria Highlands in Antarctica has lived for more than 18 months, and their living environment is basically the same as that of Mars.of. These creatures may not necessarily change the environment of Mars, but by studying them, we may be able to understand the secrets of living creatures in extreme environments.
So far, we have not found any creatures on Mars,
, but in various science fiction and movies, Martian has always been a popular protagonist.
"War against the Martian" is the earliest science fiction novel about the Martian. It was written by British writer HG Wells. Some characteristics of the Martian are also confirmed in this book: big head, high-tech, difficult to communicate .
The Martian laser weapon
"Martian Fun with the Earth" personally thinks it is the best Martian movie ever made. There are many big names in the film, and the plot is also very interesting. You can find it when you are free.
What do you mean?
Conclusion
The earth is the cradle of mankind, but we cannot stay in the cradle forever. Mars is like a living room, we took the first step tremblingly.
Space exploration will not produce results in a short time. It may take decades or hundreds of years.
But it's like "The Wandering Earth" said. There are tens of thousands of roads... I'm sorry to have joined the stage,
should be this sentence: no matter where the final result will lead human history, we decide, choose hope!
pays tribute to the Chinese astronauts!
Thank you for watching the source of
"Planetary and Space Science"
"Current Status of Radar Detection and Research on the Subsurface of Mars"
"Geological Features and Paleoenvironmental Significance of Yadan on the Surface of Mars"
Why are humans obsessed with detecting Mars?
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