In recent years, cats and dogs have been loved by everyone, and cute pets have become a part of many people's lives. But the disease that follows is also worrying. is the first to be affected by rabies . Today is World Rabies Day . Let’s listen to the sharing brought to you by experts from the emergency department of Liangjiang Second Hospital (Chinese Hospital).
What is rabies
Rabies is one of the most difficult to treat infectious diseases in the world, and the mortality rate after onset is close to 100%. It is caused by the rabies virus and can invade the acute infectious disease of the central nervous system of humans and animals. Because rabies patients are afraid of drinking water, rabies is also called "water fear".
Rabies virus invades the human body generally can be divided into three major steps: the virus invades the body - spreads along the nerves to the brain - enters the brain.
The period from the invasion of the human body to the brain is the incubation period of rabies. Its incubation period is 2 weeks to 3 months, and 99% of patients have an onset of the disease within one year, which is rare in more than one year, and the longest incubation period is 6 years.
Symptoms of rabies when onset
Clinically, rabies mainly manifests in two types:
1. Manic type: manifests as extreme fear, fear of water, wind, attacking pharyngeal muscle spasm and dysphagia , increased saliva, sweating, and difficulty in urination. After being sick, seeing water, hearing the sound of water flowing, drinking water, and even mentioning drinking water can cause severe pharyngeal muscle spasm; when breeze, if you gently blow the patient's face with your mouth, it can trigger pharyngeal muscle spasm.
2. Paralysis type: mainly manifests as limb paralysis, muscle paralysis, incontinence, etc.
The transmission route of rabies virus
Dogs are not the only animals that can spread rabies. Almost all canine animals, such as cats, wolfs, foxes, bats, , etc., can spread rabies.
Rabies virus cannot be transmitted through the air. It is excreted from the saliva of infected animals and is transmitted to each other through bites. people were bitten or scratched by animals infected with rabies virus; mucous membranes, broken skin or open wounds, licked by animals infected with rabies virus or contaminated by animals infected with rabies virus; infected by transplanting organs or tissues of patients carrying rabies virus.
How to prevent rabies
So far, there is no effective treatment for rabies. Rabies cannot be cured, but it can be prevented! If is infected with rabies virus, it can effectively prevent the onset of rabies by timely and standardized treatment of wounds, standardized vaccination throughout the process, and rational use of rabies immunoglobulin.
How to deal with it after being bitten by an animal
Women should be washed immediately after being bitten by an animal. The wound must be broken open and rinsed with running tap water or soapy water for more than 15 minutes. After rinsing, cover the wound with clean gauze, and then go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Note: Even if the wound is small, it is possible to get infected with rabies. At the same time, it can be infected with tetanus , and the wound is prone to purulent. Therefore, doctors should be requested for rabies vaccine and tetanus prevention treatment.
The principle of rabies vaccination is that the earlier the effect, the better, and it is best to inject it within 24 hours. If the vaccine is injected for more than 24 hours, the vaccine can work as long as the person has not yet developed the disease before the vaccine stimulates the body to produce enough immune antibodies.Therefore, re-vaccine is effective. , starting from the last shot of the entire injection, you don’t need to get a rabies vaccine again if you are bitten within half a year.
I believe that after reading the above popular science, everyone has a certain understanding of rabies! Therefore, after being bitten or scratched by suspicious animals, you don’t have to panic, but you can’t be careless. You should go to the rabies outpatient clinic as soon as possible for standardized treatment. By the end of this year, Chongqing Liangjiang Second Hospital (Chinese Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital) will open an animal injury clinic. If an animal injury occurs accidentally, you can come to the hospital for treatment in time.
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