is the central core of the Soviet/Russian aviation scientific research system. The Central Aerodynamics Research Institute reviews and summarizes the research and development of Soviet Russia from the Second World War to the early 1990s (see his book "Supersonic Aircraft Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics" for details "); pointed out that human beings have achieved three major leaps in the field of supersonic flight through advances in engines and aerodynamics so far. Data map of
: Almost the whole body is a black bird with wings, it is the earliest high-speed lift body aircraft
is the first time that the aircraft achieves a breakthrough in the maximum speed of 2-3 times the speed of sound, from F104, MiG21 to MiG25 /31 are all included. For the third leap, the highly maneuverable aircraft (that is, fighter jets) did not use afterburners and switched to 1.5-1.8 times the speed of sound; this generation of aircraft still only has F22, and Russia and China have not yet produced engines with the same level of performance as F119. . The second leap of
is when the aircraft is not required to have high maneuverability, without engine afterburner, and maintains 1.7-3 times the speed of sound. Blackbird series (including A12/YF12/SR-71 and other three main models) ), Tu-144, Concorde and other aircraft are all masterpieces of this generation; while the Blackbird family's high-altitude and high-speed performance that can cruise at more than 3 times the speed of sound undoubtedly occupies an overwhelming advantage in this generation of aircraft.
data map: The thickness of the compressor body is one of the core ideas of the Blackbird to reduce high-speed resistance. The design of the blackbird family of
began in 1956, as early as 4 years before the Soviet Union shot down the U-2 subsonic high-altitude reconnaissance plane, Lockheed Company He began to study the ability to get rid of Soviet anti-aircraft missiles and fighter aircraft interception by virtue of altitude and speed, and with the support of air refueling, to have the ability to perform missions around the earth.
At the same time, in the design of the Blackbird family, a large number of stealth designs have been officially done-but it must be emphasized that limited to the ability level at the time, the Blackbird series could not achieve real stealth capabilities.
data map: Blackbird uses a large number of titanium alloys to cope with the intense heating during high-speed flight. The
blackbird design team has a total of 75 people. Although they had the strongest computer for auxiliary calculations at the time-but the top supercomputer 60 years ago , The computing power is not as good as the current pocket calculator. With all the efficient design methods today-finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics, the Blackbird design team could not see these ghosts in their dreams. Under these conditions, the design of
was completed in 1959 and approved to start construction. On April 24, 1962, the first Blackbird (model A-12, the customer was the CIA) completed its first flight.
Data map: The J58 engine was not developed as a supporting power for the Blackbird family. It was originally developed for the Navy’s high-speed interceptor. In order to ensure the lowest flight resistance, the Blackbird family adopted a lift body layout (Bisu 27/Mig 29 years ago), the entire fuselage was made into the cross-sectional shape of a supersonic wing, and the two engines were distributed very far to reduce the interference resistance between each other. In terms of power, the J58 engine is designed for turbojet and stamping. It works in turbojet mode at low speed to complete the take-off, landing and acceleration process. At high speed, it works by stamping to maintain high Mach number cruises. Data map of
: The high cost of use is one of the key reasons for the early retirement of Blackbird.
As the temperature rises, the strength of aluminum alloy will drop sharply, so the main body material of Blackbird is titanium alloy-34 meters long. Even today’s large-scale titanium alloy aircraft is quite difficult to manufacture. The Blackbird was born nearly 60 years ago. It is unimaginable how many technical difficulties must be overcome. It is indeed the pride of the world's largest power. Data map of
: As the high-altitude compensation suit
needs to maintain a flight above 20,000 meters for a long time, the Blackbird pilot must wear a fully enclosed high-altitude compensation suit—in fact, the original version of the spacesuit. This kind of clothing must be customized according to the pilot, and the cost was 100,000 US dollars at the time, and a pair of gloves cost 6,000 US dollars. Just clothing is so expensive, the cost of using the entire aircraft system can be imagined.
relies on a cruising speed above 3 times the speed of sound and close to 25,000 meters (the aircraft environmental control system draws air from the outside to maintain the cabin pressureThe maximum practical flying height must be adopted in the spacecraft-style fully enclosed design); the Blackbird family entered and exited the Soviet Union and other countries during the Cold War. If it entered an uninhabited land, no one was shot down. Whether it is ground launching missiles or dispatching aircraft to intercept.
data map: Due to the very early design, the Blackbird's electrical, electronic and automation levels are very low, and the cockpit is full of instruments, even the CRT display is not visible.
However, Blackbird itself has a very fatal inherent defect, that is, extremely high use cost; for example, its fuel consumption rate is extremely high, each mission must simultaneously mobilize multiple tankers to refuel in the airspace around the world. Therefore, after the end of the Cold War, the Blackbird family was quickly retired—it really couldn't support it. Although
had plans to activate Blackbird later, it must be pointed out that with the enhancement of satellite reconnaissance and transmission capabilities, especially the rapid progress of modern air defense and antimissile weapon systems; on the one hand, Blackbird’s airborne equipment lags behind. The impact of reconnaissance must be manually interpreted after landing, which can no longer meet the needs of the times. On the other hand, its flying height and speed can no longer be a reliable safety barrier, and it has actually lost the ability to force penetration and reconnaissance.
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public number was done late, and many previous articles were not accepted. Today these articles are all written in the past. After reading the opinions and content, there is no problem, and they are still valid.
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