At present, more than 660 invasive alien species have been discovered in China, threatening local species and ecosystems -
Say "no" to invade foreign species
A strange fish called " crocodile gar " was surrounded by professionals for several days; the bright and bright Canadian yellow flower has the nickname of "ecological killer"; "It is bigger than field snail , and the eggs are pink", Fushou snail can be seen everywhere in the fields... Recently, the topic of invasion of alien species has caused heated discussion.
How did alien species invade? How harmful is it? How to prevent and treat accurately and effectively? Starting from August 1 this year, the " Management Measures for the Management of Invasive Alien Species " will be officially implemented. Experts suggest that supervision should be strengthened from the source, strictly control the entry of foreign species, and jointly build a biosecurity barrier.
How many foreign invasive species are known?
- Among the more than 660 invasive alien species found in China, 215 have invaded national nature reserve , threatening local species and ecosystems
"What kind of strange fish is this? Can it be eaten?" "It looks fierce, will it hurt people?" Recently, many places across the country have reported the discovery of crocodile gars. Many people are curious about this new alien invasion species.
The crocodile gar is not "good". According to reports, the alligator gar is native to North American and is a freshwater giant carnivorous fish. It is the largest of the seven species of gars in North America. It can grow up to 3 meters, has a strong reproductive ability, and has a "great appetite". As long as it is a living thing in the water, it eats almost all. The hard fish scale is enough to protect it from the threat of various ferocious carnivores. Its meat is highly toxic and inedible.
"As a foreign invasive species, alligator gar is at the top of the aquatic food chain after entering the country." Liu Wanxue, director of the Key Laboratory of Foreign Invasive Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said, "Once it enters natural waters, it is likely to cause the local water ecosystem to suffer a catastrophe." At present, various places have launched a campaign to capture alligator gars.
There are many invasive alien species similar to crocodile gar, some of which are distributed in urban residential areas. "Every time it rains heavily, many brown cloud agate snails will appear under the dead leaves of the flower bed, which is commonly known as ' African Big Snail '." Zhang Muchen, who lives in Shenzhen, told reporters, "It is said that this snail is like the Fushou snail. It has hundreds of parasites and bacteria, and is an invasive alien species. Sometimes my child is playing in the park, and I will remind her not to touch this snail."
What is invasive alien species? According to the definition of IUCN , alien species are populations established in natural and semi-natural ecosystems and habitats. When they change and harm local biodiversity, they are an invasive alien species, and the harm caused is alien invasion. According to statistics, about 10% of alien species can reproduce by themselves in new ecosystems, and about 10% of alien species that can reproduce by themselves can cause biological disasters and become invasive alien species, that is, 1% of alien species become invasive alien species.
China is one of the countries with the most severe harm to foreign species invasion. According to the "2020 China Ecological Environment Status Bulletin" released by Ministry of Ecology and Environment in May last year, more than 660 invasive alien species have been discovered nationwide. Among them, 71 species have posed or posed potential threats to natural ecosystems and have been included in the " list of invasive alien species in China ". Among the more than 660 invasive alien species, the most are invasive plants, with 370 species, accounting for more than half; the second is animals, with 220 species, accounting for 1/3.
"Invasive species have caused serious harm to domestic planting, forestry, animal husbandry, etc.." Liu Wanxue said, "Invasion of alien species is one of the important reasons for the loss of biodiversity and extinction of species, and is also one of the factors that threaten global food security." How harmful is
?
—In the past decade, China's invasive species have increased rapidly, causing serious ecological damage and biological pollution, and endangering the development of the agricultural and forestry economy. How did alien invasive species enter China?
According to reports, the sources of invasive alien species are divided into natural diffusion, unintentional introduction and intentional introduction.
is usually introduced unintentionally with international trade , such as poplar mosaic virus introduced with seedlings and cuttings, long-beam amaranth accidentally brought with imported cereals and oil, goods or luggage, and purple stem zelan entering China from Southeast Asia through natural spread. "In the past 10 years, China's invasive species have increased rapidly, with an average increase of 2 species per year. The main reason is that with the implementation of the domestic reform and opening up policy, frequent exchanges with foreign economies, trade, transportation, culture, tourism, etc. have occurred, and a large number of goods and personnel have poured into the country, which has significantly increased the opportunity for carrying invasion." said Xu Xinjie, deputy chairman of the Henan Provincial Society of Zoology .
Another type is intentionally introduced, such as tail amaranth and chrysanthemum, introduced as a vegetable, Canadian yellow flower and Brazilian turtle, introduced as an ornamental species, yangjinhua , introduced as a medicinal plant , and introduced as a breeding species, bullfrog , chrysanthemum (crawfish), etc.
Xu Xinjie reminds that as people's living standards improve, the number of people raising peculiar pets has increased rapidly, and e-commerce online trading platforms have also developed rapidly, making online and offline purchases more convenient. E-type pets spread to the natural environment through abandonment, release and escape, which will also cause unforeseen species invasion.
" Raising strange pets is related to personal preferences and ecological security." Industry insiders told reporters that some pet enthusiasts illegally purchase new strange pets without natural distribution from abroad may not only carry animal and plant epidemics, but also because there is no natural enemy suppression, once they escape or are abandoned, it is very likely to destroy the ecosystem. It can be seen that the potential risk of invasion of alien species in the alien pet industry should not be underestimated, and prevention work should not be careless.
How harmful are foreign invasive species?
First, it may cause serious ecological damage and biological pollution, leading to loss of biodiversity. . Ma Fangzhou, associate researcher at the Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, introduced that most alien species will explode after a successful invasion, causing serious biological pollution. "For example, the alien species giant algae and North American Haipengzi can compete with the indigenous saline plant mangroves on the southeast coast of my country, causing the reduction of mangrove resources or even extinction, which seriously damages the local biodiversity." Ma Fangzhou said, "In addition, some alien invasive species will also hybridize with local related near-source species, interfering with and polluting the genetic diversity of local species ."
Second, it is easy to cause ecological disasters and endanger the development of the agricultural and forestry economy. Ma Fangzhou introduced that, for example, the American white moth , native to North America, invaded China in 1979, and more than 100 local plants were harmed in the pest-occurring areas in Liaoning Province alone. "For example, the tobacco , which is among the 100 malignant invasive alien species announced by the World Union for Conservation of Nature, is the main invasive pest of , a field crop of , and can spread more than 70 viruses. The tobacco tummy has spread to most parts of the country, with the annual area of victimized crops reaching tens of millions of acres." Ma Fangzhou said.
Third, it may endanger the health of human livestock. For example, ragweed pollen can cause "dry grass fever"; Fushou snails can cause infection of parasites such as Guangzhou Tube Circular Nematode in the human body, and in severe cases, it can cause dementia or even death; after livestock accidentally eat purple stems and leaves, it will cause diarrhea and asthma, and after pollen and enter the eyes and nose of livestock, it will cause erosion and pus, and may even lead to death. How to prevent and treat
?
- Prevent from the source, strengthen port prevention and control, implement governance and repair in a classified manner
China has always attached importance to the prevention and control of foreign species. It announced the "List of Invasive Alien Species in China" in four batches in 2003, 2010, 2014 and 2016, and the prevention and control efforts have been increasing year by year. On April 22 this year, the fourth executive meeting of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs reviewed and passed the "Measures for the Management of Invasive Alien Species" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures"), and it was officially implemented on August 1 this year with the approval of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and the General Administration of Customs.
Relevant person in charge of the Science and Technology Education Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs introduced that the Measures stipulate the source prevention, monitoring and early warning, governance and restoration of invasive alien species, and further strengthen the prevention and control of invasive alien species from all links and build a full-chain prevention and control system. "The introduction of the Measures has provided laws to prevent the invasion of alien species, and provides policy guarantees for the prevention and control of foreign species invasion in my country." Liu Wanxue said.
How to prevent and manage invasion of alien species in the future?
first regulates introduction management. According to a relevant person in charge of the Science and Technology Education Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, if crops, forest and grass seed seedlings, aquatic seedlings and other foreign species are introduced from abroad due to special needs such as variety cultivation, import approval and quarantine approval shall be handled in accordance with the approval authority. If it is the first time to introduce, the introduced unit shall conduct a risk analysis and submit a risk assessment report to the approval department.
At the same time, the Measures propose that customs should strengthen port prevention and control, crack down on illegal activities such as illegal introduction, carrying, mailing, and smuggling of foreign species, and deal with discovered invasive alien species in accordance with the law.
In addition, domestic quarantine will be strengthened. The competent departments of agriculture, rural areas, forestry and grassland at or above the county level shall strengthen quarantine supervision of the cross-regional transportation of crops and forestry and grass seeds, plant products, aquatic seedlings, etc. to prevent the spread of invasive alien species.
must not only prevent and also manage and repair. According to the Measures, the control of invasive foreign plants can be carried out according to the actual situation during critical growth periods such as the seedling stage, flowering stage or fruiting stage, such as manual removal, mechanical eradication, spraying green agents, and releasing biological natural enemies. In the management of pests and diseases invaded by foreign invasions, measures such as the selection of pest-resistant varieties, seedling pretreatment, physical removal, chemical extermination, and biological control of pests and diseases should be taken to effectively prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Targeted fishing and other measures should be taken to prevent their further spread of the hazards.
"No matter whether it has invasive characteristics or not, foreign species shall not be introduced without approval, nor shall it be discarded at will." A relevant person in charge of the Science and Technology Education Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs introduced that the Biosafety Law stipulates that no unit or individual shall introduce, release or discard foreign species without approval; Yangtze River Protection Law stipulates that it is prohibited to breed or release foreign species or other non-local species in the open waters of the Yangtze River basin; Criminal Law stipulates that if illegally introduce, release or discard foreign invasive species in violation of national regulations and violates national regulations, and the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or detention, and shall be fined alone.
Source: People's Daily Overseas Edition
Process Editing: TF016
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