With a "bang", a guerrilla column political commissar fell down.
The most difficult revolutionary fighter who joined the party in 1927 was shot and executed by the Military Law Department of the New Fourth Army!
is a traitor or traitor.
Is this person named He Ming really a traitor?
No, he is not! But Chairman Mao mentioned He Ming many times in his life: "In the history of our party, there is no such thing as taking off a gun at will except for the He Ming incident."
1. Chairman Mao mentioned He Ming many times that he was dangerous
He Ming was indeed not a prominent figure in our party, but he gradually became famous due to Chairman Mao's repeated mentions.
11937, with the continuous loss of Shanghai and Taiyuan, the issue of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in fighting against Japan was before them. Chairman Mao proposed at the Yan'an meeting that we should be vigilant against the "rightist" thought arising from the party, which specifically pointed out "He Ming's danger". This is the first time that "He Ming is dangerous" is proposed, and it is also the first time that Chairman Mao criticized He Ming by name at the conference.
After 8 years, in 1945, Chairman Mao brought up the old story again. At this time, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party faced the issue of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party negotiating peaceful establishment of the country after Japan was defeated and lost. Under the invitation of three consecutive telegrams from Chiang Kai-shek , Chairman Mao set off to Chongqing to attend the Hongmen Banquet that caused sensation in China and abroad. However, two days before going to Chongqing, at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on August 26, 1945, Chairman Mao clearly stated that the principle that this negotiation would never sign the "Under the City Alliance". He said: "In the history of our party, there is no incident of casually storing guns except the He Ming incident." This is another public talk about He Ming.
Chongqing negotiation stills
All the Chinese know that Chongqing negotiations are an important talks to discuss the future of China's nationality and national destiny after the war. Why did Chairman Mao mention the past at such a major moment? I have been obsessed with for eight years, which shows that the influence of this incident on Chairman Mao and our party is lasting and profound.
Later, with the publication and publication of materials such as "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" and "Chronicle of Mao Zedong", He Ming became more and more well-known to the world and became more and more curious:
Who is he?
Why did he sloppyly surrender the gun in his hand?
Why is he worthy of Chairman Mao’s repeated mentions?
What did he do and was executed by the New Fourth Army headquarters?
2. How did "He Ming Danger" happen?
He Ming, whose original name is He Junxi, was born in Wanning County, Hainan Province in 1903. He devoted himself to the underground party activities of the Communist Party of China very early. He served as secretary of the Wanning County Party Committee of the Communist Youth League. He joined the Communist Party of China in December 1927. It can be said that he is a veteran in the party.
Later, because the Kuomintang carried out a large-scale search of Hainan revolutionaries, He Ming had to go to Southeast Asia, Singapore and other places. In 1931, He Ming guerrillas in Xiamen , Zhangzhou and other places, and served as the political instructor of the Third Regiment of the Southern Fujian Red Army. With his rich struggle experience and outstanding leadership skills, by the end of 1932, He Ming was appointed as Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Political Commissar of the Third Regiment of the Red Army. With the establishment of the Fujian-Guangdong Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China (1936), He Ming quickly became the acting secretary of the Special Committee. At that time, he was only 33 years old, which was the time to make achievements. Judging from the development of this resume, if there was no "He Ming Danger" incident, he would have developed into an outstanding general in our party, but why did he get involved in the word "danger" and was mentioned by Chairman Mao many times?
In 1927, the Kuomintang launched two counter-revolutionary coups, slaughtering and purgeing Communists in a large number of ways. Since then, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have parted ways, completely becoming enemies, and struggles have spread all over the motherland. At that time, the Fujian-Guangdong Border Region led by He Ming and others was an important revolutionary base for the Communist Party of China. At the climax, the sphere of influence included , southern Fujian and 16 counties in eastern Guangdong, with more than 240 party branches, more than 4,800 Red Army and more than 7,000 peasants. It is an armed force that cannot be underestimated.In order to suppress this armed force, Chiang Kai-shek specially transferred the 157th Division of the Guangdong Army to southern Fujian in 1936, in an attempt to encircle and suppress the revolutionary forces of the Communist Party of China.
In China at that time, in addition to the confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the Communist Party, there were even more serious ethnic conflicts. Since Japan launched the " September 18th Incident " in 1931, the Sino-Japanese ethnic conflict has gradually become the main contradiction in China. Faced with the change in the domestic situation, Chiang Kai-shek did not change his political attitude and always put the suppression of the Communist Party first, which led to the dissatisfaction of some Kuomintang generals. Zhang Xueliang . It was in this severe and absurd situation that Yang Hucheng launched military advice and forced Chiang Kai-shek to accept the united front proposition of "stop civil war and unite in resisting Japan" proposed by our party. The second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party kicked off, and the relationship between them took a major turning point.
The situation of bipartisan cooperation in anti-Japanese war has caused some people in the party to have naive and unrealistic fantasies, thinking that the Kuomintang will put aside its prejudice, treat me sincerely, and jointly strengthen China's national defense power.
Soon, when the wind of joint anti-Japanese war hit southern Fujian, an error was brewing. In February 1937, He Ming learned about the new trends in cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party through the mouthpiece of the Kuomintang, the Central Daily News, and immediately launched an action, trying to turn wars into pleasing silk with the Kuomintang's 157th Division to reach an agreement to jointly fight against Japan. At the same time, the Special Committee also reported the development of the situation to the Southern Committee of the Communist Party of China.
4, after He Ming's running around, the 157th Division of the Kuomintang "agreed" to the negotiations. However, the Kuomintang completely ignored the overall situation and not only had no sincerity in the negotiations, but even set up a trap to arrest He Ming and others. The arrest of He Ming and others aroused major dissatisfaction in public opinion, and they were eventually released. Afterwards, after many consultations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, an agreement was reached in June 1937. China jointly agreed to reorganize the Red Army guerrillas on the border between Fujian and Guangdong into the National Revolutionary Army, and the Kuomintang also agreed to stop the blockade of the Soviet area. The agreement
itself does not have much problem. The problem is that He Ming did not obey the instructions of the Southern Committee of "negotiation on the spot and cannot leave the base", and arbitrarily ordered all guerrillas to assemble from the base to the Zhangpu County City. This can easily lead to the CCP being surrounded by the Kuomintang.
As expected, the Kuomintang, on the surface, united the Communist Party to fight against Japan, but in fact, it has not changed for a day when it has been against the Communist Party and suppressed the Communist Party. In July 1937, Japan launched the July 7 Incident and fully invaded China. The Chinese nation reached a critical moment of life and death. The commander-in-chief of the Fourth Route Army of the Kuomintang, Yu Hanmou, , commander-in-chief of the Fifth Military Region, Li Zhenqiu, and Chief of Staff Zheng Xunsheng and others came to Zhangzhou and jointly agreed on the matter of suppressing the Communist Party of China with the commander of the 157th Division, Huang Tao, and decided to implement gun control for the Communist Party.
htmlOn the 316th, the Kuomintang used military training and concentrated on naming and paying wages as an excuse to lure the Red Army guerrillas to gather in Zhangpu County, southern Fujian. What the CCP never expected was that the assembly area had long been surrounded by the Kuomintang army.
At this time, the Red Army did not realize that the danger was approaching itself.
When the Red Army was assembled, the Kuomintang pulled off the mask of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. They took the power of force and directly demanded that the Red Army hand over the guns, and the situation was instantly tense.
firearms, or not to pay?
At that time, Lu Sheng, the commander of the Fujian-Guangdong border independent battalion, and Wang Sheng, the chief of staff of the Red Third Regiment, both signaled to carry out an armed raid, and sacrificed part of the sacrifice in exchange for future revitalization.
This reminds me of the classic line from Li Yunlong in "Bright Sword": There is no surround in the world that cannot be broken!
However, He Ming disagreed. He overestimated the Kuomintang's willingness to cooperate and was unwilling to make too many sacrifices. In the end, he took the lead in putting down the gun of resistance. He Ming himself was also forcibly appointed by the Kuomintang as a captain-affiliated officer of the Division and Political Training Department of the Kuomintang Army.
Under the influence of He Ming, nearly a thousand soldiers were forced to get out of the army, and the Kuomintang won without a single soldier. This is the famous "Zhangpu Incident" and it is also the "He Ming Danger" mentioned repeatedly by Chairman Mao.
Later, after serious protests and negotiations, our party released He Ming and the guerrillas.
3. The profound impact of He Ming’s danger
and so on, after He Ming returned to the New Fourth Army headquarters, things have changed. A painful lesson cannot pass by in a gentle and gentle manner like this. It must be washed through a special form to leave an indelible gully in people's hearts.
Soon, someone revealed that he was a traitor.
In such a complex political environment, people are often small. After review by the New Fourth Army Department, He Ming rashly led his troops to seize the gun and served in the Kuomintang army. In any case, he could not clear his suspicion of his rebellion. So in June 1939, the beginning gunshot sounded.
In fact, He Ming was wronged, he is really not a traitor. Just imagine, 1927 was the worst time of white terror in the country. Two massacres were created by Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei , cleaning up the Communists from more than 60,000 to 10,000. The entire 1927 was filled with the blood of the Communists and the revolutionary masses. A butcher's knife can cut off my head, but it cannot cut off my faith! He Ming joined the Communist Party in December of that year. How could a good comrade who joined the party at the most dangerous time, a revolutionary patriot with many years of experience in struggle easily betrayed the enemy?
In the "Selected Works" edited by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the early 1950s, when talking about the Zhangpu incident that occurred in Fujian, he said, " Comrade He Ming was not alert to Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy ". This conclusion is basically equivalent to rehabilitating He Ming: one, he is still our comrade; two, he has not made any subjective and intentional mistakes. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, He Ming was posthumously regarded as a revolutionary martyr by the Wanning County People's Government of Hainan Province.
The credit is credited, and the failure is due. He Ming needed to bear direct responsibility for the "Zhangpu Incident". His biggest mistake was that he did not obey the instructions of the Southern Committee, failed to recognize the development of the situation, did not understand the principles of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, overestimated the Kuomintang's attitude towards cooperation, lost revolutionary vigilance, and rashly made wrong decisions, which eventually led to this serious accident. After the "Zhangpu Incident", Chairman Mao immediately learned his lesson and called various revolutionary bases in the south of , hiding the Kuomintang that they must remember the "He Ming Danger" when cooperating with the Kuomintang, recognize the revolutionary situation, and be vigilant against the danger of the right.
Back to the beginning, before going to Chongqing for negotiations, Chairman Mao mentioned He Ming again, which was to warn the whole party that the principle of negotiations between us and the Kuomintang reactionaries was that we can make necessary concessions for the fundamental interests of the people of the whole country, but we will no longer succumb to the surrender of the gun. Because, power comes from the barrel of a gun.
Wenshijun said
If history can be repeated, He Ming will definitely be able to become an excellent general of the Republic. At the same time, Lu Sheng, the battalion commander of the Fujian-Guangdong border independent battalion, and Wang Sheng, the chief of staff of the Red Third Regiment, were both awarded the title of general after the founding of New China in . He Ming grew up to be the political commissar and the secretary of the special committee at a young age, and his future is limitless. But history has no if.
References
Chinese New Fourth Army and Central China Anti-Japanese Base Area Research Association: "Dictionary of Characters of the New Fourth Army and Central China Anti-Japanese Base Area", Communist Party History Press, 2016.
Xu Yan: "From cooperation to decisive battle, why can the Communist Party of China defeat the Kuomintang", Guangdong Economic Publishing House, 2016.
Yuan Dejin: "Decisive Battle, Northwest Liberation War 1945-1949", Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2017.
Wang Bingnan: "The Truth and Revelation of the "He Ming Incident", "Fujian Party History Newsletter" No. 8, 1985.
(Author: Haoran Literature and History·Shi is a confidant)
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