Beijing time on November 30, 2022, Qatar World Cup Group D will usher in a competition between France and Tunisia , which is also the first time the two teams meet in the World Cup. If we look at the Tunisian team's roster, we will find that many players in their team have French nationality. This situation is undoubtedly related to the history of Tunisia, so what is the origin between Tunisia and France in history?
1. The French came
The Republic of Tunisia was founded in 1957, but from the perspective of civilization history, this place has a long history. As a strategic location for North Africa , Tunisia witnessed the rise and fall of Carthage , Vandal Kingdom , the ancient Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire , and the Arab Empire. After modern times, Tunisia was long under the rule of Ottoman Empire . In 1705, a rebellion broke out in Tunisia. The governor of Tunisia overthrew the highest commander of the Ottoman Empire in Tunisia and established the Hussein dynasty, but he still nominally wanted to submit to the Ottoman Empire. all in all. Tunisia enjoyed a certain degree of autonomy under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and flourished through piracy, development of industry and commercial trade.
Ancient Roman-style architectural relics in Tunisia
3, led by Britain and France, has begun a frenzy of establishing overseas colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America. It was during this period that Tunisia gradually became a French colony. In 1830, France occupied Algeria , and began to infiltrate Tunisia through economic, political, military and other means. In April 1881, French troops invaded Tunisia from Algeria. In May of the same year, the French army captured Tunisia city and forced the Tunisian rulers to sign the Treaty of Bardu. From then on, Tunisia became a French colony. France's colonial rule had a great impact on Tunisia. The French carried out a series of modern reforms on the city of Tunisia and established water supply, natural gas, electricity and public transportation systems. A large number of Europeans also came here to settle down. The French achieved certain results in the construction of Tunisia.
Tunisia under French rule
Although Tunisia was not affected in World War I , France's colonial rule over Tunisia suffered a severe blow in World War II . France was occupied by Nazi German in in World War II, thus losing control over Tunisia. From 1942 to 1943, Italy occupied the entire territory of Tunisia. Tunisia not only became an Italian colony, but also an important battlefield in central and northern Africa in World War II. In 1943, the Allied forces launched the torch operation to land in North Africa and drove the Axis powers out of Tunisia in Battle of Tunisia. This battle also declared the basic end of the North African battlefield of . The Axis powers were severely damaged, laying the foundation for the Allied forces to land in Sicily later.
Tunisia Battle Victory
2. Tunisia Miracle
After the end of World War II, Tunisia was taken over by France. Although the French colonial authorities carried out a series of reforms in Tunisia and suppressed the resistance activities of the Tunisian people, the wave of national liberation that emerged after World War II was unstoppable. In the context of the independence of colonial semi-colonial countries, Tunisia is no exception. On March 20, 1956, Tunisia declared independence and established the Kingdom of Tunisia. France and Turkish signed the Joint Protocol to France and Turkish, and France officially recognized Tunisia's independence. A year later, Tunisia announced the establishment of the Republic and took office as the first president.
Habib Burgiba
After independence, Tunisia underwent earth-shaking changes, one of the most obvious features is Arabization, and the proportion of European population in Tunisia gradually decreased, which also alleviated the domestic contradictions in Tunisia. In addition to Arabization, Tunisia also carried out modernization reforms after independence.Tunisia has been practicing economic liberalization since its first president, Burgiba. His successor Ben Ali continued this while further promoting economic reforms to attract foreign investment. Tunisia's economic reform has been effective. In the past 20 years since 1987, Tunisia's GDP has continued to grow at an average annual rate of 5%, and the per capita GDP of has risen from US$1,200 in 1986 to US$3,800 in 2008. According to the annual report of the World Economic Competitiveness Forum from 2009 to 2010, Tunisia ranked first among 133 African countries in terms of economic competitiveness and improvement of quality of life, ranking 40th in the world. Tunisia's economic development is therefore also known as the "Tunisian miracle".
Tunisia's urban scenery
3. Where to go
The world financial crisis in 2008 also had a certain impact on Tunisia. Although Tunisia's industrial and economic structure did not suffer a significant impact, its tourism industry suffered a heavy blow, which caused complaints from the people at the bottom who rely on the tourism surrounding industries to make a living. The poor people are like a bundle of dry firewood. As long as there is a spark, a raging fire will be ignited. In 2011, a government official slapped a male vendor while enforcing the law. The vendor set himself on fire in front of the government building for an hour after being humiliated, and the local government simply transferred the official involved. The government's understatement, coupled with the long-standing resentment of the people, and the fanning of local social media, triggered anti-government demonstrations. This incident is called the "Jasmine Revolution". The revolution ended with the president's escape and Tunisia re-established a new government.
However, the difficulties in Tunisia continue. In 2021, demonstrations broke out again in Tunisia due to the impact of the epidemic, unemployment, corruption and other aspects. On July 25, Tunisian President Sayed launched a coup, dismissed the Prime Minister, closed the parliament, and embarked on the road of personal dictatorship. It is still unknown what will happen in Tunisia.
Tunisian mass demonstrations
Wenshijun said
It is true that Tunisia has achieved some gratifying achievements after independence, especially in the field of economic development. However, the political and social unrest in Tunisia in the past 10 years have also exposed the common problem of most newly independent Asian, African and Latin America countries after World War II, that is, the imperfect political democratization. Once the country's economic development encounters setbacks, many Asian, African and Latin America countries will fall into a vicious circle of political turmoil and dictatorial rule. Only by relying on their own efforts can people of all countries truly get rid of this vicious circle and embark on an independent, prosperous and strong life.
References
Wang Feng: "Analysis of the economic situation and prospects of Tunisia since the upheaval of the Middle East", "Middle East Research" No. 2, 2021.
Li Jingqiang: "Tunisian constitutional referendum, the president's "one-man show"? 》, "World Knowledge" No. 17, 2022.
(Author: Haoran Literature and History·Friends of ABC)
This article is an original work of Haoran Literature and History popularization self-media. Reproduction is prohibited without authorization!
The pictures used in this article are all from the Internet search unless otherwise specified. If there is any infringement, please contact the author to delete it. Thank you!
Haoran Literature and History is a popular media for the whole doctoral team of literature and history, and a high-quality author of literature and history on the mainstream platform of the entire network. makes professional history more interesting and interesting content more in-depth. Ancient and modern times,Archaeology and literature,For more content, please follow our public account with the same name (id: haoranwenshi)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-