For many years, the academic community has defined that it was the " non-resistance policy" implemented by Zhang Xueliang in September 18th Incident and the Northeast Army . It was determined by the academic community that Chiang Kai-shek ordered Zhang Xueliang not to resist. Because of this, Zhang Xueliang is also called "non-resistance general".
However, as time goes by, this statement is being clarified by the historical community. What is going on?
11 At around 10 pm on September 18, 2031, the Japanese Kwantung Army brazenly launched the September 18th Incident. When the gunfire of Bei Daying roared one after another, the young commander Zhang Xueliang was taking his wife and concubine to watch Peking Opera " Cosmic Front " in Beijing. At the same time, Zhang Zuoxiang, who acted as commander of the Northeast Army, left office privately and went to the private residence of Jinzhou to handle the funeral for his father. Not only that, even Wang Yizhe, the commander of the 7th Brigade stationed in Shenyang, was not in the camp.
It’s like this. At this time, the Northeast Army was in a state of headlessness and could not find someone to talk to. At 9:00 a.m. on September 19, the Japanese army easily broke through the Beidaying defense line and successfully captured Shenyang City. According to data statistics, on the September 18th Incident alone, Shenyang City suffered losses of as much as 2.8 billion, and the property accumulated by Zhang Xueliang's family was almost robbed.
In fact, on the evening of the September 18th Incident, facing the Japanese army's successive attacks, the only chief of staff of the Northeast Border Defense Office, Rong Zhen , ordered the troops: "Don't resist, don't move, put the gun in the warehouse, stand up and die, everyone will be virtuous and sacrifice for the country." The words sounded righteous, but it was disgusting.
Rong Zhen used the banner of "sacrificing for the country" to prevent the soldiers from resisting, but he did not know that this was the greatest insult to the soldiers of the Northeast Army. The greatest honor of soldiers is to die on the battlefield, rather than humiliatingly putting down their weapons and letting them slaughter. Afterwards, Rong Zhen explained that it was Chiang Kai-shek who ordered the young marshal not to resist. So is this really the case? Or is there any hidden truth in it?
According to Zhang Xueliang's niece Zhang Luheng recall, his uncle Zhang Xueliang is a comedy character, but he has been living in tragedy and even spent his whole life running for "atonement".
In May 11991, Zhang Xueliang recalled the history of the September 18th Incident in New York. During this period, someone asked: "In the movie " Xi'an Incident " filmed in the mainland, it was said that it was Chiang Kai-shek's handwriting that made you not resist. So is there any such handwriting?" Zhang Xueliang immediately replied after hearing this: "It was our Northeast Army who chose not to resist."
Zhang Xueliang thought at that time that the Japanese would not occupy the whole of China, so he made up his mind not to stimulate the Japanese and did not give them an excuse to expand the incident. Therefore, the soldiers are ordered not to fight back when they fight or scold them. In fact, the Japanese base camp did not expect that Kanto Army would be so bold, and directly launched a war with the clumsy excuse of " Liutiao Lake Incident ". It should be said that it was the unstable factors in the Kwantung Army that caused this tragedy and also caused Zhang Xueliang to lose the Northeast. After the September 18th Incident, Zhang Xueliang immediately returned to his residence from the theater and held a meeting of senior generals in Beijing. During the meeting, although some people proposed to arm the resistance to the Japanese invasion, Zhang Xueliang and most senior officers believed that resistance was not possible, so they decided not to resist. After the meeting, Zhang Xueliang decided to send it to Nanjing.
After receiving the telegram, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to the decision of the Northeast Army's High Military Conference and ordered all diplomats in Beijing to be allowed to use by Zhang Xueliang. Later, Zhang Xueliang convened diplomats from the National Government, Gu Weijun, Zhang Shizhao and others to discuss countermeasures, and invited 27 social celebrities including Hu Shi, Cao Rulin, and others to discuss. We don’t know the intensity of the venue, but the decision after the meeting was still “not resisting and relying on the League of Nations.”
However, what Zhang Xueliang did not expect was that the Japanese had no intention of a peace talks at all, and they had been coveting the Northeast for a long time.The rapid decline of the Northeast has made the whole country angry, and public opinion also criticized Zhang Xueliang very sharply, calling him a "non-resistance general."
China Weekly once wrote a letter to Zhang Xueliang, in which he satirized Zhang Xueliang's non-resistance. The letter said that Zhang Xueliang would be nominated as a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize because he is "the greatest pacifist and savior in the world." For example, scholar Lin Yutang mocked Zhang Xueliang for "doing beautifully" and satirized Zhang Xueliang's strange things in putting the country in danger.
Of course, compared with this bitter irony, the people are more cursing. Just as people were cursing, the young general Zhang Xueliang felt deeply guilty, so he wanted to save face in the Battle of Rehe. But who would have thought that Zhang Xueliang felt that he could not escape the blame and resigned from various positions after losing a thousand miles of land in Rehe. Since then, Zhang Xueliang faded out of the public's vision.
However, the initiator behind the non-resistance policy was indeed Zhang Xueliang, because the National Government's handling of the September 18th Incident at that time was: to resort to the League of Nations and prepare to resist. However, until the Xi'an Incident broke out, the Chiang Kai-shek government never resisted, which was why people at that time called Zhang Xueliang a "scapegoat"!
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