article: public account and headline number released at the same time
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In January 2019, I created my official account. I have been working hard for more than two years. At most, I wrote 14 original articles in a week. The update is now. The frequency is one long story a week, constantly updated, and more than 3 million words have been written. The content mainly covers current affairs, politics, international relations, history, culture, religion, philosophy, finance, macroeconomics, and real estate. I have published the long article here, and the follow-up chapters can go to my public account to get a glimpse, just search for Kankan Kankan.
The previous article about Judaism 's " Tanakh " became a classic of the early Christianity and was established as a branch of Tanah Judaism. The "Old Testament" of the Christian Bible organizes the contents of after the birth of Jesus into the "New Testament".
There are 27 books in the New Testament, consisting of four gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John), a church history book (Acts), It is composed of 21 letters of the apostles and one book of Revelation.
A person who teaches religion in Judaism is called a Rabbi, or a Jewish teacher or teacher, and has a high status among Jews. Usually, the believers can go to Rabbi for guidance when they are confused.
When Jews are three or four years old, the rabbis will start teaching Tanakh, and their mothers will also be responsible for the children’s recitation of Tanakh. , The Jewish nation is known as one of the smartest nations in the world (the Chinese nation is also equated with it), and it is inseparable from family and school education. Studies have shown that children begin to recite before school age, and this seemingly test-oriented education contributes to the development of memory. Students in my country and Israel have obviously better memory than students in European and American countries that do not pay attention to memorization.
Jews in modern Israel and other countries in the world still maintain the way of learning Tanakh from their ancestors, but Jesus, who was around 30 years old, preached to his disciples and traditions The Jewish rabbis were different. Because of the different methods, they gradually deviated from the origin of the Jewish religion at the core of the sect . Only then would they be regarded as a cult in the eyes of the conservative Jews at the time, and later in the preaching and Only after the large-scale increase in the number of believers did they become independent and self-contained.
Although Jesus was not like the rabbis of Jewish teachers at the time,Excessive emphasis is placed on recitation-style oral teaching, and he emphasizes application and learning in life together; but Jesus’ teaching also has a side that is easy to memorize, such as picture-scenario-style lectures.
The apostle's external preaching (kerygma), the worship hymns (hymns) where the believers gather together, the creed (creeds) to the first believers (paradosis), the story of Jesus to the first apostle The teachings (kathechesis or didache), which form part of the New Testament of the Bible.
The above-mentioned preaching was originally led by the apostles themselves. Teach according to the inspiration of the Holy Spirit and the needs of believers. Later, different "oral forms" materials gradually formed in the church. As the church gradually grew, apostles were taught, deacons and missionaries were added. Later, the believers were forced to disperse, coupled with the preaching of missionaries, and many of the accumulated core materials of oral transmission were passed to the churches. In this way, a variety of core oral materials form "traditional" materials (paradidomi/tradition) in the church.
When these letters were written, they were about twenty years away from Pentecost (about 50 AD). The content of the letter is not to tell the words and deeds of Jesus, but to teach and exhort the church at the time. It can be seen that before the oral tradition was recorded, written letters existed among the churches (2 Peter 3:15-16).
We can also know the existence of some oral traditions from these letters; including creeds (1 Corinthians 15:3-6),Hymns (Philippians 2:5-11; Col 1:14-20; Ephesians 1:6-10, etc.), rituals (1 Corinthians 16:21), agreement (Gas 2:8), etc.
About ten years later (about 60 AD), the earliest Gospel in the New Testament (usually considered the Gospel of Mark) was written. Later gospels directly or indirectly refer to and quote these written materials. Luke specifically explained in the preface: "There are many people who have written pens and written statements...", it can be seen that some people have written oral traditions before him, and he also "reviewed" these materials in detail before "in order." Write down the "Gospel of Luke" and the "Book of Acts". The "Acts" includes the preaching of many apostles and describes the life of the church at that time. It can be seen that the "Oral Tradition" became the "Written Tradition" under the supervision of the apostles.
The "Bible" mentioned in the New Testament refers to the Old Testament (2 Timothy 3:16; 2 Peter 3:16). However, the earliest believers took Jesus Christ as the supreme authority. The focus of the apostles’ preaching was how Jesus Christ fulfilled the laws of the Old Testament and the prophet . Later, the churches seemed to have some letters from the apostles (2 Peter 3:16), which were also regarded as authority. In the second century (when all the apostles had died), many New Testament scriptures had been accepted as "canon", although a small number of churches also included the book of Clement, , Barnabas. , The Black Horse Book, the Twelve Apostles' legacy is also listed as the "canon."In the third century, Eusebius, a church historian, collected the opinions of the church on the "canon of the New Testament" in his famous book "Ecclesiastical History" (AD325): The canon of the covenant> is divided into three parts: 22 books have been recognized as "canon"; namely the four gospels, Acts, Paul epistles (including Hebrews), 1 John, 1 Peter , Revelation, five books are generally accepted, although some churches do not accept them, including: James, Jude, 2 Peter, John 2 and 3, five are forged: including Acts of Paul, Dark Horse Book, Revelation of Peter, Book of Barnabas, The Twelve Apostles. From the record of Ayennesius (AD 367), the twenty-seven books of the New Testament canon have been officially accepted.
By figuring out the order in which the Bible "New Testament" was written, we can understand the proportion of the Judaism scriptures. The way Jesus preached is the way of Judaism, and in the subsequent hundreds of years of development, The apostles of Jesus, the apostles and the process of preaching to the believers, and derived a lot of new content, and finally formed the "New Testament." In the long years, because of the historical development of various nations and countries, three major factions have been separated-Roman Catholicism (Catholic), Protestantism and Orthodox Church. I think one of the reasons why the number of preachers in Judaism is far less than that of Christianity is xenophobia!
On the Christian side, first of all, the way Jesus preached was different from that of traditional Judaism, and the age when he was born and grew up was deeply influenced by Greek culture. The Christian Bible ( The New Testament and the Old Testament) were written in Greek. Compared with the "Tanakh" written in Hebrew, the Greek language became the Ganges from the Mediterranean to the Middle East to India at that time with the prosperity of the Greek Empire. , These regions all use Greek , a universal language, which laid a linguistic foundation for the spread of religion. Although Judaism later translated "Tanakh" into Greek, the Jewish people's unfriendliness with foreigners also made them less attractive to Christianity.
In the era of underdeveloped human technology, there were very, very few atheists.The worship of gods can be seen everywhere, depending on which religious sect is more popular in preaching. Jesus and his apostles are obviously masters in this field. They chose a large piece of Judaism that is easy to win the hearts of the people, and optimized on this basis, incorporating more concepts that fit the way of thinking of people in that era. .
And after the death of Jesus and his apostles, the religious personnel who succeeded him were the most knowledgeable group of people at the time. They then compiled the "Acts of the Apostles". "It records the preaching and martyrdom of Jesus Christ after his resurrection, appearance to his disciples, and ascension to heaven. It further erected a higher image of Jesus and his disciples in the hearts of local people.
After the prosperous end of ancient Greece, it ushered in the rule of Roman Empire , and they translated the original Greek bible.
Remarks: Latin was originally a dialect of the Latim region in central Italy, and later expanded to the common European language with the expansion of the Roman Empire and the spread of Catholicism, it is still . span4span is used.
The Roman Empire has a vast territory and has ruled the Mediterranean countries for more than 500 years with a sound legal and administrative system. Over the past five hundred years, Christianity has completely taken root in all the countries in this area.That's why the Roman Catholic Church (Catholic) has such a great influence, and the Pope-ruled Holy See is located in the Vatican, the country within Rome, China. This is inseparable from the prosperity of the Roman Empire. Religion was also a very good cultural output at the time. Believing in the same religion can shorten the distance between different countries.
From the end of the 4th century AD, using 's demise of the Western Roman Empire , the bishop of took the opportunity to seize the land. In 555 AD, East Roman Empire regained the entire territory of Italy, and Justinian the Great granted the actual rule of Rome to the bishop of Rome. The bishop of Rome declared that the Vatican itself was the "pope", and built St. Peter's Basilica and Vatican Palace . The Carolingian Palace was added in the 8th century. King of the Frankish Kingdom Pepin To reward the Pope for helping him seize the throne, he sent troops to Italy twice in 754 and 756 to defeat the Lombard , and in 756 he sent Rome and its surrounding area to the Pope. Historically known as " Piping donated soil ". The power of the pope continued to expand day by day. A "Papal State" with the Pope as its monarch and Rome as its capital emerged in central Italy, with a direct jurisdiction of more than 40,000 square kilometers. In 1377 the Vatican Palace became the main residence of the Pope.
Christianity ,Jesus began preaching in Israel and Palestine area in the first century AD (the first year is the birth year of Jesus). It was originally a new sect of Judaism and was regarded as a heresy by the conservatives of Judaism at the time. After persecution in many ways, at first Christians were all Jews (Jesus was also a Jew).
"Christ" is the Greek Messiah (Savior). At that time, a Messianic prophecy was preached among the Jews, which roughly means that the Jews will come out like ancient times. The famous king David (a Jewish national hero in the 11th century BC, established Jewish kingdom and set the capital of Jerusalem) to realize the "kingdom of God".
About 28 AD, according to this legend, Jesus called himself the King of the Jews and called himself the Son of God and Messiah, but Judaism never recognized Jesus as the Messiah. As a result, Jesus was arrested by the Roman government and crucified (crucifixion was just a cruel way of execution by the Roman government).
After the death of Jesus, Jesus’ disciples continued to preach Christianity and changed their preachers from the original “Jews” to “non-Jews”, especially Jesus’ disciples Peter and Paul. Leading the "Christian Apostles" to preach, Paul used words to compile Christian doctrines into the Bible "New Testament". Therefore, mainstream academic circles believe that Paul is the actual founder of Christianity.
early in the second century,Christianity calls itself Catholicism and breaks away from Judaism in all aspects. The Catholic Church believes that the church was founded by Jesus.
Since then, Christianity has started the development of various schools in the church, while the decline of the Catholic Church is from the span of 4 _span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span_span After the translation, on the basis of Martin Luther's reformation doctrine, I took advantage of the situation to turn Protestantism into the state religion of the United Kingdom. You can go to see ("Queen Elizabeth I of the Tudor Dynasty, and the Influence of Her Father and Mother on Later Generations").
4span4span4span Based on it, it was founded in the Arabian Peninsula. It was nearly 700 years later than Christianity.
"Islam" is an Arabic transliteration, meaning "obedience" and "peace", referring to obedience and belief in the unique Lord Allah and his will who created the universe, and believes in Islam. People are collectively referred to as "Muslims",It means "submissive".
Islam believes that Muhammad is the last sealed messenger of Allah (that is, God, Jehovah) (Christianity calls Jesus the Son of God), "span" _1span 4span Muhammad declared the last and most complete classic to mankind.
The difference between Mohammed and Jesus is that he not only preached, but also around 622 AD, in Medina replaced the Muslim tribe with blood relations. , Established a political and religious regime in the form of " 乌玛" (meaning "nation", "state"), and Muhammad became the supreme leader of religion, politics, military and justice in Medina. Through constant warfare, Mohammed basically unified the Arabian Peninsula and forced the people to believe in Islam, so that Islam continued to flourish and became the national religion of the Arab nation, and then as the spiritual source of a feudal empire, and then as a spiritual source of a feudal empire. A worldwide religious, cultural and political force.
At this time, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam reached the seventh century AD, and they all leapt onto the world stage.
span1 1Compared with the multi-ethnic congregation owned by Christianity, Islam has mainly developed among the Arab peoples, and as mentioned before, the Arab peoples are also called "Edoms", and they all consider themselves the eldest son of Abraham (Judaism considers the bastard) The descendants of Ishmael, so they will certainly recognize the description of Abraham in Tanakh.
The figure below is a horizontal comparison of the three religions. The date of the founding of Judaism here is the 13th century BC, counting from Moses, but if counting from Abraham , Then it has to be counted as the 20th century BC.
three religions is the same as the main point:
1. degree believe in the One God (God). It’s just that they are called differently. Judaism calls it "Yawei", Christianity calls it "Jehovah", and Islam calls it "Allah".
2. They all honor Abraham (Ibrahim in Islam) in the Old Testament of the Bible as the ancestor of the faith. They all believed that Abraham's son Isaac was the ancestor of the Jewish nation, and his son Ishmael was the ancestor of the Arab nation. They all regarded Abraham (Ibrahim) as the prophet and model of faith.
3. All believe in the end of the world.They all believe that there is the end of the world and there is a doomsday judgment, but the specific details are different, and they all firmly believe that the doomsday sentence will be in Jerusalem. This is one of the reasons why various religions continue to compete for Jerusalem.
4. There is a common holy place: Jerusalem. The Jewish temple Wailing Wall is here, and the place where the Prophet Muhammad’s ascension is also located in Jerusalem. It is also the place where Jesus preached the gospel, carried the cross, and was crucified and resurrected. So the three religions are fighting for the present.
strong 185strong The main differences between the three religions are: _strong In the sense, it can be said to be in the same line, but the founders and the time of creation are completely different. Judaism was founded by Moses more than 3,400 years ago, Christianity was founded by Jesus more than 2,000 years ago, and Islam was founded by Mohammed more than 1,400 years ago. 2. Religious classics are different: Judaism mainly uses Tanakh as the main religious classics, while Christianity uses the Old Testament and the New Testament as the main classics. Islam takes the "Quran" as its main classic, which is formed on the basis of Judaism and Christianity. 3. Different prophets are believed: Judaism considers Abraham and Moses to be prophets.Directly ordered by the only God " Yawei ", only worships the only God, does not think that Jesus Christ is their Messiah (Savior), and does not accept the "Trinity" of Christianity. Christianity also recognizes Abraham and Moses as prophets, but they not only believe in God, but also adhere to the Trinitarianism, that is, the Father (God), the Son (Jesus), and the Holy Spirit are the same entity. Islam also calls Abraham, Moses, and Jesus the prophets, but it opposes the Trinitarianism and calls Muhammad the last sealed messenger of Allah (God, Jehovah). 4. The doctrine is different: Christianity mainly preaches "kindness", while Islam is different, mainly preaching "conquest". has written seven chapters, and finally sorted out the relationship between the three religions, the total number of words is nearly 50,000, and it is also the longer one of the recently written topics. Of these seven articles, I wrote the most about Judaism, and I have a few considerations. First of all, Judaism has the longest history of mission and it is the foundation of the other two denominations. It has never been mentioned in my previous more than 100 articles. As for Christianity, when I wrote British history and WASP in the United States, I also gave a detailed description of how Christianity gave birth to the most Christian school, Protestantism, so the space is limited. I won’t go into this topic anymore, and among the three religions, I believe that everyone’s knowledge of Christianity is definitely better than that of the other two religions. And Islam,I haven’t written about it before. The space on this topic is the least. I did it deliberately because I have already figured out what the next topic will be. I am going to write about the Middle East, so Islam in this region is the largest sect. The Shia and Sunni doctrines of the sect are different and have caused many wars. After the four-thousand-year history of Judaism is written in full, everyone will have a clearer concept of the background of the Holy City of Jerusalem, and the Middle East will definitely not be able to bypass Israel and many surrounding countries. The hatred of the old, in order to avoid repetition of the content, so I will not talk about Islam here. A new theme will start tomorrow, thank you for your support. May the world be better! May the suffering be less!
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