Was Han Fuju, the first general who was conspired to be executed in the Anti-Japanese War? See what his son said

1. Han Fuju participated in the military meeting of high-ranking generals against Japan and accidentally fell into the trap

January 11, 1938, 1:30 pm, Kaifeng Nanguan Yuanjia Garden, Henan Province. Senior generals from the first theater and fifth theater gathered together to participate in the "Northern Anti-Japanese Military Conference" hosted by Chiang Kai-shek himself.

At the forefront of the venue are Liu Zhi, Cheng Qian, Li Zongren, Song Zheyuan, Yu Xuezhong, Deng Xihou, Sun Zhen and others, all of whom are deputy commanders of the group army and above. Senior generals. Deng Xihou and Sun Zhen are from Sichuan. They had never met with some northern generals before. Li Zongren led them to meet Song Zheyuan, Yu Xuezhong and others.

Just as the meeting was about to begin, the Deputy Commander of the Fifth Theater, the Commander-in-Chief of the Third Army, and General Han Fuju hurried to the venue. He did not wear yellow woolen uniforms like other generals. Instead, he wore gray cotton uniforms and gray cotton military caps, with gray cloth leggings on his legs, some beards, and a pair of black sunglasses (from Zhang Xuanwu's Recall the article "Kaifeng Conference").

Han Fuju

Han Fuju was the last senior general to be present, but he did not show embarrassment or regret. I saw that he was very active after entering the door, shaking hands with Liu Zhi, Cheng Qian, Li Zongren and others, and then sitting in the middle of two old acquaintances Song Zheyuan and Li Zongren.

"Chairman is coming soon, please sit down!" After an attendant chanted, Chiang Kai-shek walked into the venue from the side door, wearing a yellow woolen uniform and white gloves as usual. He first took about half an hour to roll the call.Only then did I get to the topic. The generals present had actually guessed that the so-called meeting was nothing but Chiang Kai-shek's words. But they didn't know that the preaching was not the ultimate goal.

This is a lecture specifically aimed at Han Fuju. Chiang Kai-shek cut into the topic with "The Code of Infantry Exercises", emphasizing that " is a last resort, we should kill ourselves to be benevolent, sacrifice ourselves for righteousness; receive orders not to be humiliated, not to retreat from wounds, not to yield to being captured ". After a long talk, Chiang Kai-shek said indignantly:

Some of our high-ranking generals regard the army as personal private property. Since the War of Resistance, they have kept their strength blindly and refused to fight the enemy. They only support their troops and defend themselves, regardless of whether the country survives. , Do not obey orders, act freely, retreat wherever it is safe, and flee...I wonder if the country is gone, what use is there for you to preserve your strength? At that time, will the enemy still let you save your strength? The country is dead, what use is there for you to defend yourself? Don’t you fear the curse of the world’s people for this approach of your senior generals? Isn't it afraid of national sanctions?

After a few words, Chiang Kai-shek said with a look of indignation, but the people underneath listened to him with a drooping head and shame. Han Fuju became more frightened as he listened, his head was so low that he almost pressed his face to the desk. Not long ago, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Han Fuju to defend the Yellow River in Shandong to resist the Japanese army, but Han Fuju refused to comply and retreated without authorization. At this time, when Chiang Kai-shek said so at the meeting, Han Fuju suddenly felt that he was going to die.

In fact, the main purpose of this anti-Japanese military meeting was to trap Han Fuju. Chiang Kai-shek has tolerated Han Fuju for a long time, but he has not been able to move him. After all, he has not only a few armies, but also Song Zheyuan and other northwestern armies. At this time, Han Fuju committed the fault of "disobeying orders and retreating without authorization", and Chiang Kai-shek had a reason to move him.

Sure enough, after the meeting, the military unification spy attacked Han Fuju.After all, Han Fuju is a giant. Chiang Kai-shek did not publicly arrest Han Fuju, but asked his subordinates to secretly detain him. After being taken away from the venue, Han Fuju was first taken to the train station by car, and then escorted to the train. The train drove west along the Longhai Line , and after arriving in Zhengzhou, it turned to the Ping-Han Line and went south to Hankou.

Waiting for Han Fuju in Hankou is a trial whose ending has already been written, and it is the end of life.

2. Before the meeting, Han Fuju Zeng Haoyan: I did not surrender to Japan. What are you afraid of?

Han Fuju is indeed a big heart. Although his subordinates advised him not to go to the meeting, he eventually went. This has a lot to do with Han Fuju's personality. He is a man who is not afraid of the sky and the earth. He is also used to being a "tudy emperor" in Shandong, and he doesn't think Chiang Kai-shek will do anything to him. In addition, Han Fuju has enough confidence in his own strength and experience.

Han Fuju

As early as the Northern Expedition , Han Fuju led more than 20,000 people all the way through the pass, arrived in Beijing Nanyuan first, and became a man of power, winning the reputation of "parachutist". During the Battle of Northern Henan, Han Fuju's troops were encircled by the enemy, and the soldiers felt desperate. Han Fuju banged his head on the ground and cried bitterly, which made the soldiers believe in fighting to the end.

After the Central Plains war , Han Fuju has governed Shandong for many years, and has made great contributions to clarifying government officials, suppressing drugs, and developing education. Although his way of dealing with things is relatively feudal and autocratic, he has the meaning of thinking of himself as the "Emperor of the Earth", but he has done a lot of things that are praised by the people.

When Shandong was hit by the Yellow River bursting, Nanjing sent people to inspect it many times, but they did not send relief funds. In order to rescue the victims, Han Fuju even organized the victims to intercept the trains on the railway, and would not allow them to pass without paying, and sent troops to protect the victims.In addition, he sent more than 300,000 victims in Luxi to unaffected areas, and asked the heads of counties and counties to "raise" them for a winter, saying that the victims were "guests" he had sent.

Although Han Fuju is a warlord and has done a lot of ridiculous things, he is by no means the kind of person who is completely black. Han Fuju said to people many times: I will never drink the blood of soldiers . At that time, many warlords lived a profligate life by drinking "soldier blood" and "people's blood", but Han Fuzhu did not collect money or squander it. Mrs. Han persuaded him to buy a house and land, but he said: I am here, and I can live without buying a house. I'm gone, and I bought a house from someone else's . Therefore, there are only one or two properties under the name of Han Fuju, one of which was given by Zhang Xueliang .

The most important thing is that although Han Fuju is not like Song Zheyuan in the Great Wall War of Resistance , he has always maintained a national integrity in his attitude towards Japan. From the end of 1935 to the beginning of 1937, Japan sent people to persuade Han Fuju to instigate Shandong independence on many occasions, but they were all rejected by Han Fuju. Although Han Fuju wanted to keep his territory, he didn't want to be a traitor, and he was even more afraid of being a traitor.

In November 1937, the Japanese attacked the northern part of Shandong, and the Third Army fought fierce battles with the Japanese in Dezhou and Qidong Line. Han Fuju led the first regiment of the Guard Brigade personally to the front line for command, stalemate for more than a month. In the most dangerous time, Han Fuju was surrounded by multiple enemy armored vehicles and planes, and the guard regiment was killed or wounded. Han Fuju almost went to the battlefield, and when he returned to Jinan, there were only a few entourages left.

Therefore, when the people below persuaded Han Fuju not to go to Kaifeng to attend the meeting in person. Han Fuju replied proudly: Don't be nervous. I don’t want to make people more suspicious! I did not surrender to Japan,What are you afraid of !

Until Han Fuju's accident, the people below knew that the reason why Han Fuju didn't listen to his opinions was because of his blind self-confidence. It also had a lot to do with being deceived by Jiang Bocheng. When Han Fuju hesitated, Jiang Bocheng made a promise that "as long as Han is willing to come, I will keep him okay", and also gave Han Fuju a list of participants, making Han Fuju think that this meeting was not for him.

Overconfidence, blind optimism, and misbelief in others. Various reasons eventually led Han Fuju to embark on the path of no return.

3. After Han Fuju was arrested, he was still careless, and his subordinates failed to rescue him. In the end, he was shot 7 shots and died. Calmed down. After calming down, confidence and optimism returned immediately. So Han Fuju misjudged the situation again, thinking that although he was arrested, there would be no big things in the end.

Nearly a month ago, Li Zongren ordered to defend Taian to fight the Japanese army despite the heavy casualties of Han Fuju's troops. Han Fuju immediately approved 8 words on the telegram: Nanjing does not defend, He Shou Taian ? Before that, Han Fuju had also said to his subordinates: originally said that he had sent heavy artillery to support it, but when it was about to be used, he suddenly moved away. They don’t defend Nanjing, but they tell us to defend Jinan, and tell us to fight the Japanese with rifles?

At that time, Han Fuju had a mentality of retreat. This was related to his idea of ​​preserving personal strength and his overall strategic vision. Han Fuju believes that under the long-term strategy of the War of Resistance against Japan, it is better to retreat in a planned way than to stick to the Yellow River and save strength for future decisive battles. In a conversation with the famous military strategist Jiang Baili ,Han Fuju once said: must withdraw to the west and then counterattack in the resistance against Japan. If the decisive battle is now conducted, the sacrifice is in vain. It is better to temporarily save the strength for the future .

After being arrested, Han Fuju may have taken it for granted that although he disobeyed his orders and retreated without authorization, he had resisted and retreated with good reason. So during his trial, he still looked carefree and fearless. According to the memories of General Sun Tongxuan (The Cause and Effect of Han Fuju's Detention), He Yingqin mainly asked Han Fuju three questions: Why did you marry a Japanese woman? Why do you sell tobacco soil? Shandong militia guns, why did you collect them without authorization?

He Yingqin

After hearing these questions, Han Fuju didn't realize that his next words and deeds would affect his future destiny. He still had that carefree attitude. For the first question, he replied: It was Shen Honglie (Qingdao Mayor) Ge Guangting (Jiaoji Road Director) joked with me, called Japanese Tiaozi, and acted every time.

The answer to the second question is: It was a thousand taels given to me by Song Zhe, which was kept by the women in the family. The answer to the third question is: Maybe it was the militia commanders Zhang Xiangwu, Sun Zerang, and Zhao Mingyuan.

At that time, in order to show justice, Chiang Kai-shek sent Han Fuju's old superior Lu Zhonglin as a judge. After Lu Zhonglin heard Han Fuju's answer, he was almost blown up. Later, Lu Zhonglin sighed and said: Look at Han Fuju, this is not a one-by-one acknowledgment! Really like a child !

Feng Yuxiang recalled that Han Fuju was asked such a question: According to the order of Jinan, the chairman first,Or did Commander Li ordered him to retreat first? If Han Fuju replied that the order to retreat was first, he would undoubtedly gain vitality. But Han Fuju said that it was the order that was guarded first.

Feng Yuxiang

During Han Fuju's trial, the generals of the Third Army were also active in trying to rescue. They sent a co-branded telegram to Chiang Kai-shek, highlighting that "not only Han Fuju is responsible for the ineffectiveness of the war, but also the generals below", trying to make Chiang Kai-shek worry about the Third Army and not dare to move Han Fuju.

But what I didn't expect is that this telegram just accelerated Han Fuju's death. After seeing the joint telegram, Chiang Kai-shek did not hesitate, but made up his mind to execute Han Fuju as soon as possible. At that time, the generals of the Third Army had not yet discussed a specific plan of action. As long as Han Fuju was not there, the rest would be easy. When they really start to take action, it won't be easy to move Han Fuju.

In addition, they also hope that Han Fuju's old superior Feng Yuxiang can come forward to intercede. Feng Yuxiang didn't make much effort in this matter because he was close to Han Fuju. On the contrary, Song Zheyuan and Yu Xuezhong interceded immediately after Han Fuju was detained, hoping to deal with them leniently based on Han Fuju's past achievements.

On the night of the interrogation, Han Fuju was executed secretly. At that time, Han Fuju was about to return to the small building where he was detained, and the spies and military police with live ammunition shot from behind. Han Fuju was shot seven times and fell to his death. The next day, the newspaper released the news:

Shandong Provincial Government Chairman, Deputy Commander of the Fifth Theater, Commander-in-Chief of the Third Army, Commander-in-Chief of the Third Route Army, and General Han Fuju, who “retreated without following orders”, And "don't take advantage of the situation to send smoke, force people to donate, embezzle public funds, and collect civilian guns, etc.", the execution was executed on January 24.

4. Han Fuju’s son talked about the murder of his father: “I didn’t follow the order and retreated without authorization” to hold my father accountable.There should be nothing to say, but Jiang has double standards.

The generals of the Third Army are planning how to rescue Han Fuju. Some people even proposed a plan to concentrate their troops on the Yellow River. But suddenly received the terrible news of Han Fuju's death, many generals cried out of consternation. But Han Fuju is no longer there, and the Japanese invaders are trying to destroy China. The soldiers can only try to exercise restraint.

Liu Xizhong, who went to pick up Han Fuju's body, once recalled ("Before and After Han Fuju's Killing") that he thought that the convergence was bad, so he prepared to change clothes for Han Fuju in advance. But when he got there, he found that Han Fuju had seven shots in his chest, all of which were in the chest. The blood stains had been washed off, and there were no scars on his head and face. All the convergence was treated as the admiral.

However, there were still troubles in the process of transporting the coffin. Many patriotic workers believed that Han Fuju was shot for not resisting the war and were unwilling to carry the coffin. After finally getting to the railway station, the railway workers were unwilling to call the train for transportation. In the end, it was Sun Lianzhong and Lu Zhonglin who came forward to allow Han Fuzhu's coffin to set off.

Finally, Han Fuju's body was buried in Jigong Mountain. On the day of the burial, there was heavy snowfall, and paper money mixed with snow flakes flying all over the sky. A simple bluestone stele was erected in front of a new earthen grave with the words "Hangong Xiangfang's Tomb" written on it. This is the end of the once powerful generation of heroes.

There have always been divergent opinions about the death of Han Fuju. Some people think that Han Fuju died unjustly because he did not comply with his orders and failed to resolutely resist the Japanese army. Some people also think that Han Fuju died unjustly because Chiang Kai-shek was completely looking for excuses to eradicate dissidents and retaliate against him. It is worth noting that Han Zihua (formerly known as Han Sihong), son of Han Fu Ju, also wrote an article specifically about his father's death. Han Zihua said this:

In the verdict on my father,He convicted him of "disobeying orders and retreating without authorization". It should be said that such a conviction is okay. Because he did not follow the orders of the base camp to "stay on Tai'an." "It is common sense for soldiers to obey orders." This is common sense. If you don't obey orders, retreat without authorization is a crime. There is no exception in the past and the present, both at home and abroad! In the life-and-death national war, Jiang was charged with "disobeying orders and retreating without authorization" to hold my father accountable. There should be nothing to say.

Han Zihua did not hide for his father, admitting that Han Fuju had "disobeyed orders and retreated without authorization", and believed that his father should have nothing to say. However, Han Zihua did not think that his father was innocent, because the senior generals who retreated without authorization were not just Han Fuju.

The "good fortune" Liu Zhi, who was heavily relied on by Chiang Kai-shek, was the deputy commander of the first theater and the commander-in-chief of the second army at the time, the same level as Han Fuju. At the same time that Han Fuju fell to Jinan, Liu Zhi also successively abandoned Baoding and Shijiazhuang and other important towns, ran all the way back to Zhengzhou, and won the nickname "Long-legged General". Why is Liu Zhi okay, but Han Fuju is going to be shot?

Liu Zhi

Han Zihua sees this very clearly. He pointedly pointed out in the article: The reason why people accuse Chiang Kai-shek of killing Han Fuju as "eliminating dissidents" and "revening privately" is in his double standard . Regarding the confidant general Liu Zhi, Jiang chose to shield him. Regarding Han Fuju who had been complaining for a long time, Jiang chose to take the opportunity to get rid of it.

Han Fuju is a fearless man, originally from the Northwest Army,It is not a direct line of Huangpu, so he has always lacked loyalty and respect for Chiang Kai-shek. When he was in charge of Shandong, he had some unhappiness with Jiang, which made Jiang believe that he was not a trustworthy person. After the Xi'an Incident , Han Fuju even sent a telegram to Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, suggesting that everyone meet to discuss how to deal with Chiang Kai-shek. After the telegram was sent, Chiang Kai-shek had already come out, and Chiang also saw the telegram.

When he heard that Chiang Kai-shek was released, Han Fuju was playing mahjong. Han Fuju was really accustomed to it, and he said in front of the representative sent by Nanjing: What is this called? I did not expect Zhang Hanqing to do things so horribly ! This word reached Chiang Kai-shek's ears, how could he not let Jiang suspect that Han Fuju would turn back sooner or later? In addition, it is said that Chiang Kai-shek also intercepted the secret telegrams of Han Fuju and Liu Xiang , and the two negotiated to restrain Jiang Jun from entering Sichuan.

In short, Han Fuju did not comply with his orders, but Chiang Kai-shek’s execution of Han Fuju was not entirely in the spirit of doing business. It is precisely because of this clearly that Han Fuju's descendants did not leave the mainland with Chiang Kai-shek in 1949. Han Zihua joined the People's Liberation Army in early 1949, went to Shanxi with the troops to fight, and then went to North Korea. In the Korean battlefield, Han Zihua gloriously made a third-class merit.

When Han Fuju’s descendants had a difficult life, a property that Han Fuju had before his death was returned in time. This property was gifted by Zhang Xueliang to Han Fuju. It was confiscated by the Japanese army during the Anti-Japanese War, and was taken over as an enemy property after liberation. The basis for the return is: Han Fuju is not a traitor,They are not war criminals, and their property should be returned to .

In 1954, Han Fujuan's coffin was moved to Wan'an Cemetery at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain. The black marble tombstone was engraved with the three characters "Han Fujuan" and "1891-1938" below. After Gao Yezhen passed away, they were buried together with Han Fuju.

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