Fujian ship has an engine test platform and a stern dock. It can be said that it is very American. However, the Liaoning ship and the Shandong ship have semicircular gaps in similar positions and a wide one on each side of the stern. White strips.
The stern of the Fujian ship
If you observe the Russian aircraft carriers, you will find that the Kuznetsov aircraft-carrying cruiser, the Ulyanovsk nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, and the Manatee-class nuclear-powered aircraft carrier plan will all be found. There are these two white bars, which means that we learned these two white bars from Varyag number . But what exactly is this white note?
The Soviet Union's special sea area has led to The Soviet Navy generally berths at the stern of ships.
The distribution of sea areas has a great impact on a country. Due to the fragmentation of territorial waters, the Soviet Union has long neglected the construction of carrier-based aviation. Similarly, during the Cold War , because the Soviet Union did not have as much money as the United States and had many places to spend money, the Soviet Navy had to be very careful and focus its funds on the construction of large surface ships. For this reason, the Soviet Navy's military ports and other countries The difference between the military ports is a bit big. All ports in normal countries are side-to-side berthing, and military ports are no exception. After all, not to mention other side-side berthing operations, there is much more operating space than bow berthing or stern berthing.
Soviet military ports mostly used ship stern berthing. When the warship is berthed, the stern of the ship should be aligned with the dock. For a normal country, even if other ships have to use stern berthing due to limited conditions, the aircraft carrier is the core of surface ships , so when a country has an aircraft carrier, it will often build a dedicated aircraft carrier base and aircraft carrier berths, but the Soviet Navy said where did it come from so many requirements? Just berth at the stern like other surface ships.
The berthing method of stern berthing requires a relatively low workload in military port construction. Ports with side berthing need to build trestles extending to the sea, while stern berthing does not require a trestle at all, which can reduce the construction cost of military ports; and stern berthing single The ship also requires less space for berthing, and more ships can be berthed on the same length of coastline; and the bow of the stern-berthing island ship is facing forward, so the probability of the ship colliding with the dock during emergency dispatch is low. , warships’ emergency departure from port is more efficient. It can be said that during an emergency dispatch, the warship only needs to move a little bit about ten meters using its own power, and the tugboat can reach the stern of the ship, quickly push the emergency warship out of the port, and free up the channel for other warships to use during emergency dispatch.
For ordinary surface ships, the height of the pier is almost the same as the freeboard height of the warship. A slight ramp after the stern dock can solve the need for personnel to board and disembark the ship in the stern dock situation. Even because the height difference between the stern deck of the ship and the dock is really small, when conditions are good, both the dock and the warship deck can be crossed by just lifting one foot.
But the aircraft carrier cruiser is different... The relative height of the stern deck of the aircraft carrier cruiser from the sea level is as little as thirteen or four meters (1143) and as many as fifteen or six meters (1143.5). If it is an American aircraft carrier, it is relatively The height can be as high as 189 meters. At this height, it is indeed difficult for crew members to get on and off the ship smoothly.
1143.5 and 11540 height comparison
Of course, don’t even think about building a ladder directly from the flight deck. However, there is still an opening in the stern of the Kiev-class, and the stern opening on the deck where the hangar deck is located can be used.
However, in order to reduce the difficulty for crews to board and disembark the ship, it is best for the Kiev class to adopt side berthing. After all, the side of the Kiev has its own gangway, so it is relatively low for crews to board and disembark. However, the conditions in the Soviet Union are like this, so Kiev can only make do with it and stop it at first. However, this method of building a gangway is not a problem. It really tests the boat's positioning skills.
The stern docked at the Perhentian Island in Kiev
Therefore, when the Soviet Union designed the second-generation aircraft-carrying cruiser of the Soviet Navy (the Moskva-class ship class in the Soviet Union was a long-range anti-submarine cruiser rather than an aircraft-carrying cruiser), it focused on the stern of the aircraft-carrying cruiser. Crew boarding and disembarkation requirements when docked. The Neva Design Bureau pondered for a while, wouldn't it be enough to add a gangway located at the stern to the next-generation aircraft-carrying cruiser?
In this state, the Kuznetsov only needs to lower the ladder to solve the crew's boarding and disembarkation needs.
However, the stern gangway cannot be folded horizontally like the side gangways; Use vertical folding method. When the stern is berthed, the gangway unfolds outwards and just sits on the pier.
The Liaoning ship equipped with anti-collision balls
After the Soviet Navy used it for a period of time, it felt that this design was quite good and very suitable for the national conditions of the Soviet Union, so the 1143.7 aircraft-carrying cruiser also adopted this stern ramp design. Russia's military ports were all inherited from the Soviet Union. The Neva Design Bureau is still the most important design bureau in Russia, so the aircraft carrier plan designed by Neva still uses this stern ramp design.
The predecessor of the Liaoning ship is the Varyag, the second ship of the Kuznetsov-class aircraft-carrying cruiser. The stern ramp has been installed a long time ago, so it can’t be dismantled, right? The core mission of the Shandong ship is to open up the aircraft carrier manufacturing system, rather than try new technologies. The ship shape is almost identical to the Liaoning ship. There is no need to cancel the stern ramp, a design that does not affect combat effectiveness, right? ?
Although the Fujian ship has not completely escaped the influence of Soviet design, the proportion of Chinese designs is already very high, so the Fujian ship has made many adjustments according to the actual needs of the Chinese Navy. The centerline ammunition elevator on the upper deck of the Shandong ship and the Liaoning ship, the starboard crane position, and the 726-4 jamming bomb launcher on the right side of the ship island (originally the installation location of the AK-630M close-in defense gun) and the push groove on the stern centerline have been cancelled. , a series of designs such as the gangways on both sides of the stern. An engine test platform and a rubber grille dock were added to the stern of the ship.
As for the Fujian ship, there is also a thick white line on the stern? After looking at it for half an hour, Pan thought that the white bar should not be a ramp but a downward extension of the center line of the landing runway. It was used to assist the pilot in aligning with the center line of the deck. The Shandong ship and the Liaoning ship also have the same design.
