Review of the previous chapter: Umayyad Empire - the 33rd largest country on land (713-715) Introduction: There were three obvious peak periods in the long history of the Tang Empire in the past three centuries - the first was from the rule of Wude, the rule of Zhenguan to the ru

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713 The situation of the world island powers before the revival of the Tang Empire

714, Ashinaxian, the governor of the Jixi Jiedu of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, was defeated and killed the Later Turks moved to Shankhan Du Du Du, and further recovered all the lost lands of the Anxi Protectorate and Beiting Protectorate. The Tuqi Shi Khan Kingdom, a vassal state of the Tang Dynasty, was also restored soon, marking that the Tang Dynasty collapsed and replaced the western grassland hegemony of the Later Turkic Khan Kingdom.

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Reconstruction of the Hegemony of the Tang Empire in East Iran (715)

715, facing the secret collusion between the Umayyad Empire and the Tubo Empire and the aggressive strategic offensive in the Fergana Basin, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Li Longji, Zhang Xiaosong, led more than 10,000 people to defeat the Umayyad Califa Suleiman and Zamp Tubo Zamp Chide Zuzan, the puppet king Alayda, supported by the Tang Dynasty, and further restored the rule of the various separatist forces in East Iran, marking that the Tang Dynasty collapsed and replaced the Umayyad Empire's hegemony and the status of the first power on land.

Tang Dynasty army

Reconstruction of hegemony in the eastern part of the Tang Empire and the peak of land power (745)

742, a new country Uighur Khanate, in conjunction with the Garlu people and the Basimir people and other ethnic groups declared independence from the Post-Turk Khanate in the western desert, which immediately attracted the attention of the Tang Dynasty. The latter then supported Uighurs and other ethnic groups to fight against the Post-Turk Khanate that had long threatened its northern border.

Uighur cavalry

745, Uighur Huairen Khan, who was close friends with the Tang Dynasty, was defeated and killed the Hou Turkish White-Brow Khan, and handed over his body to Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Li Longji in Chang'an. The prosperous Hou Turkic Khanate was destroyed, marking the collapse of the Tang Dynasty and replaced the eastern grassland hegemony of the Hou Turkic Khanate, and at the same time reached another peak of its land hegemony.

745 The second peak of the land power of the Tang Empire

The gradual collapse of the land power of the Tang Empire (751 to 907)

However, the second peak of the Tang Dynasty came to an abrupt end with the rapid rise of the Abbasid Empire, the hegemony of the Umayyad Empire, and the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion (755 to 763) and the Fengtian Disaster (781 to 786). The hegemony in the western region was eventually eliminated due to its whip. The main overview of the collapse and replacement is as follows:

  • 751, the Tang Dynasty was defeated by the Abbas Empire in Talas Battle , marking that the Tang Dynasty's western grassland hegemony and its status as the most powerful country on land were then disintegrated and replaced by the Abbas Empire;

751 August Battle of Talas

  • 753, the pro-Tang Dynasty Xizhaloqi Kingdom was destroyed by the Luoshidura Kudat Kingdom, marking that the Tang Dynasty's southern Indian hegemony was dismantled and replaced by the Luoshidura Kudat Kingdom; in
  • 760, the Tang Dynasty was in the battle of Ah . The defeat of the Abbasid Empire marked the disintegration and replacement of the Eastern Iranian hegemony of the Tang Dynasty by the Abbasid Empire; in
  • 785, the Polo Empire captured the former capital of the Jieji Empire and the North Indian political center Qunu City, and further unified the Ganges Plain that had been split for more than a century, marking that the North Indian hegemony of the Tang Dynasty was disintegrated and replaced by the Polo Empire.

The hegemony in the eastern part of the Tang Dynasty continued to maintain for more than a century after this, and even rebuilt the land Silk Road by opening up the Hexi Corridor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (851).However, with the outbreak of the rebellion in the late Tang Dynasty (859 to 884), the only remaining hegemony in the eastern part of the Tang Dynasty finally came to an end one by one. The main overview is as follows:

  • 897, the Tang Dynasty was defeated by the Yangwu Empire (the predecessor of the Southern Tang Empire) in the Battle of Qingkou, marking that the Tang Dynasty's hegemony in South China was dismantled and replaced by the Yangwu Empire;
  • 907, the powerful minister of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen, officially usurped the Tang Dynasty and established the Later Liang Empire, marking that the Tang Dynasty's hegemony in North China was dismantled and replaced by the Later Liang Empire; in the same year, the Datar Khanate (the successor of the Uighurs and the Khanate Khanate), which dominated the desert, gained a completely independent status due to the demise of the Tang Dynasty's suzerain state, marking that the Tang Dynasty's hegemony in the eastern grassland was dismantled and replaced by the Datar Khanate.

Conclusion: After the fall of the Tang Empire, the protagonist of the hegemony of the world island once again moved from the East World Island to the West World Island. The ancient land of the fertile land of the crescent moon once again became the new center of world civilization and the main battlefield for hegemony.

Reference materials:

  1. [Tong Jiayu] "100 Emperors who changed world history";
  2. [Zhong Che] "Ranking and Review of the Ten World Powers in 54 Historical Periods";
  3. [Zhong Che] "Ranking of Major Powers in East Asia in Every Century in 2700 Years";
  4. [Zhong Che] "Ranking of 100 Emperors who influence the world";
  5. ["Dark Mars"] "Five Emperors of the World";
  6. ["Bukharin" ] "Global History Map";
  7. ["Bukharin"] "Chinese Historical Map Video Detailed Edition";
  8. "The Strongest Country in All Centuries";
  9. "The Strongest Nation in All Periods in Human History";
  10. "The Five Most Influential Empires in Ancient History";
  11. [(US) L. S. Stavrianos] "General History of the Global";
  12. [(US) Mike Hart] "Leading of 100 Celebrities Influenced Human History";
  13. [Mani Amintehran] "Five Thousand Years of Changes in China";
  14. "Three Thousand Years of Chaos";
  15. Wikipedia;
  16. Baidu Encyclopedia, Baidu Pictures.

This series mainly explains the "No. 1 power on land" in all dynasties with the world island as the stage. If you want to know the "No. 1 power on sea" in all dynasties with the global ocean as the stage, you can refer to the column "No. 1 power on sea from a global perspective":

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