How fast is the speed of light? The last second you watched the sunrise on Earth, and the next second was near the moon's orbit. It took more than 100 hours for human probes to go to the moon's orbit.
If humans fly at the speed of light, we have sailed for more than 40 light years since the launch of the Voyager in 1977.
Earth and sunlight
But this may be just a daydream. The fastest created by humans is only infinitely approaching the speed of light. The one that accomplishes this feat is particles, not macroscopic objects.
So, is there a speed in the universe that is faster than the speed of light? What is the maximum speed limit?
Flying at the speed of light
Fast speed of light
Mankind realized the importance of light very early on. As early as in ancient , people would feel that the sky had fallen when there was no sun, so regarded the sun as their totem , Ancient Egyptian , Maya civilizations and our country's Sanxingdui civilizations all regarded the sun as their beliefs.
For the first time, people have a deep understanding of the light Newton used prism to create the first artificial rainbow . At that moment, Newton realized that light is actually a "mixture" .
Newton also believed that light is composed of seven-color particles. The rainbow appears because the particles fall into different areas.
prism and rainbow
Another scientist who studies springs Hook believes that light is a wave , which can stretch and shorten. The appearance of seven-color light is actually because they are stretched to varying degrees.
Newton and Hook are actually right, but not completely right. The combination of is the real light , which has both particle characteristics and wave characteristics. This is called wave-particle duality .
Since light is a wave, then the wave of is with velocity, frequency, and wavelength. After that, scientists conducted a thorough analysis of light.
When light shines over
In fact, as early as 1676, astronomer Orle Romer found that the speed of light is very fast, and it only takes about 1 second to fly 9,000 miles.
During this period, people have not yet determined the nature of light. Scientists led by the Paris Observatory opposed its theory of speed of light, but Ole Romer received support from scientists such as Newton and .
It is from this point on that the concept of rapid light has penetrated into the minds of every physicist.
The first Ole Romer to measure the speed of light
, and the real makes the speed of light the kingly speed is Einstein , he pointed out that no matter which system is in, the speed of light remains unchanged.
Einstein's theory gave birth to a new concept - Time and space , The founder of modern time travel dramas is . Without the theory of relativity of the god of love, all time travel dramas have no science fiction theory support, which makes people feel fake.
But once Einstein's theory was introduced, then will become reasonable no matter what time travels .
Einstein and his mass-energy equation
In the view of time and space of Einstein, reaches 98% of the speed of light and can actually travel through time and space and see what happened in the past.
At the same time, Einstein concluded based on the variation of his equation that has no matter that can surpass the speed of light . If we want to reach the speed of light, we have to pay the price of infinite mass . Obviously, the universe does not have infinite matter.
So, can humans really not exceed the speed of light?
curvature engine designed by humans
is difficult to surpass
Humans are macroscopic matter , not only cannot exceed the speed of light, even reaches 1% of the speed of light . What is really close to the speed of light are those microscopic particles .
uses an electric field to accelerate charged particles, allowing them to reach faster speeds, and uses a magnetic field to control their running trajectory, ultimately achieving the desired effect.
The fastest particle speed accelerated by humans infinitely approaches 99.99% of the speed of light . can never truly become the speed of light . The fastest macro aircraft of is Parker solar detector , and the fastest speed is .72 million kilometers per hour . This speed is really that even the exhaust gas of the speed of light cannot be seen.
Particle Accelerator
Moreover, even if humans really reach the speed of light, it is very difficult to explore the universe in , because humans still have one problem that is difficult to overcome, that is time.
The distance in the universe can no longer be measured with common kilometers. It requires the use of an astronomical number - light-years .
km is limited to one star system . is used when when it involves the distance between stars, light-year should be used.
Our neighbor Proxima
For example, the distance from our neighbor star to the earth is 4.2 light-year , and it took more than 4 years to fly at the speed of light. At this time, humans can still accept .
Then, for example, Super Earth Glitzer 581g, its distance from the earth is 21 light years, and after 21 years of arrival, the youth becomes middle-aged.
Another super earth Kepler 22b, 638 light-years away from the earth html , fly over at the speed of light, has to start flying from Ming Dynasty , no one can live for such a long time.
What's more, it is impossible to reach the speed of light, at least we can't do it now.
Earth and Kepler 22b
Exceeding the speed of light
The speed of light is the fastest speed of human beings , , but not the fastest speed of the universe , because the speed of light cannot be completed in two aspects:
The first is that cannot escape the gravity of the black hole , and the other is that cannot catch up with the pace of expansion of the universe .
Black hole is a celestial body in the universe. It has a large mass but a small size and a particularly large density. Any matter will be attracted to it when it is close to it, and light is no exception.
At first, people believed that light would not be attracted by any celestial bodies , because it has been confirmed that photon has no static mass . According to the gravity of Niu Jue, the mass of both sides is required.
Black hole swallows light
But Einstein believes that gravity is not produced by mass, it is the space around the celestial body that has been bent, causing the surrounding space to be concave.
photon has no static mass, but it is matter. When it approaches gravitational field , it will fall down along the curved space.
The general gravitational field is too weak . Even if there is a slight deflection, it is difficult to find that only if the gravitational field is large enough can the linear propagation of light be changed, such as neutron star and black holes.
gravity field
This is like whirlpool on the surface of a river. Photons are leaves floating on the river surface. The leaves are attracted into the vortex, so we can't see the leaves.
Similarly, the black hole absorbs light into , and we cannot see the light it emits, so the black hole looks dark to humans.
The light cannot escape the "Wuzhishan" of the black hole . There is material inside the black hole that is faster than the speed of light, but we can't see it. After the light enters, it may become this species.
There is also an existence that exceeds the speed of light, that is, The speed of the universe expansion .
Under the universe
Light is generated during the Big Bang. If we call the point of the explosion of the universe the starting point , then the boundary of the U is the end point of the explosion .
The universe we observe is not the end point of Big Bang , because for a long time after the explosion, the expansion speed is greater than the speed of light.
Light is trying to catch up with the boundaries of the universe , so the universe we see and is not the real universe , is just a part of the universe .
The evidence that the expansion speed is greater than the speed of light is that redshift , means that in the expansion space, light is lengthened by .
Light wave is lengthened
Scientists have verified that light is a wave. When it is lengthened, the color will tend to red, and gradually leave the visible area, becoming infrared ray .
If the speed of light is faster than the speed of expansion of the universe, then the light in the universe should be compressed, and it will appear blue shift , but the light in the universe is red shifted, which means that light has not caught up with the expanded space .
Whether it is blue or red shift, the light we can see will disappear, so astronomer Hubble once said that humans can actually observe fewer and fewer galaxies.
Visual Universe
Fast and Passion
Human speed is too slow for the universe. Some astronomers are pessimistic about the relationship between humans and the universe. They believe that the universe has been determined long ago, and we humans are just one of the processes .
It's like your and my ending is already destined. Maybe the road ahead is a road of no return, but we don't know that is still moving forward with hope .
Doesn’t you feel very desperate? universe is as cold as its temperature . If it weren’t for and dust , the temperature of the universe would be absolutely zero, and dust has become the source of the universe’s “warmth”.
Dust in the universe
But who can deny that human beings are not the dust in the universe?
Human beings are considered matter to the universe, We are also the product of the Big Bang , and our mass comes from the energy of the Big Bang.
As a representative of human beings, Voyagers 1 and 2 are moving towards the space of the universe. They are also chasing the universe, like croakers and big trees.
Flying to the universe
Interestingly, Einstein's theory of relativity only talks about going back to the past, but does not talk about going to the future, because the future is always one step faster than humans.
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