led by Oxford University and with the participation of the Canary Institute of Astronomy (IAC), the research team used spectral data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-infrared instrument (MIRI) to discover that there is extremely special matter near the cosmic black hole. After research, it was surprisingly discovered that in the luminous galaxy region near the black hole, there is a tiny dust molecule called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Observation of PAH molecules in the innermost region of the galaxy is one of the best methods to study the impact of central black holes on the evolution of host galaxies. The dense gases in the center of the active galaxy and the cloud of dust absorb most of the visible light, so studying the formation of new stars within the visible light range has great limitations. However, infrared rays are not affected by tiny dust in the universe, and can see the central area of the galaxy's luminous light more clearly.
tip instrumentation
"JWST MIRI provides us with an excellent opportunity to observe galaxies in a way that has been impossible so far," explained a researcher who led the study and pursued his PhD at Oxford University. "PAH molecules are particularly interesting because they are rich in space and are one of the most widely distributed organic molecules in the universe. They are considered an important part of prebiotic compounds and may play a key role in the origin of life."
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are also important astronomical tools. When they are illuminated by stars, they create extremely bright emission bands in infrared light, allowing astronomers to not only track the formation activity of stars, but also use them as sensitive "barometers" of local physical conditions in interstellar medium . Therefore, they are key to studying how galaxies form and evolve.
The research team used the cutting-edge instrument of the Weber Telescope to characterize the PAH characteristics of the nuclear regions of three luminescent active galaxies for the first time. To do this, they compared the observations with the theoretical predictions of these molecules. The PAH model was developed by several physicochemical teams at Oxford University. Previous space observations and research work predicted the destruction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in active galaxies, but this study was surprisingly able to actually survive near black holes—even where high-energy photons could tear them apart. One reason that can explain this may be that the molecules are protected by a large number of molecular gases in the core area.
new data on the internal regions of active galaxies
"We look forward to confirming that the existence of black holes does affect the properties of PAH molecules, but we are happy to find that PAH molecules can survive even under these extremely harsh conditions," explained the scientists involved in the study. The study has attracted great interest from the wider astronomy community, especially for the teams that have conducted research from the formation of planets and stars to the most distant and weakest galaxies.
This work confirms that supermassive black hole has a significant impact on PAH molecules, which seriously limits the use of PAH molecules in detecting the speed at which active galaxies produce new stars. In particular, near the central black hole, the properties of these molecules are very different from those farther from in the active galaxy nucleus, and this effect is even stronger.
In this project study, it is key to obtain reliable knowledge about PAH molecules, especially for gas and dust-rich environments where traditional detection and research often fail due to the high "fuzziness". The discovery and preliminary research results of scientists using Weber telescope this time have broken the disadvantages of previous traditional research. Subsequently, studying more galaxies to study representative active galaxies is the key to scientists' pursuit of.
It can be imagined that this method will continue to be applied in the future research on the activities, torus and outflow surveys of Milky Way , which will be of great reference and reference significance for the use of these organic molecules to study the formation of stars in active galaxies and how to rely on the terrifying black holes in the central for operation.
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