Speaking of Down syndrome , many people may have heard of it, but they are not very clear about the details. How does this disease cause and how should it be dealt with? This article will give a brief introduction.
Causes of Down syndrome
Down syndrome is the 21-trisomy sign , also known as the congenital fool type or the Down syndrome sign , which is a disease caused by chromosomal abnormalities (there is one more 21 chromosome ). Chromosomal diseases have nothing to do with acquired feeding, and the incidence is related to the age of the mother, physical status, and genes of both parents.
Clinical manifestations of Down syndrome
Special face, delayed growth and low intelligence are typical characteristics of children with Down syndrome.
Children with Down syndrome have a special face that is significantly different from normal people, such as wide distance between the eyes, low and flat nose root, small eye fissure, oblique on the outer side of the eyes, and often extending out of the outlet of the tongue. However, due to the different appearances between people, the face cannot be used as the final diagnosis basis. If the baby’s face is suspected to be Down syndrome, karyotype testing should be performed to judge.
patients have difficulty feeding, delayed growth and development, and delayed motor development and sexual development. Male patients have almost no fertility, and a small number of women have fertility.
Most patients have symptoms of low intelligence, and it gradually becomes obvious with age, with their IQs usually range from 25 to 50. This is the reason why Down syndrome is also commonly known as "congenital foolishness". Patients are often accompanied by other malformations such as congenital heart disease, , and have low immune function and are prone to various infectious diseases. The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism and leukemia is higher than that of normal people, so their survival is relatively short. If patients with Down syndrome survive until adulthood, they often develop symptoms of Alzheimer's disease after the age of 30.
It can be seen that Down syndrome is a relatively serious disease, and caring for patients requires more time, energy and money than ordinary people. Therefore, it is extremely important to do a good job in prenatal examinations and pregnancy preparations, and to minimize the probability of Down syndrome.
Pre-pregnancy and pre-pregnancy examinations are of great significance
Military couples need to undergo pre-pregnancy examinations 6 months before preparing for pregnancy to understand all aspects of their physical condition and reproductive system health, and then enter the pregnancy preparation stage after confirming that there are no problems.
prenatal diagnosis is an effective measure to prevent the birth of children with Down syndrome. If you have given birth to a baby with Down syndrome in the past, prenatal diagnosis should be performed when you have another child, that is, chromosome karyotyping analysis . In a few cases, the probability of Down syndrome in the next generation can reach 100%. At this time, adoption should be used instead of childbirth.
Couples should supplement folic acid in the first three months of pregnancy to prevent fetal neural tube development deformities, and to quit smoking and drinking, regular work and rest, correct bad living habits, and ensure balanced nutrition in diet.
Early Down's screening was performed at 9 to 13 weeks of pregnancy, and mid-term Down's screening was performed at 14 to 20 weeks of pregnancy, of which 16 to 18 weeks were the best. The two-phase screening combined can detect 90 to 95% of Down syndrome fetuses.
Can Down syndrome be treated?
There is currently no effective treatment for Down syndrome, but it can be prevented in advance. The best method is to screen the child in time before he is born and terminate the pregnancy if necessary.
If you have a child with Down syndrome, you can send the child to the rehabilitation department of the hospital for professional rehabilitation training. If conditions do not allow, you can also do some rehabilitation training for your children at home, such as patiently teaching them to pronounce and speak, playing puzzle games, training them to eat by themselves, etc., so as to improve their ability to take care of themselves as much as possible.
(image is from the Internet)
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