Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( Urdu : اسلامی جمہوریہ پا۩ستان, English: Islamic Republic of Pakistan), referred to as "Pakistan", meaning "holy land" and "haal country". More than 95% of residents believe in Islam and is a multi-ethnic Islamic country. Mandarin is Urdu.
Constitution
Capital Islamabad
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, three constitutions were promulgated in 1956, 1962 and 1973. In 1977, Zia Hak implemented military law control and partially suspended the implementation of the constitution. In 1985, the 8th Amendment of the Constitution was passed, granting the President the power to dissolve the National Assembly and the Federal Cabinet, and appoint and remove military leaders and judges. The 12th Amendment to the Constitution passed in July 1991 stipulates that the federal government has the right to establish special courts and appeals courts to combat crime and rectify social security. In April 1997, the Sharif government passed the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in Parliament, abolishing the President's power to dissolve the National Assembly and the Federal Cabinet, and returning the power to dissolve the Provincial Assembly and the Provincial Cabinet, appointing and removing the Provincial Governor, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chairman of the Joint Conference, and the Supreme Court judge to the Prime Minister for exercise. Subsequently, the Pakistani Parliament passed the "Anti-job Job Law" of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, which aims to strictly prohibit MPs from rebelling against the party.1999 Musharraf issued the provisional Order No. 1, announcing the suspension of the implementation of the Constitution. In August 2002, Muslim issued the "Legal Framework Order (LFO)" and announced the restoration of the 1973 Constitution and the 8th Amendment to the Hacky Times Constitution, which stipulated that the president had the right to dissolve the National Assembly and appoint the chairman of the Joint Conference and the chief of staff of the three armed forces. In December 2003, the Pakistani Parliament passed the 17th Amendment to the Constitution, which stipulates that the president has the right to dissolve the parliament after approval by the Supreme Court and has the right to appoint and remove the leaders of the three armies after consultation with the Prime Minister. In April 2010, the Pakistani Parliament passed the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, agreeing to abolish the 17th Amendment to the Constitution promulgated by former President Musharraf, abolishing the president's privilege of disbanding the parliament, and at the same time announced the lifting of the ban on the Prime Minister's inability to serve for three terms. On April 19, Pakistani President Zardari officially signed the constitutional amendment, and many of the president's powers will be transferred to the Prime Minister and Parliament.
On December 22, 2010, the Pakistani Parliament unanimously passed the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, giving the Prime Minister certain decision-making power to appoint judges of the High Court and the Supreme Court, and the President will finally recognize the decision results. On February 20, 2012, the Pakistani Parliament passed the 20th Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished the power of the president to appoint the Prime Minister to the guardian government and was determined by consultation and determination by the Prime Minister and the opposition leader. The amendment also includes extension of the term of office of the Election Commission.
In January 2015, the Pakistan National Assembly and Senate respectively passed the 21st Amendment to the Constitution to establish a two-year military court to quickly hear terrorism and cases endangering national security. In June 2016, the 22nd Amendment was passed, which adjusted the qualifications of members of the Election Commission. In January 2017, the Pakistan National Assembly and the Senate passed the 23rd Amendment, restoring the military court established by the 21st Amendment and extending it for two years.
Parliament
Pakistani Parliament is the legislative body of Pakistani federal. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1947, Pakistan implemented a one-cabinet system for a long time. After the promulgation of the Constitution in 1973, the two-chamber system was implemented, namely the National Assembly (Second House) and the Senate (Second House). The National Assembly was elected by universal suffrage, and the Senate was selected by the Provincial Assembly and the National Assembly according to the principle of equal seats in each province.
There are 342 seats in the National Assembly, of which 272 are universal seats, and are directly elected by voters and adopted the principle of simple majority. 60 seats are reserved for women and 10 seats are reserved for non-Muslims, and are distributed by each political party according to the proportion of votes received by the general election. The National Assembly has one Speaker and one Deputy Speaker, and the term of office of the member of parliament is five years. The Senate has 100 seats, with a term of six years, and half of the members are re-elected every three years. There is one chairman and one vice chairman, with a term of office of three years.
The Constitution stipulates that members of parliament are not allowed to have dual nationality.
On May 31, 2018, the last National Assembly completed its five-year term and was disbanded after the term expired. Pakistan will hold national parliamentary elections and provincial parliamentary elections on July 25.
On March 3, 2018, Pakistan held a re-election of the Senate. On March 12, independent candidate Sadiq Sangirani from Balochistan Province was elected chairman of the Senate.
political parties
Pakistan implements a multi-party system, with about 200 existing political parties, the most important of which are:
Pakistan People's Party
referred to as the People's Party, established in December 1967, with its main spheres of influence in Sindh and Punjab. The BJP advocates parliamentary democracy, freedom and equality and economic privatization. In December 1993, the Central Executive Committee of the People's Party unanimously elected Bebhto as the chairman of the party. In March 1998, the People's Party and 16 other parties formed an opposition alliance, "Pakistan People's Alliance". In February 1999, Bertho was elected as the lifelong chairman of the party. On October 18, 2007, Bet Bhutto returned to Pakistan for the first time after 8 years of exile. After Bebhto was attacked and died on December 27 of the same year, his son Bilawar Zardari and his husband Asif Ali Zardari served as chairman and co-chairmen of the BJP respectively.
Pakistan Muslim League (Leadership)
referred to as Muslim League (Leadership) was established on March 25, 2001 and is currently the chairman of Choudhury Shujat Hussein. After the party split from the Muslim League (Sharif faction), it attracted many famous politicians from the latter and won one-third of the seats in the 2001 local government county and mayor elections, becoming an important political force in Pakistani politics. In the 2002 National Assembly elections, the Muslim League (leader faction) won 46% of the seats, becoming the largest party, and formed a ruling alliance with some small parties in November of the same year.
Pakistan Muslim League (Sharif School)
is called the Muslim League (Sharif School). It was established in 1906 and was called the All India Muslim League at that time. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1947, it was changed to its current name. Historically, the party has been divided several times. The Party Constitution stipulates that political, social and economic reforms should be realized in Pakistan. In the 1993 parliamentary elections, the Muslim League (Sharif faction) became the second largest party and the largest opposition party in Pakistan. In February 1997, the party won a two-thirds majority of the Palestinian National Assembly and formed a government, and the party’s chairman, Mohamed Nawaz Sharif, became prime minister. On October 12, 1999, Musharraf, then chief of staff of the Army, took over the regime, Sharif was arrested and sentenced, and his wife Kursum acted as party affairs. In November 2000, Eshujat Husse had differences with leaders such as Kursum because some of the leaders of the Muslim League oppose joining the National Democratic League to cooperate with the People's Party. They formed the Muslim League (Hakkiki faction), but they still belonged to the Muslim League (Sharif faction), with Sharif as the chairman. On December 10 of the same year, Sharif went into exile in Saudi Arabia. In November 2007, Sharif continued to serve as the leader of the party after returning to Pakistan.
Justice Movement Party (Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf)
was established in 1996. The chairman is Pakistan's household name cricket star Imran Khan. The party put forward slogans such as change and equality, and won 35 seats in the 2013 National Assembly election, becoming the third largest party in the National Assembly, and ruled in Khyber Pashtun Province.
Politics
President: Arif Alvi
Current Prime Minister: Imran Khan
Organization
2015 SCO Ufa Summit, member states initiated the procedure to receive Pakistan's accession to the SCO.
2016 Tashkent Summit signed a memorandum on Pakistan's obligation to join the SCO.
From June 8 to 9, 2017, the 17th meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was held in the capital of Kazakhstan Astana . The press release of the meeting on the 9th stated that Pakistan's accession will further promote the development space and cooperation potential of the SCO. Pakistan officially joined the SCO.
This article was edited by Toutiao Encyclopedia users Nuan Feng Nan, Zhou Zai Guoli, Wanding Xingchendong, users 2993386157159, and aditi Juna.
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