National Forestry and Grassland Administration shows that from 2012 to the present, my country has added and restored more than 800,000 hectares of wetlands. Currently, it has 264 internationally important wetlands and 29 nationally important wetlands, more than 600 wetland nature reserves and more than 21,600 wetland parks have been established. What kind of area can be called a wetland? What rare wildlife survives in wetlands? Why are wetlands called "the kidneys of the earth"? What can we do to protect wetlands? With these questions in mind, let’s go to the end of today.
Let’s take a look first. What kind of place do you think can be called wetlands?
What is wetland? Do wetlands must be formed naturally?
There are many different opinions on what wetland is. A river , A river and other rivers and lakes are considered wetlands? Do wetlands must be formed naturally? Let's hear what the experts say.
Professor of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) National Chief Scientific Communication Expert Xu Shiqiu : Wetland, as the name suggests, a humid place. In fact, the wetlands contain all the water bodies on land, and even areas with relatively humid low-lying places. In addition, when the ocean is low, the water depth is not more than 6 meters. In other words, all the water on land and part of the ocean are called wetlands. So from this perspective, the Yangtze River must be a wetland, and Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, , and Qinghai Lake, are all wetlands. Artificial reservoirs are also wetlands.
Wetlands include many types, coral reefs, tidal flats, mangroves , lakes, rivers, estuaries, swamps, reservoirs, ponds, rice fields, etc. are all wetlands. Their common feature is that their surface is either often covered with water or is filled with water, and is a transition zone between land and body of water.
Professor of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Chief Scientific Communication Expert of National Natural Resources Xu Shiqiu: It mainly includes five types: river wetlands, lake wetlands, swamp wetlands, coastal wetlands, and finally artificial wetlands. China's wetland area is about 660,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 7% of the country's land area, ranking fourth in the world and first in Asia.
Tens of thousands of migratory birds spend the winter. How does the Nethu Wetland become a paradise for migratory birds?
When it comes to wetlands, many friends will immediately think of migratory birds. At present, as the temperature drops, a large number of migratory birds migrating south are flying to the Yangtze River Basin to overwinter. .com Wetland Nature Reserve , located in Yangxin County, Huangshi City, Hubei Province, has welcomed more than 30,000 wintering migratory birds. This year, the world's endangered species and national first-class protected wild animals were also monitored for the first time. How are the birds living in the Net Lake Wetland?
These large gray birds are white pillow cranes. They have their signature red cheeks and white neck pillows. They have bright body colors and elegant body shapes. They are national first-class key protected wild animals and endangered species in the world. It is reported that the global population of white-pillow cranes is about 5,000, and there are about 3,000 in China, accounting for 70% of the total. There are 10 white-pillow cranes in front of me. They walk together, sometimes looking for food on the mudflats, and sometimes flapping their wings and soaring in the sky. In addition, the Oriental White Stork , which is also a national first-level key protected bird, also arrived as scheduled. The arrival of these rare migratory birds surprised the protection personnel.
Deputy Director of the Wanghu Wetland Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Huangshi City, Hubei Province: The extremely endangered species have particularly strict environmental requirements, requiring us to have a rich food source and a very suitable living environment. Then its arrival shows that our environment has a very good and obvious improvement.
At the same time, a large number of overwintering migratory birds such as bean geese , white spoonbill , little swan, anti-billed sandpiper have also arrived, and they live freely among the mountains, rivers, forests and grasses of . According to monitoring, there are currently more than 30 wintering migratory birds in the Nethu Wetland, with a population of more than 30,000, and many migratory bird populations have increased significantly compared with the same period in previous years.
Deputy Director of the Wanghu Wetland Nature Reserve Administration Bureau of Huangshi City, Hubei Province Zheng Hesong: Like ordinary cormorant , we only had seven or eight hundred at this time last year, and now there are 16 or seven hundred. The number of needle tail duck changes even more. In the past, we generally found that the largest population was only more than 100, but from this year's water bird survey, we found that there were more than 1,700 needle tail ducks.
.com Lake Wetland Nature Reserve is located on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and was included in the International Important Wetland List in 2018. In recent years, comprehensive ecological environment management has been continuously strengthened here, water quality has improved year by year, and the number of overwintering bird populations has steadily increased. At present, the protected areas have strengthened their monitoring efforts and have taken a variety of measures to ensure the safe wintering of migratory birds.
, Deputy Director of the Wanghu Wetland Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Huangshi City, Hubei Province: In order to meet the needs of these elves, we are one to reserve land, providing a larger habitat by lowering the water level and exposing the mudflats; the second is to retain grain, and by promoting some of our grain growers, including some fish pond farmers, let them keep as much food as possible during harvesting, try not to dry the pond when harvesting the fish pond, and leave some small fish and shrimps in the pond to increase the food source of their migratory birds.
Night view of "Migrating Bird Paradise" What is the scene at night in the Shenhu Wetland?
Wetlands are the home of birds relying on. The internationally important wetland of Shenhu in the southwest of Caidian District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province is an important wintering place, resting place and breeding place for the global migratory bird migration channel from East Asia to Australia. There are 561 species of animal resources, including 277 species of birds. Earlier this year, the number of birds monitored here reached 85,000. I am used to watching the birds stroll, fly or forage during the day. When night falls, what are they doing? In addition to birds, which animals live in wetlands?
Shenhu wetland is not only rich in rare birds, but also benthic animals , fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and other wild animals live in harmony here.
Engineer of Shenhu Wetland Nature Reserve Management Bureau: For example, some river muskies in our reserve are deer and wild boars. We often encounter these large animals.
Last year, Shenhu Wetland Nature Reserve organized a biodiversity monitoring and evaluation activity, and set up 80 infrared cameras in the field, recording the "real performances" of many cute animals. In the evening, the healthy and lively little river muskies jumped and had fun in front of her mother. As night fell, lonely river muntjac and wild boars walked through the dense reeds.
Unlike the gathering of thousands of birds in the autumn sun during the day, the Shenhu wetland is quiet after nightfall, and the "wetland dancers" flying gracefully have quietly disappeared into the night. Starting from Qihao Protection Station, night vision lenses maintain a safe flight distance at all times, slowly searching for their traces from a wider high-altitude perspective.
Director of Shenhu Wetland Nature Reserve Administration Bureau Fang Ying: The study of bird night activities has a very positive effect on our targeted restoration of our wetlands, and targeted formulation of patrol management, protection measures and scientific research, so that birds can have a better living environment, and can overwinter with peace of mind, and even stay and become our " Residual Bird ".
What is the important role of wetlands? How to protect wetlands?
This year marks the 30th anniversary of China's accession to the Wetlands Convention. Over the past 30 years, my country has worked hard to implement the concept of sustainable development and ecological civilization, vigorously promoted wetland protection and restoration, and made important contributions to the global protection and rational use of wetlands. What is the important role of wetlands? What can we do to protect wetlands?
Wetlands are widely distributed around the world. They are an ecosystem with rich biodiversity and high productivity on the earth. They play an important role in resisting floods, controlling pollution, regulating climate, and beautifying the environment. Wetlands are not only a natural reservoir on land, but also a resource of many wildlife and plant, especially the breeding and wintering grounds of rare waterfowls, and can also provide water and food to humans.
Professor of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Chief Scientific Communication Expert of National Natural Resources Xu Shiqiu: For example, the mangrove wetlands by the sea can effectively prevent waves. If there are similar wetlands on the edge of the desert, then it has this sandproof function. The world's three major ecosystems are oceans, forests and wetlands. The wetland is called "the kidney of the earth". What is the kidney used for? The kidney is an important organ of detoxification and can promote the metabolism of . Since the wetland is called "the kidney of the earth", it also has a powerful function in this aspect to detoxify the earth.
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