That night, leaders of G20 member states, invited participating countries and international organizations mostly wore traditional Indonesian clothing Badi shirts, while Indonesian President Joko Widodo and his wife Ilia wore traditional Balinese clothing.

On the evening of November 15, the G20 Leaders' Summit welcome dinner and cultural performance were held in Bali, Indonesia. That night, leaders of G20 member states, invited participating countries and international organizations mostly wore Indonesian traditional costumes Batik shirts, while the president of the presidency, Joko Hark and his wife Ilia wore Bali traditional costumes.

Local time on November 15, 2022, Denpasar, Indonesia, Indonesian President Joko Widodo and his wife Ilyana Widodo welcomed British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak at the welcome dinner at the G20 summit. Visual China Picture

Local time on November 15, 2022, Indonesian Nusa Dua, during the G20 summit, Indonesian President Joko Widodo (left) welcomed German Chancellor Olaf Scholz to the dinner. Visual China Picture

That night, leaders from all over the world stepped on the red carpet to shake hands and talk with Joko and Iliana who were greeting guests, and took a photo in front of the huge bronze statue of the god Hindu (the main religion in Bali). After watching the Indonesian literary performance for about half an hour, the background music combining Indonesian traditional music Gamelan (Gamelan) and modern electronic music began to be played on the spot. World leaders greeted and negotiated with each other in an atmosphere filled with traditional Indonesian and Balinese culture.

Bloomberg reported on the 17th that Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world and a major economy in Southeast Asia, but its voice in international affairs has long been inconsistent with its size. This situation has changed at this G20 summit. Before the summit, local media in the West and even Indonesia were worried that the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and other geopolitical contradictions would make it difficult for G20, an important economic cooperation platform, to reach a consensus. However, the declaration of the Bali summit of G20 leaders was successfully announced on November 16.

"Indonesian President Joko Widodo successfully brought a feeling of sociableness to this world ravaged by conflict and crisis," Bloomberg reported.

On November 15, 2022, Indonesian Nusa Dua, during the G20 summit, leaders of many countries took photos. Visual China Picture

Indonesia's flexibility and pragmatism

"The highlight of Indonesia's diplomacy this year is undoubtedly the G20. Under the pressure of the United States, Indonesia insisted on inviting Russian President Putin to attend the G20 summit, refusing to exclude it from the G20, but also invited Ukrainian President Zelensky, which fully reflects the characteristics of Indonesia's autonomy and balanced diplomacy." He Jiajie, associate researcher at the School of International Relations and Public Affairs of Fudan University, told Pengpai News (www.thepaper.cn).

Local time on June 29, 2022, Kiev, Ukraine, Indonesian President Joko Widodo (right) visited the local area and shook hands with Ukrainian President Zelensky (left). Visual China Data picture

Local time on June 30, 2022, Moscow, Russia, Russian President Putin (right) shook hands with Indonesian President Joko Widodo after attending a press conference at the Kremlin. People's Vision Data Picture

Bloomberg reported on the 17th that Jokovic showed that the "non-aligned" method still could bring hostile forces together. Joko is a "gentle voice and smiling" leader who plays a calming role in the G20 "diplomacy showdown that the world is most looking forward to." At the G20 summit, Joko drove the golf car with leaders from all over the world and also took them to plant mangrove in a tropical high temperature environment, setting the tone for a successful G20 summit.

Local time on November 16, 2022, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia, during the G20 summit, Indonesian President Joko Widodo planted trees in the mangroves. Visual China Picture

Local time, November 16, 2022, Bali, Indonesia, during the G20 summit, US President Biden , European Commission Chairman Ursula von der Leyen, Indian Prime Minister Modi and Indonesian President Joko Widodo participated in mangrove planting activities. Visual China Picture

Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno told the media on November 16: "Before the summit, almost everyone felt pessimistic.

On the evening of November 15, the G20 Leaders' Summit welcome dinner and cultural performance were held in Bali, Indonesia. That night, leaders of G20 member states, invited participating countries and international organizations mostly wore Indonesian traditional costumes Batik shirts, while the president of the presidency, Joko Hark and his wife Ilia wore Bali traditional costumes.

Local time on November 15, 2022, Denpasar, Indonesia, Indonesian President Joko Widodo and his wife Ilyana Widodo welcomed British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak at the welcome dinner at the G20 summit. Visual China Picture

Local time on November 15, 2022, Indonesian Nusa Dua, during the G20 summit, Indonesian President Joko Widodo (left) welcomed German Chancellor Olaf Scholz to the dinner. Visual China Picture

That night, leaders from all over the world stepped on the red carpet to shake hands and talk with Joko and Iliana who were greeting guests, and took a photo in front of the huge bronze statue of the god Hindu (the main religion in Bali). After watching the Indonesian literary performance for about half an hour, the background music combining Indonesian traditional music Gamelan (Gamelan) and modern electronic music began to be played on the spot. World leaders greeted and negotiated with each other in an atmosphere filled with traditional Indonesian and Balinese culture.

Bloomberg reported on the 17th that Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world and a major economy in Southeast Asia, but its voice in international affairs has long been inconsistent with its size. This situation has changed at this G20 summit. Before the summit, local media in the West and even Indonesia were worried that the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and other geopolitical contradictions would make it difficult for G20, an important economic cooperation platform, to reach a consensus. However, the declaration of the Bali summit of G20 leaders was successfully announced on November 16.

"Indonesian President Joko Widodo successfully brought a feeling of sociableness to this world ravaged by conflict and crisis," Bloomberg reported.

On November 15, 2022, Indonesian Nusa Dua, during the G20 summit, leaders of many countries took photos. Visual China Picture

Indonesia's flexibility and pragmatism

"The highlight of Indonesia's diplomacy this year is undoubtedly the G20. Under the pressure of the United States, Indonesia insisted on inviting Russian President Putin to attend the G20 summit, refusing to exclude it from the G20, but also invited Ukrainian President Zelensky, which fully reflects the characteristics of Indonesia's autonomy and balanced diplomacy." He Jiajie, associate researcher at the School of International Relations and Public Affairs of Fudan University, told Pengpai News (www.thepaper.cn).

Local time on June 29, 2022, Kiev, Ukraine, Indonesian President Joko Widodo (right) visited the local area and shook hands with Ukrainian President Zelensky (left). Visual China Data picture

Local time on June 30, 2022, Moscow, Russia, Russian President Putin (right) shook hands with Indonesian President Joko Widodo after attending a press conference at the Kremlin. People's Vision Data Picture

Bloomberg reported on the 17th that Jokovic showed that the "non-aligned" method still could bring hostile forces together. Joko is a "gentle voice and smiling" leader who plays a calming role in the G20 "diplomacy showdown that the world is most looking forward to." At the G20 summit, Joko drove the golf car with leaders from all over the world and also took them to plant mangrove in a tropical high temperature environment, setting the tone for a successful G20 summit.

Local time on November 16, 2022, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia, during the G20 summit, Indonesian President Joko Widodo planted trees in the mangroves. Visual China Picture

Local time, November 16, 2022, Bali, Indonesia, during the G20 summit, US President Biden , European Commission Chairman Ursula von der Leyen, Indian Prime Minister Modi and Indonesian President Joko Widodo participated in mangrove planting activities. Visual China Picture

Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno told the media on November 16: "Before the summit, almost everyone felt pessimistic.At previous international conferences, everyone else (on the consensus reached by bridging differences) failed. Therefore, it seems unusual to reach this declaration that all parties agree. "

According to CCTV News on November 16, the text of the G20 Leaders' Bali Summit Declaration covers a wide range of contents, including the G20 member states "it is necessary to promote the recovery of the world economy and respond to global challenges by assuming collective responsibilities and taking cooperative measures to promote the recovery of the world economy and respond to global challenges, and lay the foundation for strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth." International Law , multilateral system, UN Charter , robust macroeconomics, food and energy security, helping developing countries, and responding to climate change.

summit declaration also touched on the situation in Ukraine, which is considered sensitive and polarized, and emphasized that the war in Ukraine further had an adverse impact on the world economy. The declaration, with the words "most members strongly condemn the war in Ukraine", recognizes the position of several countries in the G20 member country towards Russia, and on the other hand, avoids shaping the entire G20 into a platform for Russia.

"We recognize that the G20 is not a forum to solve security issues, and security issues can have significant consequences for global economy . "The declaration reads.

Local time, on November 16, 2022, Bali, Indonesia, at the 17th Summit of Leaders of the G20, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi (left) and Indonesian President Joko Widodo (right) attended the handover ceremony. Visual China Picture

"As the most difficult G20, Indonesia has played its diplomatic flexibility and pragmatism, and played an active role in the theme and agenda setting, event arrangements and drafting of the leader's declaration. In particular, Indonesia insisted on food and energy security as the focus of the conference, avoided turning the summit into a stage for isolation and confrontation between Russia, avoided politicization of economic problems, insisted on using the Asian approach to promote cooperation rather than confrontation, and still promoted the issuance of leadership declarations under huge differences, which are all impressive. "He Jiajie analyzed.

new player in multilateral diplomacy?

Bloomberg pointed out that the results of G20 are the crystallization of Indonesia's cautious diplomacy in several months. Indonesia insisted on a non-aligned position and rejected the proposal to isolate Russia. Jokovic earlier, even went to the Ukrainian capital Kiev and the Russian capital Moscow to face Zelensky and Putin. Invitations were sent to the leaders of both sides of the conflict, and Jokovic also became the first Asian leader to visit Ukraine since the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.

In the end, neither Putin nor Zelensky personally participated in the G20 summit, but both sent representatives to attend the meeting. Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov When he spoke at the G20 summit, the leaders of G20 countries remained in their seats, which was different from the rumors of "departure protests" before the summit.

In comparison, the conflict between Russia and the United States and the West at other international conferences this year was even more significant. For example, in May this year, trade representatives of Russia and the United States faced each other's dissatisfaction at the APEC series of meetings held in Thailand, expressing their dissatisfaction by leaving the venue during the other party's speech. In November, ASEAN ht held in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, in Phnom Penh, in November ml2 At the series of summits on cooperation with East Asia, the United States and Russia fell into disagreement on wording, which made the East Asia summit fail to launch a joint statement as traditionally.

Deputy Director of the World Economics Institute of Shanghai Institute of International Studies Ye Yu analyzed to The Paper that whether Putin attends the G20 offline meeting was a major focus of this year's G20 summit. "The Indonesian president once went to Russia and Ukraine in person, but failed to overcome the differences between G20 members and limited results. This is mainly due to the profound complexity of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict issue itself, rather than the limitations of Jokovic's own capabilities. "Indonesia completed the meeting without any major conflict, which deserves high praise," Greg Poling, the project leader of the Southeast Asia project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), told Bloomberg. After all the political fireworks, they (G20 leaders) were able to discuss the various issues that Indonesia wants to be on the agenda: food security, climate change and energy security, which is a victory.”

At the same time, with the ASEAN summit successfully held in Phnom Penh, Indonesia will become the rotating chairman of ASEAN in 2023. According to Reuters on November 11, the leaders of ASEAN countries said after holding the ASEAN summit on the same day that ASEAN said that ASEAN "in principle, agree" to accept East Timor as the 11th member state, and East Timor will be awarded the observer status of ASEAN High-level Conference. Analysis pointed out that East Timor is expected to successfully join ASEAN during its role as the rotating chairman of ASEAN, and Indonesia is also one of the biggest promoters of East Timor joining ASEAN.

Jokovic has been strengthening Indonesia's international influence since he launched his second Indonesian presidency in 2019. Last year, the Jokovic government evacuated in the United States. Afghanistan has played an important role in the negotiations; in response to the Myanmar crisis, Indonesia played a role under the ASEAN framework and demanded that the Myanmar military take responsibility for violence against civilians.

Indonesia has also actively won over major economies in the world to increase investment in its own country. On July 28, Jokovic ended his three-day trip to the East Asian Three Kingdoms with his visit to South Korea. Indonesian media emphasized that Jokovic's visit to China, Japan and South Korea brought at least US$13 billion (about RMB 87.7 billion) of investment commitments and commercial orders to Indonesia.

Local time on July 28, 2022, South Korea, South Korea President Yoon Seo-young met with the visiting Indonesian President Jokovic Vidodo. Visual China Data picture

Nowadays, Indonesia still seems to want to "take advantage of the victory." According to TASS , Joko Widodo said at the G20 summit on November 16: "We are preparing to hold the 2036 Olympic Games in Nusantara, our country's new capital. "He also reiterated that sports should stay away from politics," and that it has the power to unite the world, especially given the current developments. "

The economy continues to inject a heart-warming agent?

Indonesia can be called the "dear" in Western media public opinion this year. The British " Financial Times " published an article titled "Indonesia's unexpected success story" on September 20. The report said that Indonesia achieved "unexpected success": although the sharp rise in the interest rate of in the United States, which has exacerbated the economic problems of developing countries, Indonesia seems calm. The report also mentioned the advantages of Indonesia's political stability and rich natural assets.

Fajar B, an economic researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Jakarta, Indonesia. Hirawan pointed out to The Paper that Indonesia has been quite successful in maintaining its macroeconomic indicators, especially GDP growth and inflation . "In the past two quarters (second and third quarters of 2022), Indonesia's economic growth reached year-on-year 5%. The inflation rate is also quite stable, at 3% year-on-year (plus and minus 1 percentage point). Although the rise in fuel prices in early September 2022 has clearly put pressure on household consumption, the overall inflation rate remains controllable due to the appropriate policy combination and synergy between Indonesian banks and the Ministry of Finance. ”

According to Reuters, Indonesia’s Finance Minister Ying Zhuohua said on September 26 that from January to August this year, Indonesia’s fiscal budget surplus was 107.4 trillion Indonesian rupees (about US$7.1 billion or RMB 50.83 billion), equivalent to 0.58% of Indonesia’s GDP. In comparison, Indonesia’s fiscal deficit ratio was 2.26% in the same period of 2021. Indonesia’s government data also showed that from January to August this year, Indonesian government revenue increased by 249.8% year-on-year to 116.65 billion US dollars (1764.4 trillion Indonesian rupees). Ying Zhuohua said, Such income growth is due to the rising commodity prices and the continued recovery of the economy. The successful convening of

G20 continues to inject energy into the Indonesian economy. Ye Yu analyzed to The Paper: "The successful convening of G20 can allow Indonesia to show its leadership as an emerging major country and a middle-aged country in coordinating global economic affairs, especially in the case where the world economy faces major challenges and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has caused huge interference to the G20 meetings at all levels this year, it is crucial that the G20 summit be held smoothly; Indonesia has included its own concerns and propositions in the G20 and global economic governance agenda, which can also promote the interests of Southeast Asian regions and developing countries more."

The theme determined by Indonesia for the G20 is "collective recovery, strong recovery", focusing on three major themes such as global health structure reform, digital transformation and sustainable energy transformation. International governance of issues such as food security, energy security, and financial stability is also of great significance to Indonesia itself. "Finally, the successful holding of the G20 also adds points to the Indonesian government to better implement reforms and win greater political support at home. "Ye Yu said.

Fazar believes that the series of G20 meetings provide a common understanding and understanding for responding to global economic uncertainty. "To achieve the resilience of the global supply chain, global stability and connectivity are needed. At least in terms of energy transformation, digital transformation and health inclusion, the G20 Bali Summit has successfully launched more than 200 multilateral cooperation and more than 100 bilateral cooperation. Therefore, it will generate more trade activities and investment on these three priorities (for Indonesia). "

Bloomberg reported on the 17th that the G20 brought Indonesia $20 billion in financing to help the country get rid of the influence of coal. "Energy Transformation" is considered to be the focus of Indonesia as the presidency of the G20. On the 15th, while the G20 summit opened in Bali, Indonesia also made progress on energy transformation at the United Nations Climate Summit (COP27) in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. At the subsequent G20 summit, Indonesia signed a "Just Energy Transition Partnership" with developed countries such as Japan, the United States, and European countries. Partnership) aims to help Indonesia reduce its dependence on coal and oil and gas energy, thereby mitigating climate change. According to Associated Press , the partnership agreement was jointly provided by multiple countries to Indonesia with a total of US$20 billion, and official aid funds such as grants and low-interest loans account for approximately US$10 billion.

"National Platform for Indonesia's Energy Transformation Mechanism" was also officially launched at the G20 series of meetings. In his speech, Ying Zhuohua said that Indonesia has recently launched a 500 million fund , And will continue to mobilize US$4 billion to help retire coal-fired power with a total volume of 2 GW. At the

G20 summit, the heads of state of Indonesia and China also watched the experimental operation of the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway through video. Foreign Ministry spokesman Mao Ning pointed out on November 17 that the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway is a flagship project for China-Indonesia to jointly build the "Belt and Road" by the heads of state. It is the first overseas construction project of China-Israel's high-speed railway for the full system, all factors and all industrial chains in China and Southeast Asia. Deputy Institute of Southeast Asia and Oceania, China Institute of Modern International Relations Director and associate researcher Luo Yongkun pointed out in an article that the "Jia-Bandung High-speed Railway" is an important political achievement project of the Jokovic government. The lag in infrastructure has long restricted the sustainable development of Indonesia's economy, and improving infrastructure conditions has therefore become the priority of previous Indonesian governments. Is

two years enough?

Earlier report pointed out that although economic development is good, energy and oil prices are still hidden concerns in Indonesian society. According to the "Diplomatician" report In early September, the Indonesian government, with a growing energy subsidy budget, finally decided to cut fuel subsidies to reduce budget pressures faced by the country. The policy of reducing subsidies immediately caused a rebound in public opinion and large-scale protests. The impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on global oil prices has affected Indonesian society, and the issue of oil prices has always been a sensitive social issue in Indonesia.

Fazar pointed out to The Paper that Indonesia still relies on primary commodities and extractive industry products. "Thankfully, since the end of 2020, commodity prices have been rising, contributing to high exports. However, this high profit situation does not last long. In the face of sudden changes in commodity prices or even sharp drops, Indonesia must be prepared. "Fazar said.

Fazar stressed that Indonesia should continue to maintain the so-called "downstream" economic policies and strengthen and optimize domestic economic resources. "Downstream" refers to a policy that only allows refined metal exports, which can promote foreign capital to expand investment in Indonesia's metal industry and establish a localized industrial system. This year, Indonesia made a decision to ban the export of metal raw materials on important metal resources such as bauxite, tin, and nickel, which is the result of the "downstream" policy.

The Financial Times reported in September that Jokovic's main industrial policy in his second term was to try to use Indonesia's huge nickel reserves (with Australia tied for the world's first place) to build the domestic electric vehicle industry. In conjunction with the pace of energy transformation at the G20 summit, Indonesia is trying to push the traditional nickel ore industry into the battery industry necessary for the new electric vehicle market.

In 2020, the Indonesian government completely banned nickel ore exports, forcing foreign companies to begin refining nickel ore domestically in Indonesia. While most of the Indonesian Nickel end products will enter the stainless steel industry, the Indonesian government's goal is to start extracting more and higher-level materials for use in batteries. The Financial Times said Indonesia is expected to provide a large portion of the new nickel supply needed by the global electric vehicle industry. Jokowi believes that the restrictions have increased the value of nickel-related exports from $1.1 billion a year five years ago to nearly $20.9 billion last year. Jokovic emphasized: "Our exports may increase to 40 times or 60 times. Indonesia has the world's largest nickel reserves, about 21 million tons, accounting for about 30% of the global reserves."

On November 14, Jokovic said at the 2022 G20 Business Forum (B20) summit that Indonesia will start with nickel to build a large ecosystem of electric vehicle batteries and electric vehicle batteries. Electric car giant Tras CEO Musk attended the B20 forum via video link. This year, senior Indonesian officials have repeatedly called out to Musk, hoping that Tesla will increase investment in Indonesia.

On November 14, 2022, Indonesian President Joko Widodo delivered a speech at the closing of the B20 summit. Visual China Picture

"However, at the same time, the importance of promoting economic cooperation is still indispensable." Fazar told The Paper, "When some countries have populist and introvert tendencies due to geopolitical and economic tensions, the importance of G20 to international economic cooperation has been highlighted, and it is crucial to maintain resilience in the global supply chain."

This delicate balance in "resource protection" and "economic cooperation" has put a test on the Indonesian government. A report on "China-Foreign Dialogue" pointed out that although banning metal resources from exporting them in the form of primary product can attract foreign capital to a certain extent to establish a localized industrial ecosystem as much as possible, it may also prompt these foreign capital to change supply channels and switch to other countries with more policy-friendly policies.

On the other hand, Joko Widodo has always enjoyed a high support rate in Indonesia. According to Bloomberg, although the controversy over the fuel subsidy in September reduced Jokovic's approval rating by 10 percentage points, his approval rating is still above 60%. However, according to the Indonesian Constitution, Jokovic cannot run for re-election after ending this term, and his term of office will end in 2024. At the beginning of this year, many Jokovic's political allies proposed to extend Jokovic's term by amending the constitution or postponing the election to stabilize the recovery of the economic crisis in Indonesia. The speculation caused large-scale protests.

Inside and outside Jokovic's political party, the debate over who can replace Jokovic as Indonesian president is becoming increasingly fierce. The internal struggle between the Democratic Party on nomination for presidential candidates is becoming increasingly well-known to the Indonesian public. In the two presidential elections in 2014 and 2019, the competition between Joko Wido and Prabowo was very fierce, and some people even lost their lives in the riots caused by the election.

Political polarization, radicalization, intolerable political atmosphere, etc. are all topics that make Indonesian society worry. Jokovic regarded himself as a "reformist" in both campaign projects, but his promises to resolve political changes and promote the resolution of human rights issues have been delayed. Some voters who are concerned about issues of political justice, especially national violence since 1965, are disappointed by Joko Widodo. In November this year, the political atmosphere in Bali, Indonesia seemed relatively tense. Many local non-governmental organizations , which care about environmental protection and community, were officially stopped to avoid any possible impact on the G20 summit.

Bali people and participant in local environmental organizations Gilang also confirmed to The Paper that "the activities in many places and communities have been stopped.Last weekend, I and other friends held a community workshop, but the paintings we displayed about environmental protection were asked to be removed. Other friends from NGOs also told me that many of their activities have been cancelled. "

11, in an exclusive interview with the British media "Economist", Joko Widodo emphasized that he will end his presidency in 2024 as required. "After that, I will return to my hometown, , Thoreau , be an ordinary person, and promote discussions on environmental issues. "

If Jokovic promises to end his term in 2024, the current Indonesian government will have two years left. The issues before them include the construction of the new capital Nusantara, the transformation of the nickel ore industry, the transformation of other rare metals industries, the promotion of green energy, and the implementation of the controversial "Comprehensive Employment Creation Law" and so on.

" (In the last two years of Jokovic's term), the Indonesian government should immediately start to give a clear explanation to the public on the operation of the "Comprehensive Employment Creation Law" to ensure that Indonesia's economic structural reform is still on the right track. Nusantara's sustainable development construction should be clarified and progress should be made in financing and other technical issues. The gap and literacy issues of Indonesian people in the digital field should be given priority by the government, so that digital transformation can be promoted more smoothly. In terms of green economy and blue economy (sustainable marine economy), the Indonesian government needs more specific actions, and supervision, institutionalization and financing frameworks should be more efficient and effective. "Fazar analyzed to The Paper.

At the same time, with the ASEAN summit successfully held in Phnom Penh, Indonesia will become the rotating chairman of ASEAN in 2023. According to Reuters on November 11, the leaders of ASEAN countries said after holding the ASEAN summit on the same day that ASEAN said that ASEAN "in principle, agree" to accept East Timor as the 11th member state, and East Timor will be awarded the observer status of ASEAN High-level Conference. Analysis pointed out that East Timor is expected to successfully join ASEAN during its role as the rotating chairman of ASEAN, and Indonesia is also one of the biggest promoters of East Timor joining ASEAN.

Jokovic has been strengthening Indonesia's international influence since he launched his second Indonesian presidency in 2019. Last year, the Jokovic government evacuated in the United States. Afghanistan has played an important role in the negotiations; in response to the Myanmar crisis, Indonesia played a role under the ASEAN framework and demanded that the Myanmar military take responsibility for violence against civilians.

Indonesia has also actively won over major economies in the world to increase investment in its own country. On July 28, Jokovic ended his three-day trip to the East Asian Three Kingdoms with his visit to South Korea. Indonesian media emphasized that Jokovic's visit to China, Japan and South Korea brought at least US$13 billion (about RMB 87.7 billion) of investment commitments and commercial orders to Indonesia.

Local time on July 28, 2022, South Korea, South Korea President Yoon Seo-young met with the visiting Indonesian President Jokovic Vidodo. Visual China Data picture

Nowadays, Indonesia still seems to want to "take advantage of the victory." According to TASS , Joko Widodo said at the G20 summit on November 16: "We are preparing to hold the 2036 Olympic Games in Nusantara, our country's new capital. "He also reiterated that sports should stay away from politics," and that it has the power to unite the world, especially given the current developments. "

The economy continues to inject a heart-warming agent?

Indonesia can be called the "dear" in Western media public opinion this year. The British " Financial Times " published an article titled "Indonesia's unexpected success story" on September 20. The report said that Indonesia achieved "unexpected success": although the sharp rise in the interest rate of in the United States, which has exacerbated the economic problems of developing countries, Indonesia seems calm. The report also mentioned the advantages of Indonesia's political stability and rich natural assets.

Fajar B, an economic researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Jakarta, Indonesia. Hirawan pointed out to The Paper that Indonesia has been quite successful in maintaining its macroeconomic indicators, especially GDP growth and inflation . "In the past two quarters (second and third quarters of 2022), Indonesia's economic growth reached year-on-year 5%. The inflation rate is also quite stable, at 3% year-on-year (plus and minus 1 percentage point). Although the rise in fuel prices in early September 2022 has clearly put pressure on household consumption, the overall inflation rate remains controllable due to the appropriate policy combination and synergy between Indonesian banks and the Ministry of Finance. ”

According to Reuters, Indonesia’s Finance Minister Ying Zhuohua said on September 26 that from January to August this year, Indonesia’s fiscal budget surplus was 107.4 trillion Indonesian rupees (about US$7.1 billion or RMB 50.83 billion), equivalent to 0.58% of Indonesia’s GDP. In comparison, Indonesia’s fiscal deficit ratio was 2.26% in the same period of 2021. Indonesia’s government data also showed that from January to August this year, Indonesian government revenue increased by 249.8% year-on-year to 116.65 billion US dollars (1764.4 trillion Indonesian rupees). Ying Zhuohua said, Such income growth is due to the rising commodity prices and the continued recovery of the economy. The successful convening of

G20 continues to inject energy into the Indonesian economy. Ye Yu analyzed to The Paper: "The successful convening of G20 can allow Indonesia to show its leadership as an emerging major country and a middle-aged country in coordinating global economic affairs, especially in the case where the world economy faces major challenges and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has caused huge interference to the G20 meetings at all levels this year, it is crucial that the G20 summit be held smoothly; Indonesia has included its own concerns and propositions in the G20 and global economic governance agenda, which can also promote the interests of Southeast Asian regions and developing countries more."

The theme determined by Indonesia for the G20 is "collective recovery, strong recovery", focusing on three major themes such as global health structure reform, digital transformation and sustainable energy transformation. International governance of issues such as food security, energy security, and financial stability is also of great significance to Indonesia itself. "Finally, the successful holding of the G20 also adds points to the Indonesian government to better implement reforms and win greater political support at home. "Ye Yu said.

Fazar believes that the series of G20 meetings provide a common understanding and understanding for responding to global economic uncertainty. "To achieve the resilience of the global supply chain, global stability and connectivity are needed. At least in terms of energy transformation, digital transformation and health inclusion, the G20 Bali Summit has successfully launched more than 200 multilateral cooperation and more than 100 bilateral cooperation. Therefore, it will generate more trade activities and investment on these three priorities (for Indonesia). "

Bloomberg reported on the 17th that the G20 brought Indonesia $20 billion in financing to help the country get rid of the influence of coal. "Energy Transformation" is considered to be the focus of Indonesia as the presidency of the G20. On the 15th, while the G20 summit opened in Bali, Indonesia also made progress on energy transformation at the United Nations Climate Summit (COP27) in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. At the subsequent G20 summit, Indonesia signed a "Just Energy Transition Partnership" with developed countries such as Japan, the United States, and European countries. Partnership) aims to help Indonesia reduce its dependence on coal and oil and gas energy, thereby mitigating climate change. According to Associated Press , the partnership agreement was jointly provided by multiple countries to Indonesia with a total of US$20 billion, and official aid funds such as grants and low-interest loans account for approximately US$10 billion.

"National Platform for Indonesia's Energy Transformation Mechanism" was also officially launched at the G20 series of meetings. In his speech, Ying Zhuohua said that Indonesia has recently launched a 500 million fund , And will continue to mobilize US$4 billion to help retire coal-fired power with a total volume of 2 GW. At the

G20 summit, the heads of state of Indonesia and China also watched the experimental operation of the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway through video. Foreign Ministry spokesman Mao Ning pointed out on November 17 that the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway is a flagship project for China-Indonesia to jointly build the "Belt and Road" by the heads of state. It is the first overseas construction project of China-Israel's high-speed railway for the full system, all factors and all industrial chains in China and Southeast Asia. Deputy Institute of Southeast Asia and Oceania, China Institute of Modern International Relations Director and associate researcher Luo Yongkun pointed out in an article that the "Jia-Bandung High-speed Railway" is an important political achievement project of the Jokovic government. The lag in infrastructure has long restricted the sustainable development of Indonesia's economy, and improving infrastructure conditions has therefore become the priority of previous Indonesian governments. Is

two years enough?

Earlier report pointed out that although economic development is good, energy and oil prices are still hidden concerns in Indonesian society. According to the "Diplomatician" report In early September, the Indonesian government, with a growing energy subsidy budget, finally decided to cut fuel subsidies to reduce budget pressures faced by the country. The policy of reducing subsidies immediately caused a rebound in public opinion and large-scale protests. The impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on global oil prices has affected Indonesian society, and the issue of oil prices has always been a sensitive social issue in Indonesia.

Fazar pointed out to The Paper that Indonesia still relies on primary commodities and extractive industry products. "Thankfully, since the end of 2020, commodity prices have been rising, contributing to high exports. However, this high profit situation does not last long. In the face of sudden changes in commodity prices or even sharp drops, Indonesia must be prepared. "Fazar said.

Fazar stressed that Indonesia should continue to maintain the so-called "downstream" economic policies and strengthen and optimize domestic economic resources. "Downstream" refers to a policy that only allows refined metal exports, which can promote foreign capital to expand investment in Indonesia's metal industry and establish a localized industrial system. This year, Indonesia made a decision to ban the export of metal raw materials on important metal resources such as bauxite, tin, and nickel, which is the result of the "downstream" policy.

The Financial Times reported in September that Jokovic's main industrial policy in his second term was to try to use Indonesia's huge nickel reserves (with Australia tied for the world's first place) to build the domestic electric vehicle industry. In conjunction with the pace of energy transformation at the G20 summit, Indonesia is trying to push the traditional nickel ore industry into the battery industry necessary for the new electric vehicle market.

In 2020, the Indonesian government completely banned nickel ore exports, forcing foreign companies to begin refining nickel ore domestically in Indonesia. While most of the Indonesian Nickel end products will enter the stainless steel industry, the Indonesian government's goal is to start extracting more and higher-level materials for use in batteries. The Financial Times said Indonesia is expected to provide a large portion of the new nickel supply needed by the global electric vehicle industry. Jokowi believes that the restrictions have increased the value of nickel-related exports from $1.1 billion a year five years ago to nearly $20.9 billion last year. Jokovic emphasized: "Our exports may increase to 40 times or 60 times. Indonesia has the world's largest nickel reserves, about 21 million tons, accounting for about 30% of the global reserves."

On November 14, Jokovic said at the 2022 G20 Business Forum (B20) summit that Indonesia will start with nickel to build a large ecosystem of electric vehicle batteries and electric vehicle batteries. Electric car giant Tras CEO Musk attended the B20 forum via video link. This year, senior Indonesian officials have repeatedly called out to Musk, hoping that Tesla will increase investment in Indonesia.

On November 14, 2022, Indonesian President Joko Widodo delivered a speech at the closing of the B20 summit. Visual China Picture

"However, at the same time, the importance of promoting economic cooperation is still indispensable." Fazar told The Paper, "When some countries have populist and introvert tendencies due to geopolitical and economic tensions, the importance of G20 to international economic cooperation has been highlighted, and it is crucial to maintain resilience in the global supply chain."

This delicate balance in "resource protection" and "economic cooperation" has put a test on the Indonesian government. A report on "China-Foreign Dialogue" pointed out that although banning metal resources from exporting them in the form of primary product can attract foreign capital to a certain extent to establish a localized industrial ecosystem as much as possible, it may also prompt these foreign capital to change supply channels and switch to other countries with more policy-friendly policies.

On the other hand, Joko Widodo has always enjoyed a high support rate in Indonesia. According to Bloomberg, although the controversy over the fuel subsidy in September reduced Jokovic's approval rating by 10 percentage points, his approval rating is still above 60%. However, according to the Indonesian Constitution, Jokovic cannot run for re-election after ending this term, and his term of office will end in 2024. At the beginning of this year, many Jokovic's political allies proposed to extend Jokovic's term by amending the constitution or postponing the election to stabilize the recovery of the economic crisis in Indonesia. The speculation caused large-scale protests.

Inside and outside Jokovic's political party, the debate over who can replace Jokovic as Indonesian president is becoming increasingly fierce. The internal struggle between the Democratic Party on nomination for presidential candidates is becoming increasingly well-known to the Indonesian public. In the two presidential elections in 2014 and 2019, the competition between Joko Wido and Prabowo was very fierce, and some people even lost their lives in the riots caused by the election.

Political polarization, radicalization, intolerable political atmosphere, etc. are all topics that make Indonesian society worry. Jokovic regarded himself as a "reformist" in both campaign projects, but his promises to resolve political changes and promote the resolution of human rights issues have been delayed. Some voters who are concerned about issues of political justice, especially national violence since 1965, are disappointed by Joko Widodo. In November this year, the political atmosphere in Bali, Indonesia seemed relatively tense. Many local non-governmental organizations , which care about environmental protection and community, were officially stopped to avoid any possible impact on the G20 summit.

Bali people and participant in local environmental organizations Gilang also confirmed to The Paper that "the activities in many places and communities have been stopped.Last weekend, I and other friends held a community workshop, but the paintings we displayed about environmental protection were asked to be removed. Other friends from NGOs also told me that many of their activities have been cancelled. "

11, in an exclusive interview with the British media "Economist", Joko Widodo emphasized that he will end his presidency in 2024 as required. "After that, I will return to my hometown, , Thoreau , be an ordinary person, and promote discussions on environmental issues. "

If Jokovic promises to end his term in 2024, the current Indonesian government will have two years left. The issues before them include the construction of the new capital Nusantara, the transformation of the nickel ore industry, the transformation of other rare metals industries, the promotion of green energy, and the implementation of the controversial "Comprehensive Employment Creation Law" and so on.

" (In the last two years of Jokovic's term), the Indonesian government should immediately start to give a clear explanation to the public on the operation of the "Comprehensive Employment Creation Law" to ensure that Indonesia's economic structural reform is still on the right track. Nusantara's sustainable development construction should be clarified and progress should be made in financing and other technical issues. The gap and literacy issues of Indonesian people in the digital field should be given priority by the government, so that digital transformation can be promoted more smoothly. In terms of green economy and blue economy (sustainable marine economy), the Indonesian government needs more specific actions, and supervision, institutionalization and financing frameworks should be more efficient and effective. "Fazar analyzed to The Paper.