September 28 is the 16th " World Rabies Day ". This year's theme is "Practice a Health and Eliminate Rabies ". The concept of "one health" is the harmony and health of the environment, humans and animals.
"Let rabies become history"
How old is this disease of rabies? Since ancient times, rabies has been recorded in writing as a kind of "incessant illness". With the deepening of understanding of rabies and the advancement of medical technology, safe and effective rabies vaccines have emerged, today, rabies has long been a completely preventable disease. But the problem is that many people still don’t understand how to prevent rabies correctly, so rabies remains a serious public health issue.
Rabies is an acute infectious disease with zoonotic infection. Once it occurs, the mortality rate is close to 100%. Data released by the World Health Organization show that rabies still kills 59,000 people every year worldwide, and 1 person dies from rabies every 9 minutes, and 99% of the cases are infections caused by dog bites.
Improve the awareness of rabies prevention, vaccinating dogs, controlling and preventing rabies from the source, and strengthening post-exposure treatment of rabies in humans in endemic areas is the most effective rabies prevention measure at present and is also the global consensus on preventing rabies.
In 2015, the World Health Organization, World Organization for Animal Health , Global Rabies Control Alliance, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization jointly formulated a global strategic plan of "zero deaths from dogs and humans across the world by 2030", calling on the world to take action to "let rabies become history."
Civilized dog breeding is the source of prevention and control
Currently, there are about 80 million to 100 million dogs in my country, and there are free-range breeding, non-registration, inimmunity, and arbitrary abandonment. Especially in rural areas, it is very easy to spread between animals and cause injuries to animals.
According to statistics released by the official website of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 95% of rabies in China are caused by sick dogs. Scratches, bites, or even just contact and licking the mucosa, may be infected with the rabies virus. Research by the World Health Organization shows that if an area reaches more than 70% of the immune coverage rate of dogs in a region, an effective immune barrier can be established to prevent the spread and spread of the rabies virus.
2021 The promulgation of the Chinese Civil Code and the newly revised " Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China " also made clear provisions on this. Dogs raised should be vaccinated with rabies vaccines regularly, apply for registration from the local area, and wear dogs with dog tie leashes when taking dogs out of the house to prevent dogs from hurting people and spreading the epidemic. Dogs raised should bear responsibility in accordance with the law if they cause damage to others.
1 5 points to prevent rabies
The public should have a full understanding of rabies and related preventive measures. Once a high-risk incident occurs, they should respond calmly and "report to deal with it".
First, the elderly and children should be protected more. Due to the weak self-protection ability of the elderly and children and the lack of awareness of risk prevention, the incidence of animal injuries is high.
Second, if you are bitten or scratched by a pet dog, the dispute can be handled in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations that have been issued. Those who raise pet dogs must consciously raise dogs in a civilized manner in accordance with the law to avoid dogs hurting people and spreading rabies virus.
Third, rabies can be prevented and cannot be cured. If you are scratched or bitten by a dog/cat, even if the wound is very small, you should not be careless and seek medical treatment in time. It is recommended to go to a medical institution with relevant qualifications to treat rabies after exposure based on the wound condition and personal immunity history.
Fourth, after being scratched or bitten by dogs/cats, individuals should do first aid: if the wound is deep and large, especially for wounds that are bleeding continuously, you should first press the wound with a clean cloth to stop the bleeding, and then rush to the hospital; if the wound is shallow or there is not much bleeding, you can first wash the wound with running water or soapy water for 15 minutes, rinse it with a clean tissue to suck the residual liquid in the wound, and then cover the wound with a clean cloth and seek medical treatment as soon as possible.
Fifth, after being scratched or bitten by dogs/cats, in addition to preventing rabies, other wound infections, such as tetanus infection, should also be prevented. Clostridium tetanus is widely present in the environment and can invade through the rupture of the human skin or mucosa, reproduce and secrete toxins in an hypoxic environment. Tetanus toxin is extremely strong, and it is difficult to treat severe patients. If there is no medical intervention, the mortality rate is extremely high. Therefore, while preventing rabies after animals are injured, we should pay attention to the correct prevention of tetanus .
Author: National Health Science Popularization Expert Database Expert
Emergency Department Deputy Director of Peking University People's Hospital Deputy Director of
Deputy Director of Trauma Treatment Center Wang Chuanlin
Planning: Tan Jia
Edited by: Wang Jianying
Editor: Wang Jianying
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