Human beings have the spirit of exploration. When we were young, I asked my parents where they came from. Looking at the entire human civilization, we are still asking where the origin of human beings is? On October 3, the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was announced, and the award was exclusively won by Svante Pääbo.
mtppabo is known as "the modern man who understands Neanderthal the best". He was awarded the Nobel Prize for a series of pioneering studies on ancient humans, and in these studies the sequencing of Neanderthals has been repeatedly mentioned. I saw some netizens’ comments that were interesting and asked why Chinese scientists found no key evidence of “from fish to humans” and did not win the Nobel Prize?
cannot be said that this discovery has not made much contribution, but winning the Nobel Prize is not as easy as imagined. Being pioneering is very important, almost the same as the meaning of predecessors planting trees and then enjoying the shade. This is what Vante Parbo’s research is mainly to commend his discoveries on the genome and evolution of the extinct human beings. Vante Parbo's research has opened up a new field to a certain extent - paleogenetics, studying the comparison of the genome of ancient humans with modern human genes, thereby revealing the mystery of human evolution.
The path of human development and evolution
65 million years ago, an asteroid with a diameter of 10 kilometers hit the surface of the earth at a high speed, causing the dinosaurs that ruled the earth for 160 million years to disappear in the long river of history. In fact, it is the extinction of dinosaurs that gave mammals the opportunity to develop. Mammals existed in the dinosaur era, but under the "high pressure" of dinosaurs, there is no sufficient living space and survival resources to develop.
The extinction of dinosaurs also made the ecological niche for mammals, which allowed mammals to develop and rise rapidly, and followed the trend of primate , which appeared and developed under mammals.
Modern humans are all descendants of Homo sapiens , or our species is called Homo sapiens. Currently, only Homo sapiens species exists under the genus of humans, and other ancient humans have disappeared and extinct. The path of human development and evolution can be roughly divided into two trips to Africa. 15 million years ago, there was an animal called forest ape on the African continent, which was considered the ancestors of humans.
These Ancient Apes In order to provide food resources or better adapt to the living environment, some ancient apes walked down from the trees and began to walk upright and liberate their hands. This is more conducive to the invention and use of tools. A little bit of humans began to adapt to the way of walking upright.
About 2 million years ago, some ancient apes were no longer satisfied with the survival of the African continent. They began to leave Africa for the first time. The footprints of these ancient apes or ancient humans were spread all over the world. Because they had to face different living environments, under the long period of development and adaptation, different ancient humans appeared, such as Neanderthals, Thoreaus, Denisovans, , etc.
In this way, everyone survived happily in the environment they adapted to, and those ancient apes who did not choose to leave Africa are also developing and evolving, and Homo sapiens appeared in this context.
Homo sapiens, the ancestors of humans, guided them to go out of Africa for the second time, and their footprints began to spread throughout the world. Then one thing is inevitable, that is, the "collision" between the local ancient humans. In the final result, we have seen that all ancient humans except Homo sapiens have become extinct.
So were these ancient humans replaced or integrated by Homo sapiens? The Nobel Prize winner in 2022 gave us the answer. By sequencing the Neanderthal genome and then comparing it with the genome of modern humans, scientists found that 1%-4% of the Neanderthal genes are found in the human genes of modern Eurasian . This can also show that the origin of human development was not only in Africa, and other ancient humans also had a certain impact on the development of Homo sapiens.
Who is the starting point of "monkey" or "fish"?
A scholar once said: 6 million years ago, an ancient ape gave birth to two daughters, one became the ancestor of modern chimpanzees, and the other was the grandmother of humans. It can be said that humans evolved from ancient apes, but in fact they have nothing to do with monkeys. There is a misunderstanding here. Some netizens believe that humans evolved from monkeys and then asked new questions. Why don’t monkeys evolve into humans now?
In fact, the truth is very simple. Humans and monkeys can only be regarded as . is relatively close. If you keep tracing it back, you can find a common ancestor, but it cannot be said that monkeys have evolved into people today. In fact, when Darwin just proposed the theory of species evolution, some people used this to mock Darwin, and some posters portrayed Darwin as a "human and monkey".
Humans evolved from ancient apes, but ancient apes are not the starting point of human evolution. Some time ago, Chinese scientists discovered the key evidence of "from fish to humans", and some netizens were very surprised. Why did humans evolve from ancient apes to now become humans evolved from fish?
In fact, many netizens have mistakes in their understanding. Fundamentally, the biological evolution of the earth follows the process from simple to complex, from aquatic to terrestrial, from low to high. It can be said that all living things on the earth's land have evolved from water. It is not that fish evolved directly into humans, but that fish began to land in the development process from meat-finned fish and eventually developed limbs to adapt to land life. It can be said that all four-legged vertebrates on land have developed from the former meat-finned fish.
In fact, if you really want to trace the starting point, you can reach a simple single-cell life 3.8 billion years ago.
text/scientific black hole, the picture source is from the Internet to delete if infringes.
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