The significance of literature review
The so-called literature review refers to the comments and narratives made by researchers on a certain field or on a certain issue and on this basis. Literature reviews play a very important role in academic research, especially in large papers.
Whether the topic selection of the paper is reasonable and feasible, and the quality of the final paper depends to a large extent on the quality of the previous literature review. The purpose of literature review or the significance of literature review is as follows:
1. Understanding the research topic
Literature review can familiarize researchers and other readers with the evolution, latest progress and existing problems in the existing research field on a certain issue. Since literature reviews are written after the writer reads and analyzes literature related to a certain issue, by reading literature reviews, people can efficiently and accurately understand the past, present and future of a research topic.
2. Reference research methods
Literature review can learn from other people's good research methods and understand how others define key concepts. The literature in the literature review is not all high-quality, but through comparison, you can also find those truly high-quality and good works, so as to learn the good research methods, thinking paths of predecessors, and understand how others define certain key concepts.
3. Discover the problems in the research
Literature review can find shortcomings and unsolved problems in existing research, and clarify the problems of future research and the direction of thinking. Any academic research should be an incremental accumulation of knowledge rather than simply a stock activation. Frying cold rice is a taboo in academic research.
However, any research is conducted on the basis of predecessors. Literature reviews can enable researchers to fully discover the shortcomings, defects and possibilities of improvement of others' existing research, thereby providing questions for their future research and determining the direction of thinking.
Methods for literature review
1. Determine the research topic
Modern legal literature is vast, so it is very important to determine the research topic of literature review. Because such a topic is likely to be the topic of future research. Of course, a real research topic may or may be larger than the topic of the literature review.
Determine the size of the subject of the literature review to consider time and literature factors. If the topic is too large, because the total amount of literature involved is too large and there are too many problems involved, it will not be completed in a short period of time. If the topic is too small, there will be too few documents and the significance of the review will be lost. Of course, it is a good way to ask teachers and discuss with classmates and friends.
2. Collect literature
(1) original literature and second-hand literature. The essential difference between the original documents and second-hand or even third-hand and fourth-hand documents is the difference in credibility. The original documents have higher credibility, while second-hand is worse, and third-hand and fourth-hand documents are even worse.
To determine whether a document belongs to the original document, the following factors can be considered:
Whether the issue discussed is a question of the country where the author is located. The issues of British law written by British scholars and the issues of Chinese law written by Chinese scholars can be the original documents. In principle, the German law issues written by British scholars or the British law issues written by German scholars are second-hand documents.
Of course, it is not ruled out that the thinker like Tocqueville , although he is a Frenchman, has written "On American Democracy" to become a classic document.
The first document in this field or a landmark document. The first document of can be confirmed through publication time, while landmark documents should be displayed through citation rates. Such as CSSCI citations, CNKI citations, etc.
Author reputation factor. has a high academic reputation and reputation, and the literature of scholars who cherish their feathers very much belongs to the original literature. Of course, it is not ruled out that it is actually difficult to bear the reputation.
The old and new level. The newer the information and data used in a document in , the greater the possibility that the article belongs to the original document. Of course, this does not mean that there is no need to consider a previous version of a book.
Publishing House reputation. Although domestic publishers are not as well-known as Western publishers in terms of reputation, they are also recognized. For example, Commercial Press , Sanlian Bookstore, Law Publishing House, etc. Americans such as West, Havard Press, Litter & Brown Press. Cambridge Press, Oxford Press, Sweet&Maxwell Press, etc. in the UK.
(2) Articles and books are equally important. Since most of the papers have been online, they can be retrieved through the corresponding database. Many students try to save trouble and just collect documents and articles on the Internet, rather than contrasting related books.
Collecting literature has made equal emphasis on articles and books, and electronic documents and paper documents. In books, you should look at both special works (doctoral thesis, professor qualification thesis, etc.), as well as various textbooks.
3. Read the literature
for screening and classification;
first read the original literature and then read the second-hand literature. This can avoid preconceived mistakes, especially when researchers are still unfamiliar with this field;
reads new documents first, and then reads old documents. This is because later documents often contain the content of the previous documents, and following this method can help you understand the corresponding knowledge more quickly.
4. Writing of literature review
(1) for a review. When reading documents in , you should "not read without writing or writing", mark and record the key points, create a folder in the computer, and record the problems, goals, methods, conclusions, existing problems and improvements studied in each document according to different problems. Be sure to record the source of the document.
(2) to write. Establish the system. After reading and analyzing literature materials, we must establish the architecture of literature review, that is, we must have a clear idea of what issues to discuss first and then what issues to discuss. When writing, the literature must be summarized and cannot be simply copied.
In addition to an overview of other people's achievements, it is important to pay attention to analysis, comparison and comparison, and make suggestions.
Because literature review is not simply a review and explanation of existing research results, but rather a new research position and research direction for oneself, we must focus on judging and analyzing the pros and cons of existing research.
Several misunderstandings
Because I don’t understand the purpose and significance of the literature review, I think that writing a literature review is to simply list various opinions and articles to show my understanding of a certain topic or topic. Therefore, some students will fall into the following misunderstandings when writing a literature review:
1. No problem awareness
When writing, I think a lot, I don’t analyze, organize and think about the literature, nor do I know that there are problems. Literature reviews such as
do not have much guiding role in the next step of research, they are just a simple reading notes or reading list. Literature review does not mean adding scissors to paste, but requires comparison, analysis and independent judgment.
For example, for a literature review on whether the behavior of property rights should be recognized in my country's legal law, we will first introduce the affirmative statement and its reasons, and then introduce the negative statement and its reasons, and then compare the similarities and differences between the affirmative statement and the negative statement and their respective pros and cons, and find new research directions or new reasons.
2. Like to copy
Literature reviews mostly excerpts others' words, and do not summarize others' opinions by themselves, and use their own words to summarize the central ideas of other people's literature.
3. Be lazy and afraid of hardship and fatigue
holds a mentality of completing tasks. It is not to do its best to collect papers, monographs, textbooks, cases, precedents, etc., but simply find a few articles. The data collection is not comprehensive, and the views of many important scholars and important papers are not reflected.
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