文/Pan Caixia
In 1929, due to betrayal by a traitor, "peasant movement leader" Peng Pai was arrested. His wife Cai Suping died a year ago, and he was ready to sacrifice.
At the last moment of his life, he died generously singing " Internationale ". He was only 33 years old.
This year, the second son Peng Shilu was only four years old. He lost his mother at the age of three and his father at the age of four. His grandmother had fled to Macau with his family, and he became an orphan.
When Peng Shilu was young, his brother and his father Peng Pai were together.
01 He grew up eating Baijia food, and his surname will always be "Baijia" in his heart.
After Peng Pai was killed, in order to eradicate the root cause, the Kuomintang offered a reward for Peng Shilu's arrest. One night when it was pouring with rain, the nanny kept running with him on her back. He was so frightened that he cried loudly. The nanny kept saying: "Don't cry, don't make a sound!"
This is Peng Shilu's first memory of life.
During the displacement, Peng Shilu was transferred to the homes of poor farmers. From this house to that house, he kept changing his name and had more than 20 "parents".
Later, he moved into the home of a Red Army captain in Chao'an County. He called the captain "brother" and the captain's mother "aunt."
His aunt treated him better than his own son. During those relatively stable days, the villagers pooled their money together to send Peng Shilu to school, but none of their own children could afford to go to school.
At the same time, Zhou Enlai was also sending people to look for him. Many years later, he learned that two underground members of the Dongjiang Special Committee were brutally murdered by the Kuomintang on the way to pick him up.
In 1933, due to the rebellion of the Chao'an County Party Committee Secretary, 8-year-old Peng Shilu was imprisoned with his aunt.
As a "little political prisoner", Peng Shilu was photographed with great fanfare and published in the " Republic of China Daily ". Next to the photo was eye-catchingly written: "The son of the Communist bandit Peng Pai was captured by our Ninth Division."
Peng Shilu's prison photo
in In prison, Peng Shilu also met another "Mountain Top Aunt" who had adopted him. He witnessed the two mothers enduring torture and would rather die than confess that he was Peng Pai's son.
A few months later, Peng Shilu was transferred to Shantou and Guangzhou alone. In the Guangzhou Reformatory, he suffered from high fever, convulsions, and was in danger of death several times. When
was dying, the Kuomintang threw him out of prison. After being released from prison, he began to crawl along the railway while begging.
He traveled thousands of miles from Guangzhou to Chao'an, and at the age of ten, he stumbled along like this. But not long after returning to Chao'an, he was imprisoned again. After
learned of his whereabouts, her grandmother went to great lengths to rescue him from prison and brought him to Hong Kong. When he was studying in a primary school in Hong Kong, Peng Shilu gradually learned about his own life experience, and he yearned for the revolution that his parents had dedicated their lives to.
Two years later, he accidentally heard that there were guerrillas in Dongjiang. He resolutely left Hong Kong and went to Huizhou to join the anti-Japanese column.
At that time, Zhou Enlai was also looking for Peng Shilu. In 1940, after many twists and turns, Peng Shilu was brought to Chongqing.
At the Eighth Route Army office , Zhou Enlai took his hand and said excitedly: "My son, I finally found you. Your father is my good friend!"
Under Zhou Enlai's arrangement, Peng Shilu was sent to Yan'an . His arrival caused a sensation in Yan'an. "Everyone knew that I was Peng Pai's son. Only then did I realize that my father was really a big shot."
The wandering life was over, and he studied hard at school in Yan'an. Many years later, recalling his growth, he said:
"The caress given to me by dozens of 'mothers' infected me with the instinct of loving the people; my parents selflessly distributed their property to the farmers, even at the expense of their own lives, to give it to me. I must devote all my blood to the people and the motherland; the Holy Land of Yan'an has cultivated my character of self-reliance, hard work, and frankness. In short, although my surname is 'Peng', my surname will always be 'Baijia'."
Peng Shilu
02 in. At Chen Geng's suggestion, he changed his career to study nuclear power. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Peng Shilu studied chemical engineering at Yan'an University and other places. In 1951, he was selected to study mechanics at the Kazan Institute of Chemical Engineering in the Soviet Union.While
gained knowledge, he also gained love.
In the spring of 1953, as the chairman of the Students' Union of the Soviet Union, Peng Shilu went to the station to pick up a new female international student. When they met for the first time, this lively and beautiful girl made his heart beat. The moment of shaking hands was the "happiest emotion that cannot be expressed in words" in his life. After
arrived at school, he personally took her to familiarize herself with the campus and meet the dean. His brotherly care made Ma Shuying feel warmer. Full of energy, she quickly integrated into the new environment.
Among a group of unrestrained Soviet students, the petite and intelligent Ma Shuying often became the focus of everyone's attention. Her smile often appeared in Peng Shilu's mind.
From then on, they had an "accidental encounter" on campus, and naturally, they went to the library to read together. The more they communicated, the more he liked her and gave her a nice Russian name: "Masha".
It goes without saying that Ma Shuying has already sensed Peng Shilu's inner world. Patriotism and beautiful emotions became dual motivations, and they raced against time to study hard.
Peng Shilu and Ma Shuying
In 1956, General Chen Geng visited the Soviet Union and learned that Peng Shilu was studying chemical machinery. He said in a consultative tone: "The central government has decided to select a group of overseas students to study atomic energy and nuclear power. Are you willing to change their career?"
To this, Peng Shilu's reply was: "As long as the motherland needs it."
In this way, Peng Shilu continued to stay in the Soviet Union and went to Moscow Power Institute to study nuclear power. When he learned that China had to pay an additional 80 rubles for every class taught by Soviet professors, he said with emotion: "This is an old lady using her hard-earned money to send her son to a foreign school. Can we not work hard?"
In 1958, 33-year-old Peng Shilu and 23-year-old Ma Shuying returned to China after completing their studies. He was assigned to work at the Beijing Institute of Atomic Energy, and she went to Beijing Institute of Chemical Technology to become a teacher. It was also this year that they became partners.
As Sino-Soviet relations entered the "honeymoon period", Khrushchev led a delegation to visit China. During the meeting, Mao Zedong proposed that the Soviet Union provide technical support for China's development of nuclear submarines.
Unexpectedly, Khrushchev arrogantly refused. Mao Zedong was stabbed in the heart. Later, he said categorically: "The nuclear submarine will be built in ten thousand years!" The
nuclear power research laboratory was established, but there was nothing but enthusiasm. Among a group of "nuclear illiterates", Peng Shilu, who had studied nuclear power, was entrusted with an important task.
They started research and development with the help of two blurry photos in newspapers and a submarine model toy that a diplomat brought back from the United States for his children.
In order to understand English materials and acquire cutting-edge knowledge, Peng Shilu led everyone to improve their English.
Everyone counts every second. They get up at five in the morning and run to the office. As long as they go to the library, they don't plan to come out that day. Even when they go to the toilet, they are "gnawing" with English books.
The conditions were difficult, but the morale was high, and they overcame swelling and hunger. In just two years, this research team, with an average age of only thirty years old, "all dozens of laymen became the vanguard of nuclear power."
In 1956, Peng Shilu (front row, first from right) was in the Soviet Union
03 His works, one is a nuclear submarine, and the other is a nuclear power plant
In 1965, the nuclear submarine was "launched", and Peng Shilu led a team to Sichuan. In the deep mountains beside the Qingyi River, China's first submarine nuclear power plant land model reactor test base has begun construction.
In the eyes of local people, they are a group of mysterious figures who "engage in water and electricity", and their only connection with the outside world is the "Chengdu 291 Mailbox".
In order to support Peng Shilu, Ma Shuying gave up her beloved education career. Regardless of her suffering from rheumatic heart disease , she followed him to the damp and cold southwest with a pair of children. Entrusting the children to a neighbor, she also dived into the base.
In this inaccessible place, this team "works incognito, hides celebrities, and does earth-shattering things." In the entire
project, the physical calculation of reactor was a big project. Without any reference, Peng Shilu proposed the direction for everyone and then calculated it separately.
He has to know every data by heart. slide rule is always carried with him in a military green satchel. .
With only a hand-operated computer and a few slide rules, Peng Shilu led the scientific researchers to work day and night. His colleagues all admired him sincerely: "He is familiar with all the component processes, and he can follow all the components from the reactor core all the way." Calculated to propeller ! "
Peng Shilu
In July 1970, after five years of cold and heat, the construction of the nuclear submarine land model reactor was completed, and Peng Shilu went to Beijing to report to Zhou Enlai.
After Zhou Enlai listened carefully, he said earnestly: "No matter when or where you go, you must remember that your surname is Peng and you are Peng Pai's son. Never change your name!"
Half a year later, Peng Shilu took over the post. The general person in charge, my country’s first independently developed nuclear submarine was launched. Peng Shilu followed him into the sea in person. Before setting off, he said to his wife humorously: "If I feed 王八 then, don't cry!"
In his heart, he was full of gratitude to his wife, "She participated in and witnessed China's The whole process of starting up and reaching full power of the first-generation nuclear submarine power plant reactor, she is the real unsung hero behind me."
On August 1, 1974, China's first nuclear submarine was named "Long March 1" and was officially included in the list. Naval order of battle. During the final installation and debugging of
, Peng Shilu suffered from unbearable abdominal pain. At Naval General Hospital , he was diagnosed with acute gastric perforation, and 3/4 of his stomach was surgically removed.
This year, Peng Shilu was 49 years old. For the nuclear submarine, he said: "Even if you die, it is worth it!" After the construction of the
nuclear submarine was completed, Peng Shilu took over the responsibility of building a nuclear power plant. He went south to Guangdong and was responsible for the construction of the Shenzhen Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant. He transformed from a scientist into an economist.
His brain is a supercomputer, which contains almost all the data of the entire nuclear power plant. A Hong Kong investor sincerely praised: "He is so strong, he understands both technology and economics!"
For this reason, Peng Shilu is called " Pioneers of the Nuclear Power Industry.”
Peng Shilu
His contribution is indelible. In 2017, Peng Shilu won the "Science and Technology Achievement Award", the highest award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation. He made two requirements for the handling of the huge bonus: "First, don't use the bonus, donate it to the organization and set up a talent fund; second, don't use the bonus; , don’t name it after yourself.”
Be grateful and indifferent to fame and wealth. The bronze statue of his father Peng Pai is placed on the table, but he never regards himself as the son of a hero. What he remembers is the kindness of the party and the people.
"A person's life will not be in vain if he does his best to do good work." On March 22, 2021, after fighting for the nuclear industry for a lifetime, 96-year-old Peng Shilu passed away.
His wife has been dead for ten years. In the last days of her life, he was accompanied by a model of China's first nuclear submarine and a navy cap with "Chinese Navy Nuclear Submarine Force" embroidered in gold silk thread.
In accordance with his last wish, his and his wife's ashes were integrated into the sea. In another way, they continue to watch the ocean and nuclear submarines.
In March 2022, exactly one year after his death, Peng Shilu was posthumously named the "Person of the Year that Touched China in 2021". The award speech stated: "You, like your works, are silent but contain great power."
Peng Shilu's family portrait
