Pang Kaigui is a historical and cultural enthusiast, freelance writer, group member of Chongqing Old Street, and serves Chengjiang Town Cultural Service Center. The water of the clear river is as pure as a training, and the waves are not shocked by the splendor of the golden sand

[Author Profile] Pang Kaigui, a historical and cultural enthusiast, freelance writer, Chongqing Old Street group member, serving Chengjiang Town Cultural Service Center

Chengjiang Jisheng

Chengjiang River water is as clean as a training, and the waves are not shocked by the golden sand.

star wells, and three thousand tributaries were laid.

Tiansheng Juzhen Yangyucheng, Three Gorges is the iron lock horizontal.

Huayang Hei Water surges upstream, and the scenery of Huixia is coming to the west.

——Guo Zhenghu ( Qing Dynasty Bishan scholar)

●Road traffic

Highway: Chengjiang's first highway is "Chengwen Highway". In 1940, Lu Ziying and Chengjiang gentry strongly advocated the construction of the highway from Chengjiang to Beiquan Park, namely the "Chengwen Highway". The construction committee was established that year. Construction started in March and planned to build three kilometers. However, due to the rise in prices, the project will be half of the year, with the use of 300,000 yuan (Fiscal currency). The 100,000 yuan raised in advance is far from enough, and the project was forced to stop. In the spring of 1942, Lan Wenbin and Beibei Administration reported to the Sichuan Provincial Government for a subsidy of 100,000 yuan and a subsidy of 150,000 yuan from the Ministry of Military Affairs' gasoline plant. The project was resumed. In 1943, a mud stone road from the bridge to the south of Chengjiang was completed and opened to traffic, and it crossed the stream to Chengjiang. Later, Lan Wenbin connected the highway to the canal " Meilingtang ", a total of about 5 kilometers.

1 The construction of the Yunan Highway began in 1952. The Chengjiang section was from Tangfangzui to Tanba. Chengjiang mobilized 5,000 people to participate in the highway construction. The Beibei Chengjiang section of the Yunan Highway was officially completed and opened to traffic in 1956. The project volume is mainly in Chengjiang.

group photo of the preparations for the construction of Chengwen Highway (2 from the left in the back row, 1 from the right in the right in the right in the Beibei Administration Bureau Lu Ziying, director of the Beibei Administration Bureau, 3 from the right in the front row, 3 from the right in the front row, 5 from the right in the right in the right in the right in the right in the right in

Daming Factory Director Zhu Yixun (Father-in-law of Li P) drove an American Jeep on Chengwen Highway

The earliest bus in Chengjiang: December 22, 1945, Baoyuan Coal Mine, Chengjiang Town Office, Chengjiang Electric Light Company, Xinya Pharmaceutical Factory, Fuxinglong Coal Mine, Heping Coal Mine and Central Surveying and Mapping School, Lixin Middle School and other units jointly raised funds to prepare for the "Chengjiang Town United Vehicle". Tickets were officially sold on April 12 of the following year. At 6 a.m. every day, the tickets were driven from Tangfangzui Station in Chengjiang Town to Cangping Street, Shizhong District, and drove back to the original place at 11:00 a.m. that day, with one shift every day.

This old tooth truck that burns charcoal as a power is a transformation of old trucks. It is slow and often has problems. People at that time joked: went one to two or three miles, broke down four or five times, repaired the car six or seven times, and eighty or ninety people pushed .

Chengjiang Bridge:

Original Chengjiang Bridge

1 On September 21, 2019, while the Yunan Highway was built, the Chengjiang Bridge began construction and was officially completed and opened to traffic in 1955. The Chengjiang Bridge is about 300 meters long, with stones and prefabricated structures, and a single lane. Previously, the place was a simple bamboo and wooden bridge. It is said that the bridge's middle bridge was too deep to dig a hard bottom, so people had to use fir to drive piles as the foundation. The craftsmen's technical level was very strong at that time, and any quality problems have occurred so far. Since the main cross-track single lane cannot meet the traffic needs, the bridge was rebuilt elsewhere, and this bridge is currently only for pedestrians to walk.

(Note : In the past, when going to Chengjiang to Beibei , you took a land walk through Huangliangzui Bridge or a nearby simple wooden bridge. Whenever you encounter a surge of water, you need to walk on the stone lily (the name of the Wei Zi River Society comes from this), or take the "Yi Ferry". Later, the canal was stored in water, and the stone lily was flooded, and people crossed the river through the canal dam. In 1964, Sichuan Yijiu Factory moved to Chengjiang. In the 1970s, the government built a small bridge on the canal ridge for easy access for the people).

Huangliangzui Bridge: is located at the intersection of the canal and Jialing River . This is a four-hole five-stone flat bridge, about eight meters high, about three meters wide and about sixty meters long.It was rebuilt by floods many times, and it cannot be verified in the specific construction date. It was the main channel for Chengjiang Old Street to Beibei, Jinyun Mountain, and Caijiagou in the old days. Especially when the canal was built, it was the main road for carrying coal. With the completion of the Canal and Chengjiang Bridge, few people are currently walking.

Chengjiang Wharf

Chengjiang Field has been a material distribution and trading center by the Jialing River since ancient times, and is an important wharf for the people around the surrounding areas, including Bishan. From Suining in Fujiang , Qujiang , Guangan , Guangan , Guangyuan , to Chongqing Chaotianmen, and to Yangtze River , this route transports grain, fruit, tea and wine , coal, stone, salt, etc. all year round, and people also travel when they go out of Sichuan and go home.

Chengjiang Canal Wharf

Chengjiang had only one upper wharf (Douya Bay Wharf) in the early days, which provided for ships to dock at the wharf. Later, due to the establishment of coal mines, there were many coal stacks at Xiaxikou. Especially after the Anti-Japanese War, the material transportation was busy and the population increased, and the following wharfs gradually formed. During its heyday, there were only a few hundred boats of all sizes and sizes docked by the river, from Eumtan Beach to Majiatuo, densely packed more than one kilometer.

Chengjiangkou had a lot of boatmen, also known as boatmen and "Labaer". They traveled all the years and went to Zhaohua in Guangyuan (Zhaohua is the birthplace of Wu Zetian . Legend has it that the girl is very beautiful, there is a proverb that "I don't want my parents when I arrive in Zhaohua"), and went to Yichang and even Hankou.

Sangfangzui Pier

mainly has 5 piers, Upper pier (Douya Bay), Zheng Wharf (Bridge River Wharf), Xiaxi Wharf (lower pier), Canal Estuary Wharf and Tangfangzui Pier.

The dock is in Douya Bay under Erlang Beach. Zhongjiba blocks the surging Jialing River water and forms a natural harbor. Therefore, there are more ships that dock for a long time here, such as fishing boats, means of production transport ships and people's living ships. It is also a "checkpoint" and a "checkpoint" for ships to pass by Chengjiang. At that time, the Gorges Defense Bureau and Lan Wenbin's 7th Division both set up "checkpoints" in some places.

Zheng Wharf was originally a crossing dock from Chengjiang to Baiyangbei. At that time, because there were Fuxinghe and (changed to Fuxinglong after liberation), Eryan and other coal mines, their workers and their families had the need to cross the river. In addition, the people in Xishanping and Caojie also needed to cross the river. The flow of people was particularly large, and several wooden boats put into operation were running. After liberation, two wooden boats were also installed to cross the river alternately. With the rise of land traffic, crossing the river was moved down and the pier was discontinued.

Xiaxikou Wharf is the largest passenger and freight dual-purpose wharf in Chengjiang. The upstream is Libixia , the downstream is Wentang Gorge, opposite is Baiyangbei and Zhangfei Ancient Road in Xishanping. The coal transportation of Baoyuan Coal Mine, Suichuan Coal Mine, and passing ships in the Jialing River are mostly docked here. There are hundreds of ships transporting raw coal and barges and on the river all year round. It is spectacular, and it is welcoming and sending every day, with bright lights and wine, and it is very lively. Today, Xiaxikou Wharf is still a river ferry, and ferries are reserved for people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to exchange. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　�

Yi Ferry Club: On March 15, 1930, the Yi Ferry Club of Chengjiang Town was established, with Zhou Yanyu as the president, and he built 20 stones of land and 3 street rooms in Majiatuo, bought two ferry boats, and asked four ferry workers to support ferry pedestrians from Chengjiang Town to Baishatuo, and the river was opposite. The valley is recovered every year, and the annual rent of the house is equivalent to 3.5 stone of the valley, and the ferry workers will pay two dou of rice per month. In addition, there is a Yi ferry in Yanhe (Canal) in Tonglin Township. There are two ferry workers and two ferry workers, which are maintained by Yanhe fishery income.

In October 28 of the Republic of China (1939), Chongqing Sales Hospital set up a Hengjiang Yi Ferry in Beiquan. There was a ferry boat. Every day, Sales Hospital sent children to Eryan to push the ferry to Eryan without collecting back and forth pedestrians.

River dam : 927 Lu Zuofu became the director of the Gorges Defense Bureau, the situation in Beibei was quickly alleviated. According to Lu Zuofu's "combining troops with work", the Gorges Defense Bureau established many labor teams, including sewing, making straw sandals, weaving, making masons, and installing telephones. The fourth team was responsible for the Taotan of Jialing River.

Because the water in Erlangtan in the upper reaches of the Jialing River was dangerous, ships were often sunk by floods during the rising water season, and many ships would be stranded in the dry water season, and safety accidents often occurred. In 1930, the Fourth Detachment of the Gorges Defense Bureau spent two years building a river barricade on the left side of the CIMC dam in Erlangtan (between Chengjiang Town and Caojiezi). The river dam is about 120 meters long, three meters high and five meters wide. After the river barrage was completed, the water during the dry period was concentrated on the right side of the Jialing River Zhongji Dam (east of the Jialing River), greatly improving navigation efficiency and navigation safety.

Partial map of Chengjiang River Dam (In 2011, Jialing River Zhongji Dam was damaged due to the construction of sand and gravel, and the river section was diverted to Zhongji Dam)

●Ancient ruins, parodies, tombs

Large earth ruins is on the right bank of the Jialing River, the former Silenbeisushui, Wusuxi, Shangmatai Village (now submerged). Neolithic artifacts were unearthed, 4,600 years ago. The unearthed lace-slim-bellied jars, bulge-bellied jars, oblique-bellied jars, barrel-shaped jars, etc. have been found in the second and third phases of the Zhaopengzui site in Zhongxian County, a long period of time, and in Jiegui and Yichang.

Hezui site is on the right bank of the Jialing River, Liyu Stone Society in Shangmatai Village. Unearthed are cultural relics from Tang, , Five Dynasties, and Song, Liao and Jin dynasties. According to investigation and exploration, the stratigraphic accumulation of the site can be divided into six layers, which is a site where humans fired ceramics in the ancient Jialing River Basin.

Juehua City Stone Pagoda is a hexagonal stone pagoda, 100 meters away from Fuxing Temple in Huangyangou, Jinyun Village. The tower is about 2.4 meters high and hexagonal, about 1.6 meters wide. There is a stone gate on the front, which is 0.8 meters high and 0.6 meters wide. The stone pillars are carved with couplets: "The tower is strong in a thousand miles, and the true appearance is always there for thousands of years", and the banner is "Juehua City". The tower is hollow, and there is a one-meter-high six-screw stone pillar with the words "Qiuyuegu Dankai Chu Xiangheng Chen Kechang" engraved on it. The entire stone tower is finely crafted and was built during the Qianlong period of the early Qing Dynasty. "Awakening" means the incarnation of Buddha. Buddhism believes that the true body of the Buddha is the Dharma body, and people in the world cannot see it, and what can be seen is the incarnation of the Buddha, so Sakyamuni is called "thousands and billions of incarnations". The top of Juehua City Tower and the hexagonal top are damaged.

Song Dynasty tomb group and Yang Yuanjia tomb are on the canal of Chengjiang Village. There are more than ten ancient tombs, which are Southern Song Dynasty tomb group. Due to the long history, most of them have been buried under the loess. The construction of Chengjiang Village Highway was discovered in 2013. One of them is the cemetery of Yang Yuanjia, a couple who was the magistrate of Hechuan and Jiangjin in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is large in scale and exquisite in workmanship. According to the study, Yang Yuanjia was from Bayue, and the tomb was a tomb during his lifetime. The tomb was built in Chengjiang, which means that his ancestral home or was born in Chengjiang. Because of the complex affiliation of Chengjiang in the Song Dynasty, the records were not accurate enough, and the changes were frequently made. According to the habit of falling leaves returning to their roots, Yang Yuanjia should be from Chengjiang.

Ming and Qing ancient tombs is near Daijiayuanshe in Jinyun Village. The tomb group is nearly ten acres in radius. It was built in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a full stone structure, exquisite and luxurious. Most of the ancient tombs are well preserved, and the tombstone inscriptions are clearly visible. Most of them are the tombs of monks, presiders and lay Buddhists in temples. This is related to the many temples in Jinyun Mountain. Monk tombs are rarely found in other places, but there are many and concentrated here, including the double-cavity stone tomb chamber.

Baozhai

Shizi Peak Village is located on the top of Lion Peak in Jinyun Mountain, Jinyun Village. It was built in the 11th year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1861), with an altitude of 864 meters. The city gate is 94 cm wide, 198 cm high, and a depth of 225 cm. There are three words "Lion Peak" above the city gate. It is an old military defense fortification.

Qinglongzhai At the Shihua Temple Club in Jinyun Village, on the western mountain pass about 100 meters away from Shihua Temple, it is a mountain village for bandit prevention and also a large-scale and well-preserved mountain village on Jinyun Mountain. The mountain village was built in the Jiaqing year of the Qing Dynasty. It is a round arched double-men village with two gates in the north and south. The north and north gates are engraved with the construction date "The day of the Huan Mao in the middle of the winter of the Jiaqing year of the Qing Dynasty" (1798). Currently, many walls are still intact.

　　In addition, due to geographical location and historical reasons, Chengjiang has many copycats defending against bandits and foreign enemies, especially in the Qing Dynasty, the construction of the copycats reached its climax. In addition to the Shizifeng Village, there are also Jiulong Village, Qingyun Village, Yunfeng Village, Yunfeng Village, etc. on Jinyun Mountain.

Old Street Temple

During the Qing Dynasty, Chengjiang Old Street had two temples, Wangye Temple and Yuewang Temple.

Negritorial Temple was built in the late Qing Dynasty. Because of frequent floods in several rivers in Chengjiang, Jialing River, Erlangtan, Tongzihao and Jiukouguo, in order to pray for safety, the local water head, dock master and boat gang jointly raised funds to build it. It was the " Zhenjiang " Prince Temple. This worship is not a certain "prince" but the mythological and legendary Dragon Prince. The Prince Temple can be seen in almost all cities around the river.

Chengjiang Wangye Temple is built against the mountain, with a saddle-shaped high slope on three sides, a stream flows around the temple wall toward the Jialing River, with deep ditches and rapid water. There is a small stone arch bridge connected to the old street. Because the stone bridge is often flooded by the Jialing River, the streets are renovated and the road surface is raised, so there is a layer of stone arch bridge on the stone arch bridge. Therefore, there is a saying that "The Prince's Temple builds a school, and you will get a bridge and heavy bridge when you go out." There are more than a dozen hundred-year-old trees by the stream, covering the sky and the sun, and the dangerous rocks on both sides are towering. They are facing the Jialing River. The attic in front of the temple is surrounded by high stone walls. The two main halls are magnificent. The three golden characters "Prince Temple" are painted with gold. In front and behind the temple, ancient trees are towering, and the temple is full of incense. There are 60 or 70 monks in the temple. Two temple fairs are held every year (the temple fair is also a gathering of friends and material exchanges and trade fairs, etc.), especially on the sixth day of the sixth day of the year, the streets and alleys are filled with the streets and alleys, which are very lively. Legend has it that the Dragon King of the East China Sea wants to wash the scales on this day, and people will wash and dry clothes on this day for auspicious purposes. This day is also called " Washing and Suning Festival ".

The Qing Dynasty Guo Zhenghuo described the "Prince Temple" of Chengjiang in the poem "Chengjiang Jisheng" as follows: "The mountain is steep on the waterfront, and there are ancient temples hidden deep willows in it. The houses are vaguely surrounded by Zen Pass. A city is surrounded by the left and right", and there are also "The Zen forest is lingering every day, and the flow of autumn is over at a few days. Because I met monks in the city of Hai, I met thousands of hu of dust in an instant". After Lan Wenbin took the lead in opening a school here, the number of monks in the Prince Temple gradually decreased, and it was demolished in 1957 after liberation.

953 The graduation photo of students from Sanxia Middle School in front of the Wangye Temple

Yuewang Temple is between Chengjiangkou and Xiaxikou, at the dock on the Chengjiang River. It is adjacent to the "Synony Fu" teahouse at the entrance of the Paoge Tongtang of Chengjiang. The temple houses Yue Fei and Guan Yu , and there are no monks, Taoist priests, ngs, etc. Yuewang Temple is in full bloom. Every day on the first and fifteenth day of the day, there are endless men and women who come to burn incense and worship Buddha. The dragon head after the Chengjiang Dragon Boat Race is also offered here every year. Perhaps Yue Fei can really bless you. Whether at Chengjiang Wharf or at Beibei Wharf, Chengjiang Dragon Boat will win the first place every year. After liberation, Yuewang Temple was demolished, and the "Synony Fu" teahouse was also changed to a store in Chengjiang Supply and Marketing Cooperative. Because there is no exact place name, everyone calls it "Amitabha". As long as they are from Chengjiang, they say "Amitabha", they know that it refers to this place.

Chengjiang has a long history, and there are many temples and Buddhist temples of all kinds, especially eight more famous temples in Jinyun Mountain. Among them, Jinyun Temple and Hot Spring Temple are even more famous.

(Some pictures are from the cultural security volunteers Dayin and the Internet, thanks Chengjiang for being the same)

(Chengjiang past collection: photos, pictures, aerial photography and other works)