Author: Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Zhao Weiwen
Now, many families have pets in cities and rural areas, but many citizens do not know about cats and dog bites. These little knowledge needs to be understood when being bitten by cats and dogs.
Should I get rabies vaccine when I was scratched and bitten by my own domestic cat or dog?
was bitten by a cat or dog from your own home and needed a rabies vaccine. Cats and dogs with seemingly healthy appearance may also carry rabies virus . For example, if you take your pet dog at home to wander outside and just come into contact with a stray dog carrying rabies virus, you may be at risk of infection.
Therefore, even if you are scratched and bitten by your own cat or dog, you must rinse and disinfect the wound in time, and go to the hospital for rabies vaccine. At the same time, the owner needs to regularly inject veterinary rabies vaccines to his cat and dog.
Effective rinsing and disinfection of wounds is very important
Use soapy water (or other weakly alkaline cleaning agent) and running water to alternately clean all bites for about 15 minutes, and then use sterile gauze or degreased cotton to suck the residual liquid in the wound. If conditions permit, professional cleaning equipment can be used to rinse the inside of the wound to ensure effective rinsing. Finally, rinse the wound with normal saline to avoid residual soapy water or other cleaning agents in the wound.
thoroughly rinsed, and then disinfected with dilute iodine (0.025%-0.05%), benzalkonium chloride (0.005%-0.01%) or other skin and mucosa disinfectant with virus inactivation effect, to inactivate local residual rabies viruses in the wound.
Do you need to use antibiotics when bitten by cats or dogs?
routine preventive antibiotics are not recommended, but it is recommended for some high-risk wounds. High-risk wounds mainly include: moderate to severe wounds related to
, deep stab wounds, squeeze wounds ;
, wounds in areas with venous or lymphatic damage;
, hands, genitals, faces, wounds close to bones or joints (especially hands and artificial joint );
, bites (such as impaired immune function).
What are the differences between rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin?
Rabies vaccine is an active immune preparation. It is a vaccination that causes the body to produce antibodies to the rabies virus, thereby producing relatively long-lasting immunity, but it takes a certain amount of time for the antibody to be produced. Immunoglobulin in rabies is a passive immune preparation, which is an injection of antibodies to rabies virus, which makes people instantly develop immunity. The two have different working times. The combined use can achieve full coverage of time and achieve the effect of immune diseases.
However, 7 days after vaccination, the human body begins to produce antibodies, and it is not very meaningful to use passive immune preparations at this time.
What is rabies exposure?
Rabies exposure refers to bites, scratches, licking, etc. by host animals that are suspected of rabies or cannot be determined whether they have Rabies , or mucosa contacts saliva or tissue that may contain rabies virus. It can be divided into three levels according to the nature and severity of the exposure. Those who are judged as a third-level exposure should be treated immediately, and rabies patients should be immunoglobulin and rabies vaccinated.
Exposure level | Contact method | Contact method | Prophylactic treatments post-exposure | ||
| Intact skin contact with animals and their secretions or excrements | Clean the exposed area without other medical treatment | |||
Secondary exposure | meets one of the following conditions: ① No bites or scratches with obvious bleeding; ② No obvious wounds or closed but not completely healed wounds contact animals and their secretions or excrements | ① Treat the wound ②Vaccination with rabies vaccine ③Use the passive immune preparation of rabies if necessary | |||
| 1When it is necessary, it meets one of the following conditions: ①Permeable skin bite or scratch, clinical manifestation is obvious bleeding; ②Wounds that have not been closed or Mucosal contacts animals and their secretions or excrements; ③Exposed to Bat | ①Treat wounds ②Use passive immunization preparations ③Vaccination with rabies vaccine |
Why are some places rabies vaccinated 5 times, and some are vaccinated 3 times?
Currently, the vaccination procedures include " apnea " or " apnea ". Vaccination should be selected according to the vaccine's drug instructions.
■ "5 acupuncture" was vaccinated five times in total, with one dose of vaccine each time.
■ "4-application method" was vaccinated three times in total, with 2 doses of vaccines for the first time, and 1 dose of vaccine was received for the second and third time.
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If a certain injection is delayed, how to inoculate the subsequent injections?
According to the Technical Guidelines for Rabies Prevention and Control ( 2016 Edition)》, When a certain injection is delayed by one or several days, the subsequent injection time will be delayed according to the delayed interval time of the original immune program. For vaccination after exposure, the full vaccination should be completed strictly in accordance with the procedure time. It is important to complete the first 3 shots in a week.
Can the vaccine brand be changed during vaccination?
should try to use the same brand of rabies vaccine to complete the full vaccination. If this cannot be achieved, a qualified rabies vaccine can be replaced with different brands.
If the original vaccination procedure was the "5-injection method" and the replacement vaccination procedure was the "4-injection method", then the vaccination procedure still needs to be vaccinated according to the "5-injection method" after the replacement.
If the original vaccination procedure was the "4-injection method" and the replacement vaccination procedure was the "5-injection method", then the replacement must be vaccinated according to the "5-injection method".In other words, the two doses of vaccines received for the first time in the "4-injection method" are equivalent to the first dose of the "5-injection method". Subsequently, the "5-injection method" will be given another 4 shots.
For special populations, there are no contraindications for vaccination of rabies
, pregnant women and lactating women: Domestic and foreign studies have consistently shown that it is safe for pregnant women and lactating women to be vaccinated with rabies, and the incidence of adverse reactions is not significantly different from that of non-pregnant women, and will not have any impact on the fetus. Therefore, pregnant women and breastfeeding women can receive vaccination normally.
. Children: During the rabies vaccination period, other vaccines can be vaccinated according to the normal immunization procedures, and rabies vaccination is preferred.
At present, domestic and foreign scholars have not found an effective way to cure rabies, and rabies is important in prevention. If you are bitten by a cat or dog, you should go to the hospital for rabies vaccination and other treatments in time.
Reviewer: Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Zhao Huibin
or above are original works of volunteers of the "Drug Safety Cooperation Alliance". If reprinted, please indicate the author and source!
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