Abstract: In this world, there are rich countries and poor countries. In the list released by the International Monetary Fund, countries are calculated according to the per capita gross domestic product, ie GDP, taking into account the average purchasing power of the population. This means that the result of the comparison is as if the currencies of all countries are converted into the same currency, and the costs of products and services are also the same. This resulted in the top ten poorest countries in the world, including: South Sudan, Burundi, Malawi, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Mozambique, etc. (Data in brackets are GDP per capita)
1, South Sudan (US$303)
South Sudan is one of the least developed countries in the world declared by the United Nations. Roads, water and electricity, medical and health, education and other infrastructure and social services are seriously lacking. Commodities basically rely on imports and are expensive. Since 2005, the international community has provided a large amount of assistance to the South in terms of infrastructure construction and public services. According to statistics, from 2008 to 2010, South Sudan received various international aids of 696 million, 884 million and 739 million US dollars. In addition to international aid, the main source of revenue for the South Sudan government is the oil industry. According to official information from the South Sudan government, from July 9, 2011 to December 31, 2011, South Sudan’s oil revenue was US$3.2 billion.
2, Burundi (US$307)
The main pillar industries of Burundi are coffee and tea. The difficulty in developing its economy lies in its small country, large population, poor resources, and no export to the sea. 70% of the country’s income comes from agriculture. The main export products are coffee, tea, cotton, hides, etc. However, due to the backward agricultural infrastructure, the ability to withstand natural disasters is low. Industrial raw materials, machinery and equipment and consumer goods are all dependent on imports.
3, Malawi (US$351)
Malawi is a traditional agricultural country. Malawi’s long-term economic development has been slow due to inconvenient transportation inland, lack of natural resources, especially energy, and weak infrastructure. However, the overall performance of Malawi's economy is currently improving, mainly due to the strong monetary tightening policy and the strong support of international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in foreign exchange reserves.
4, Central African Republic ($430)
Central African Republic is located in the center of the African continent. It is the only way for north-south and east-west transportation. It has a large area and sparsely populated areas, with an average of only 4.7 people per square kilometer. Central Africa is a multi-ethnic country with complex religions and serious conflicts. Coupled with the impact of the war, the economy is difficult to develop, and it is one of the least developed countries in the world announced by the United Nations. The economy of Central Africa is dominated by agriculture, with a weak industrial foundation, and more than 80% of industrial products are imported.
5, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (US$449)
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, referred to as Congo (DRC), straddles Central Africa. It has a vast area and is known as the World Geological Museum. It has rich reserves of various rare minerals, especially diamonds. It is known as “World Raw Material Warehouse”, “Gem of Central Africa” and “Geological Miracle”. But for a long time, there have been the effects of war. People in this country have been living with the risks of terrorist attacks, food shortages, displacement and lack of medical services for a long time. Although the country has a large amount of oil and gas resources and rich minerals, the country has no processing capacity, resulting in all crude oil exports, while all domestic consumption of refined oil depends on imports. Such a reverse economic development will prevent the domestic economy from growing positively.
6, Madagascar (US$459)
Madagascar is one of the least developed countries. The economy is dominated by agriculture, heavily dependent on foreign aid, and the industrial foundation is weak. From 1997 to 2000, the economy grew at an average annual rate of 4.5%. The general election crisis at the end of 2001 severely affected Malaysia’s domestic economic and social development. In 2016, Madagascar's GDP was 31,769 billion Ariary, or about 10 billion U.S. dollars. GDP per capita is US$417. Among them, the primary industry accounted for 28.9%, the secondary industry 17.1%, and the tertiary industry 54%.
7. Mozambique (US$476)
In Mozambique, which is rich in natural resources, the chemical, aluminum, petroleum, beverage and food manufacturing industries in the industrial sector have grown strongly. The Mozambican government has vigorously adjusted the economic structure, improved the investment environment, introduced foreign investment, and increased Investment in agriculture and rural areas to accelerate infrastructure construction, Advocating increased revenue and lower expenditures, the government has also carried out reforms to customs, tariffs have dropped significantly, and customs management has improved. However, inequality and income are very large, and this increase is not reflected in the country’s per capita GDP or human development index.
8. Niger (US$477)
Niger is dominated by agriculture and animal husbandry and is one of the least developed countries announced by the United Nations. In 2008, it ranked 174th in the global human development index rankings. The economic restructuring plan was implemented in 1986. In the 1990s, due to continued political turmoil, the economy fell into a semi-stopped state. The devaluation of the African franc in 1994 caused a further severe blow to the Nigerian economy. After Barre took office in 1996, he took a series of measures to reform state-owned enterprises and rectify public finances, and the economic situation improved slightly. After the coup d'etat in Nepal in April 1999, Western countries suspended financial aid, resulting in financial constraints and lack of development funds. Due to the weak foundation and heavy debt burden, development is greatly affected by the natural environment, northern security issues and international market fluctuations, and Nigeria's economy as a whole is still very difficult.
9, Somalia ($492)
Somalia is one of the least developed countries in the world. The economy is dominated by animal husbandry, and the industrial foundation is weak. In the early 1970s, due to the excessive nationalization policy, coupled with natural disasters and other factors, the economy was in serious difficulties. In the 1980s, with the support of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, economic policies were adjusted and the economy improved for a while. After 1991, due to successive years of civil strife, industrial and agricultural production and infrastructure were severely damaged and the economy collapsed. The situation in some areas under the jurisdiction of local governments is stable and the economy has improved.
10, Sierra Leone (US$516)
One of the least developed countries, the economy is dominated by agriculture and mining, and food cannot be self-sufficient. The long-term civil war has severely destroyed the infrastructure of Cyprus and the national economy is on the verge of collapse. After the civil war, the Serbian government concentrated on rebuilding the economy. After the Ebola outbreak, economic and social development has been greatly affected. In 2016, the Sierra Leone government made post-epidemic reconstruction its top priority and launched the "Presidents Priority Recovery Plan". The economy has gradually recovered, but it still faces many difficulties and challenges. After the People's Party government came to power in 2018, agriculture, education, and health have been the focus of governance.
Least Developed Countries Standards
In March 1991, the United Nations Development Planning Commission made new regulations on the delineation of least developed countries. This regulation defines the least developed countries as low-income countries that have long suffered from developmental obstacles, especially those with low levels of human resource development and severe structural defects, and adjusts its measurement standard to:
1. Per capita GDP The value is less than US$600;
2. The population does not exceed 75 million;
3. The expanded real quality of life index (including life expectancy, per capita intake of calories, enrollment rate, literacy rate, etc.) does not exceed 47 points;
4. Economic diversified business index (Including manufacturing, industrial employment ratio, etc.) no more than 22 points.
According to these four current standards, as of 2018, there are 47 least developed countries approved by the United Nations in the world.
9 Asian countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Laos, Cambodia, East Timor, Myanmar, Nepal, Yemen;
33 African countries: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central Africa, Chad, Congo ( Gold), Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan , Togo, Uganda, Tanzania, Comoros, Senegal, South Sudan, Zambia,;
4 Oceania countries: Tuvalu, Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu;
North America 1 country: Haiti after 1971, 1991, After three standard definitions in 2015, a total of 47 countries have entered the list. Sikkim, Botswana, Cape Verde, Maldives, Samoa, and Equatorial Guinea that have been included in the list have been delisted. Among them, Sikkim was not expelled because of graduation, but because of being included in India.
