On October 21, 1949, just 20 days after the birth of New China, Liu Bocheng, commander of the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, and political commissar Deng Xiaoping drove west to join the command work of liberating the southwest.
At that time, Sichuan, Guizhou and other vast areas of land were still under the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang. After the war, the Kuomintang lost all its main force and its defeat was certain. The People's Liberation Army called on them to voluntarily give up resistance and surrender.
Kuomintang generals in the southwest region led their troops to peaceful uprisings one after another, and were warmly welcomed by the People's Liberation Army and the masses.
However, when Yang Sen, the former commander of the 20th Army of the Kuomintang, took the initiative to show his kindness and requested an uprising, Liu Bocheng became furious and refused without hesitation. This "uncharacteristic" decision made many people confused... ..
Picture | Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping
went to the southwest
In April 1949, the People's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtze River with thousands of troops and horses, broke through the Yangtze River defense line of the Kuomintang army in one fell swoop, and liberated big cities such as Nanjing, Shanghai, and Wuhan.
Most of the main force of the Kuomintang was lost and the casualties were heavy. Many Kuomintang generals fled in panic and retreated to the southwest and other places in an attempt to guard the dangerous areas in the southwest, prevent the People's Liberation Army from entering Sichuan, and secure a corner of the southwest.
In late May, The Battle of Crossing the Yangtze River was about to end. The Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao redeployed the field armies, emphasizing:
htmlIn July, Deng Xiaoping took a train from Nanjing and came to Peking for the first time. Peiping was intensively preparing for the founding of the country, and Deng Xiaoping met with Chairman Mao several times to discuss the march into the southwest."The Second Field Army (i.e. the Second Field Army) should be prepared to move westward with the main force or the entire army in two months." March into Sichuan and Guizhou and strive to occupy Guiyang, Chongqing and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River by the end of the year or before the end of the year, and open up the Yangtze River waterway. "
On October 21, just 20 days after the birth of New China, Liu Bocheng, commander of the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, and political commissar Deng Xiaoping hurriedly set off from Peiping southward, got on the westward train at Xuzhou, and immediately went to work to liberate the southwest. Commanding at work.
Many Kuomintang generals actively responded to the call of the People's Liberation Army and led their troops in a peaceful uprising, which was warmly welcomed by the masses. However, Yang Sen, who was in charge of Chongqing, made another choice at this time...
Picture | Liu Bocheng ( Third from left), Deng Xiaoping (first from left) and others studied the issue of liberating the Southwest.
Yang Sen was a powerful warlord in the early years. During the Northern Expedition , Yang Sen, instigated by Zhu De, Chen Yi and others, changed the flag with power and let Commander of the 20th Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
After Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution, Yang Sen followed Chiang Kai-shek and embarked on a path that ran counter to the people. From the Anti-Japanese War to the War of Liberation, Yang Sen had the blood of countless people on his hands.
In 1939, the anti-Japanese battlefield was stalemate. Soldiers of the New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army devoted themselves to fighting against the enemy one after another, and successfully established many anti-Japanese base areas north of the Yellow River and south of the Yangtze River.
The Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi Red Army guerrillas were reorganized into the First Regiment of the First Detachment of the New Fourth Army. The Pingjiang Communications Office of the New Fourth Army was established in , Chiayi Town (later renamed , Jiayi Town). Under the leadership of the party, it actively carried out anti-Japanese work.
Chiang Kai-shek was not happy about the fruits of the war of resistance. Instead, he was jealous. While the people of the country united to resist Japan, he began to plot the policy of "active anti-communism and passive resistance to the war."
Picture | Yang Sen
Yang Sen, commander-in-chief of the 27th Group Army of the Kuomintang stationed in Pingjiang, was willing to be Chiang Kai-shek's "anti-communist vanguard". Regardless of the battlefield situation, he secretly ordered the 27th Group Army to send agents to spy on the personnel and equipment of the New Fourth Army's Communications Office in Pingjiang. Condition.
At this time, the First Regiment of the First Detachment of the Fourth Army stationed in Pingjiang, Hunan Province had already rushed to the anti-Japanese front line. Only a few people stationed in Pingjiang, such as Tu Zhengkun, director of the Communications Department of the New Fourth Army, and Luo Ziming, the adjutant Luo Ziming, stayed to promote the anti-Japanese and national salvation ideas and mobilize the masses. Support the front line, fight against the Japanese invaders, and protect our homeland.
Yang Sen ordered the spy battalion commander He Xuezhi to secretly dispatch troops in an attempt to kill New Fourth Army soldiers. On June 12, 1939, special agents raided Chiayi Town and surrounded the New Fourth Army Communications Office.
In the name of discussing "anti-Japanese matters," they deceived Tu Zhengkun, tortured him and killed him; they also detained Luo Ziming, Secretary of the New Fourth Army Office in Jiangxi and Jiangxi Provincial Committee Organization Minister Zeng Jinsheng, and Secretary and Director of the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi Special Committee of the Communist Party of China. Wu Yuan and Communications Department staff members Wu Hequan, Zhao Luyin and their families were all buried alive in an abandoned gold mining cave and brutally murdered.
This is the "Pingjiang Massacre" that shocked China and the world, and public opinion at home and abroad was in an uproar.
Picture | Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek pretended to order a thorough investigation, claiming that soldiers from the Communications Department of the New Fourth Army "gathered bandits and shot Kuomintang officers and soldiers, which is really lawless", and put all the charges on the New Fourth Army soldiers.
In Yan'an, the holy land of the Anti-Japanese War, people gathered together to hold a meeting of the martyrs who died in the "Pingjiang Massacre". At the meeting, Chairman Mao called on the people of the country to work together to smash Chiang Kai-shek's criminal conspiracy to sabotage the anti-Japanese war.
And Yang Sen was the "major promoter" of Chiang Kai-shek's evil acts!
After that, the Japanese invaders launched several attacks. Yang Sen led his troops to participate in the war, but their morale was not high. In 1944, Yang Sen's troops fought with the Japanese invaders in Longjiang, Guangxi. The Japanese invaders were one mile away from Yang Sen's headquarters. Yang Sen immediately ordered the secret service battalion to cover them. During the retreat, even the bedroll was lost during the hasty retreat, which was very embarrassing.
In December 1944, the Japanese invaders captured Dushan, Guizhou. When the Kuomintang government in Chongqing was panicking, the Japanese invaders, who were at the end of their war effort, withdrew from Guizhou again.
Yang Sen got an advantage as a result. In January 1945, Yang Sen was appointed chairman of Guizhou Province by Chiang Kai-shek.
Picture | Yang Sen
Yang Sen was not a direct member of Chiang Kai-shek's army. He was able to gain Chiang Kai-shek's favor because of the war. In addition, he was good at business and had already begun to seek benefits for himself.
Since Yang Sen defected to Chiang Kai-shek, he sent his crony Li Huan to Nanjing to make connections with people from all walks of life. Li Huan listened to Yang Sen's words, and every time he mentioned Yang Sen to others, he would always praise him. Yang Sen’s impression seems to be pretty good.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Yang Sen managed to marry his daughter to Chiang Kai-shek's nephew and curry favor with Guizhou native He Yingqin. He had nepotism and obeyed Chiang Kai-shek. In this way, Chiang Kai-shek gave Yang Sen the position of chairman of Guizhou Province.
After Yang Sen came to power in Guizhou, he paid no attention to the interests of the people. Under the banner of "building a new Guizhou", he used cronyism and assigned all his cronies and connections to different positions. These people plundered a large amount of people's money. Excessive taxes and miscellaneous taxes were imposed, and even armed escorts of money were blatantly used.
He celebrated his birthday in Guizhou, with lanterns and festoons and a grand banquet. In order to curry favor with Yang Sen, the leaders of each county sent him various generous gifts, including precious medicinal materials, gold-inlaid pagodas, etc. Yang Sen accepted all of them. These "celebrities" gathered together to eat banquets and watch plays, making it feel like "heaven on earth".
In sharp contrast to Yang Sen's luxurious life, the people's life under the oppression of officers and soldiers is difficult. The people are hungry and homeless. Coupled with the raging war, the people of Guizhou are boiling with resentment and complaining. Yang Sen, the chairman of the provincial government, really makes the people " despair"!
Yang Sen’s numerous misdeeds, including his appointment of cronies, massive looting, and widespread corruption, finally reached the ears of the Kuomintang government. Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to appoint Gu Zhenglun (one of the "Three Heroes of the Gu Family") as chairman of Guizhou Province. In May 1947, Yang Sen was again Transferred to the post of Mayor of Chongqing.
Picture | Gu Zhenglun
Yang Sen did not want to go to Chongqing. He was interested in the position of chairman of Sichuan Province. Yang Sen called Li Huan, hoping that he could fight for it again with Chiang Kai-shek and try to swap with Wang Lingji who took office as chairman of Sichuan Province until Li Huan called back. "It has been decided internally and cannot be changed," Yang Sen then set off for Chongqing. After
arrived in Chongqing, Yang Sen continued to cultivate cronies and replaced all the old staff of the former mayor Zhang Dulun, continuing his previous domineering style of government.
The war was still going on at that time, and the 20th Army, which Yang Sen had trained with his own hands, was ordered to participate in the war.
In the summer of 1949, under the overwhelming offensive of the People's Liberation Army, the KMT army was in full decline. Nanjing National Government officials saw that the situation was not good, and almost all fled. Li Zongren , Yan Xishan and others came to Chongqing. Yang Sen Special banquets were also held.
Yang Sen is still loyal to the Chiang dynasty. On the one hand, he bloodyly suppresses the revolutionary people, and on the other hand, he colludes with Chiang Kai-shek's cronies, promotes Chiang Kai-shek, and makes the final struggle for the imminent collapse of the Chiang dynasty.
has been in officialdom for many years. Anyone who hears the name of Yang Sen knows very well that he is "ruthless and unjust"!
Picture | Yang Sen
Yang Sen: ruthless, selfish and selfish
How ruthless is Yang Sen?
Yang Sen had a niece Yang Hanxiu , the daughter of his second brother Yang Maoxiu. During the Anti-Japanese War in 1938, young Yang Hanxiu went to Yan'an, changed his name to Wu Ming, joined the Communist Party, worked at the Eighth Route Army headquarters, and resolutely devoted himself to the revolutionary cause.
In 1946, with the consent of leader Zhou Enlai, Yang Hanxiu came to Chongqing to start work. In 1947, Yang Hanxiu was arrested for carrying out revolutionary work and was imprisoned in the prison of the Kuomintang Sichuan Provincial Special Committee. In view of her relationship with Yang Sen, Wang Lingji, the governor of Sichuan Province of the Kuomintang, released her.
After Yang Hanxiu was released from prison, he temporarily recuperated at the residence of Yang Sen's concubine Wang Defang. When his body was almost recovered, Yang Hanxiu returned to Qu County . While running a small business, he used this as a cover to secretly purchase guns and support the underground armed forces of the Communist Party. .
In 1948, Yang Hanxiu was arrested again and imprisoned in Zhazidong, Chongqing. Yang Sen knew about this but had no reaction. It was not until the Kuomintang and the Communist Party started talks in 1949 that Yang Sen remembered his niece Yang Hanxiu and released him on bail.
Yang Sen asked: "Will you kill your uncle one day?"
Yang Hanxiu told Yang Sen the policies of the Communist Party, hoping that he would wake up in time, choose the right path, and do good things for the people, but Yang Sen refused to listen and insisted on persisting. Following Chiang Kai-shek and doing things that harmed the people, he still couldn't listen to Yang Hanxiu's words.
Picture | Yang Hanxiu
On September 2, 1949, a huge fire broke out in Chongqing. More than 30 streets and alleys were burned down. Banks, warehouses, etc. suffered heavy losses. Tens of thousands of people were killed or injured. It shocked the country and abroad in an instant. It was known in history. "92 Fire"!
Yang Sen, as the mayor of Chongqing, was bound to take responsibility for this accident, but Yang Sen began to "cry the thief to catch the thief". He slandered the Communists and blamed the Communists for the cause of the fire.
Yang Hanxiu had already promoted the Communist Party's policies to Yang Sen, but she didn't expect that Yang Sen would lie like this. She ran to her uncle and denounced Yang Sen's behavior.
Yang Sen was angry and asked his subordinates to arrest Yang Hanxiu and prepare to shoot his niece in public. This not only achieved the purpose of slandering the Communists, but also gained the reputation of "killing relatives for justice".
Because Yang Hanxiu shouted about Yang Sen's crimes in prison, Yang Sen did not dare to bring her to the public, so he had to secretly imprison her and send someone to hang Yang Hanxiu in December 1949.
Yang Sen single-handedly killed his niece who was not at fault, which is truly "extremely ruthless". From the beginning to the end, he only had his own power in his heart, regardless of his relatives and the people!
How meaningless is Yang Sen?
Liu Bocheng has a deep understanding of this. As early as more than 20 years ago, Liu Bocheng had contact with Yang Sen.
In 1926, the National Revolutionary Army took the oath in Guangzhou and prepared to launch the Northern Expedition. In order to cooperate with the KMT-CCP cooperation in , the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the establishment of the Chongqing Local Executive Committee (referred to as the "Chongqing Prefectural Committee"). Among them, Yang Anggong served as secretary, Wu Yuzhang served as propaganda committee member, and Liu Bocheng and Zhu De served as committee members.
As the Northern Expedition progressed smoothly, various warlords in Sichuan began to respond. Liu Xiang, Liu Wenhui and others sent representatives to meet with Chiang Kai-shek, expressing their willingness to join the Northern Expedition and electrifying the country. However, the declarations made by Liu Xiang and others were actually empty words, and they did not take any action.
At that time, Yang Sen, who was entrenched in Wanxian County in eastern Sichuan, was considered a powerful warlord. His attitude towards the Northern Expedition was particularly important. For this reason, Zhu De once devoted himself to Yang Sen's work.
Picture | Statues of Yang Angong, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Wu Yuzhang, and Chen Yi
Yang Sen's attitude was wavering. On the one hand, he contacted the Kuomintang and expressed that he wanted to join the Kuomintang army. On the other hand, he sent people to Peking to find Li Dazhao and asked to send people to Wanxian County. , just like that, Chen Yi also arrived in Wanxian County.
Zhu De and Chen Yi discussed together to win over Yang Sen and strive to reform the old army. Yang Sen was very cooperative and resisted imperialism. He also invited Liu Bocheng, Yang Anggong and others to Wanxian to discuss dealing with the reactionary warlord Liu Xiang.
When Liu Bocheng expressed the hope that Yang Sen could solve the problem of food and ammunition for the troops, Yang Sen also promised to stay, and everyone had high hopes for him.
But Yang Sen's essence has not changed. He clamored to kill the warlord Wu Peifu , but he accepted the post of governor of Sichuan appointed by Wu Peifu, and proclaimed himself "Commander-in-Chief of the Aiding Hubei and Sichuan Army", cooperating with the Beiyang warlord to attack the Northern Expeditionary Army. .
As for the support he promised Liu Bocheng, when there was no promise, Yang Sen not only failed to provide help, but also betrayed Liu Bocheng and others in exchange for his own status.
In 1927, Yang Anggong was killed by a warlord; Liu Bocheng escaped by chance. However, Liu Bocheng came to understand Yang Sen, a two-faced man.
did not expect that they would meet again in the battle to liberate the Southwest.
Picture | Yang Anggong
Liberation of the Southwest
When the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army led by Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping gradually approached Chongqing, Commander Liu Bocheng sent people to incite Yang Sen. Perhaps in Liu Bocheng's heart, he still had a glimmer of hope for Yang Sen.
Representatives of the People's Liberation Army proposed:
First, capture Chiang Kai-shek alive;
Second, protect the Zhazidong revolutionaries from being harmed;
Third, protect the Chongqing factories from destruction.
Yang Sen has been domineering, selfish, and ruthless for many years. He knows very well that his hands are stained with the blood of too many people. He punched a big fist on the table: "I have sinned so much, can they spare me?" ?” There was no hint of regret in his words.
Yang Sen sent a subordinate to contact the People's Liberation Army. He said that he could not catch Chiang Kai-shek and was not responsible for the prisoners. The factory had a dedicated person in charge. The implication was that he had not fulfilled the three requirements at all.
Yang Sen had no sincerity, and Liu Bocheng did not want to talk to Yang Sen anymore.
Picture | Chairman Mao and Liu Bocheng
At the same time, many Kuomintang generals in the southwest region, after understanding the Communist Party's policies, were determined to take advantage of their crimes and revolt peacefully. For them, the People's Liberation Army sincerely welcomed them with open arms.
As for the stubborn Kuomintang reactionaries, the heroic People's Liberation Army is not afraid to use force to solve them. When the Kuomintang suffered numerous defeats, Yang Sen took stock of the situation and worried that he would have no backing, so he took the initiative to send someone to contact Liu Bocheng. Liu Bocheng was well aware of Yang Sen's character and did not give Yang Sen any reply.
Liu Bocheng told his subordinates: "You can just do your uprising work, don't worry about this person."
Yang Sen on the other end could not wait for a reply, so he contacted Liu Bocheng again to discuss the uprising, but Yang Sen did not change his selfish nature and actually There are also conditions that require all his property to be transported away.
When Liu Bocheng learned of Yang Sen's move, he became even more furious: "I won't see him! Go talk to him and tell him that you can hand over as many guns and ammunition as you have, and don't talk about the rest."
To this day, Yang Sen is still stubborn. Spirit, those who do not follow the people's path are destined to be abandoned. Yang Sen's uprising failed. Seeing the People's Liberation Army's momentum, Yang Sen could only avoid the People's Liberation Army and fled in a hurry.
Picture | Chongqing people welcome the People's Liberation Army into the city
On November 26, 1949, the 20th Army led by Yang Sen peacefully uprising and surrendered to the people.
On November 30, Chiang Kai-shek fled in panic by plane, and Chongqing was liberated.
On December 9, the Kuomintang troops in Yunnan and Xikang successively announced uprisings and peaceful liberation.
On December 27, Chengdu was liberated.
The liberation of Chengdu represented the successful end of the People's Liberation Army's campaign to liberate the southwest. The people finally got rid of the exploitation of Yang Sen and his like, and lived a peaceful and stable life under the leadership of the party. Chiang Kai-shek's dream of separatist control of the southwest and stubborn resistance was completely shattered.
Looking back many years later, the Kuomintang uprising general Fu Zuoyi was determined to take the people's road, and Lu Han did not listen to Chiang Kai-shek's call... They each had their own strengths and contributed to the people's cause after the uprising; but Yang Sen had a feudal The nature of warlords is duplicitous and selfish. Such people are destined not to be able to walk with the people.
It can be seen that Liu Bocheng’s decision is brilliant!
