Introduction
Establishing a nature reserve is a common practice in protecting nature and an important task in global biodiversity conservation. China's natural protection area system with national parks as the main body has played an increasingly obvious positive role in sharing the whole people and symbiosis with all things. It provides a "Chinese solution" for how the international community, especially developing countries, can establish and improve the biodiversity protection system when facing population growth, urbanization and resource and environmental pressures.
Establishing nature reserves is a common practice in protecting nature, and strengthening the construction of nature reserve systems is an important task in global biodiversity protection. According to the "Protection of the Earth" released by the United Nations Environment Program and the World Union for Conservation of Nature in 2021, 42% of the world's natural reserves are currently added between 2010 and 2020. This has become one of the few actions that have been partially realistic among the Aichi Biodiversity Targets in 2010, providing stronger guarantees for biodiversity protection and bringing greater benefits to human society.
Since China signed the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1992, it has actively fulfilled the obligations of the parties and continued to strengthen the construction of the natural reserve system. Since the "Overall Plan for Establishing a National Park System" and the "Guiding Opinions on Establishing a Natural Reserve System with National Parks as the Main Body" were released in 2017 and 2019, the construction of a national park system and a natural reserve system with Chinese characteristics has been steadily promoted. As of the end of 2020, China has established 11,800 nature reserves of various types, accounting for 18% of the land area, achieving the 17% target proposed by the "2020 Aichi Goals". The natural reserve system with national parks as the main body has played an increasingly obvious positive role in sharing the whole people and symbiosis with all things. It is not only the goal and basic principle of the construction of the national park system and nature reserve system with Chinese characteristics, but also reflects the achievements of system and system construction.
In terms of sharing with the whole people, the established nature reserves are becoming a natural classroom, a recreational place, and a spiritual home for the general public. In 2021, the number of people entering the public will reach 2 billion. The first batch of five national parks established, including Sanjiangyuan, giant panda, Siberian tiger and leopard, Wuyi Mountain, and Hainan tropical rainforest, carried out nature education activities, organized primary and secondary school students to enter the national park, feel the beauty of the original ecology, conduct natural exploration and ecological experience activities, and systematically learn ecological protection knowledge. Most nature reserves such as Xishuangbanna, Poyang Lake, and Dinghushan have carried out ecological tourism activities, organizing tourists to the nature reserve experimental areas to enjoy, understand and study natural landscapes, wild animals and plants and their related cultural characteristics. Natural parks such as forest parks, wetland parks, geological parks and other natural parks provide viewing, cultural and natural experience services, becoming the first choice for public weekends and holidays to relax and enjoy. The sharing of the whole people has met the growing demand for ecological products and services of the general public, helping to enhance the public's awareness and ability of ecological protection.
In terms of the symbiosis of all things, the established nature reserves effectively protect 90% of the vegetation system and terrestrial ecosystems, and 85% of the national key protected wildlife populations, becoming a paradise, blessed land and home for wildlife. In the first five national parks established, the population of rare and endangered wild animals in the country such as giant pandas, Siberian tigers, Siberian leopards, Hainan black-crowned gibbons, and white-lipped deer has steadily increased, and national first-class protected wild plants such as giant yellow shrimp ridge orchids, Hainan cypress, and Polei have been discovered or effectively protected for the first time.
As the only Asian elephant distribution area in China, the Xishuangbanna, Nabanhe and Nangunhe Nature Reserve provide key habitats for the core elephant groups, playing an indispensable and important supporting role for the number of elephant groups from more than 150 in 1975 to more than 360 in the current elephant group. The birds sing and the flowers are fragrant in the nature park, and the mountains and rivers are beautiful, becoming a microcosm of the common home of people and wild animals and plants. The symbiosis of all things ensures the healthy survival and continuous reproduction of wild animals and plants, and also provides directional guidance for respecting, caring for and protecting nature.The achievements of
are benefited from China's adherence to the people-centered promotion of ecological civilization construction, adherence to the "ecological red line" and space use control unswervingly, and insisting on giving full play to the advantages of the characteristic system to concentrate efforts to accomplish major tasks; it provides a "Chinese solution" for how to establish and improve a biodiversity protection system when facing population growth, accelerated urbanization, and increased resource and environmental pressures caused by economic development, and provides a "Chinese solution" and will also enrich the "Chinese story" of "building a community of life for mankind".
On a global scale, whether it is Yellowstone National Park in the United States, Lake Ed National Park in Germany, and Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, they are all uninhabited areas, and no one lives in the park. However, China's national parks and nature reserves are not only uninhabited areas, but also have a large population inhabited. For example, there are as many as 64,000 herdsmen and 16,621 households in Sanjiangyuan National Park. According to a 2013 survey, the number of residents in China's nature reserves is as high as 10 million.
It can be seen that China's nature reserves are based on biodiversity protection, nature display and ecological culture inheritance as their basic functions, and are committed to building them into a demonstration zone for harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and an ecological special economic zone with a high degree of coordination between nature conservation and green development. Taking Wuyishan National Park as an example, with the technical support provided by the National Park Administration, farmers in the district plant and produce ecological tea, achieving higher incomes than farmers around the district, becoming the first people to become rich in the local area, and practicing the coordinated progress of nature conservation and green development.
China's nature reserves are not only built on state-owned land, but also include a large number of collective land jointly owned by rural populations, especially collective forest land, to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem. In order to protect the rights and interests of collective forest owners, the nature reserve management unit must sign a "mandatory custody agreement" with the relevant rural communities, that is, the consent of the rural community before the collective forest can be included in the nature reserve. Collective forests included in nature reserves are managed as ecological public welfare forests and cannot be used to produce timber. The losses caused by collective forest owners are compensated through the ecological benefits compensation system for public welfare forests. For example, the proportion of collective forests in Qianjiangyuan National Park established in 2018 is as high as 80.3%, involving 21 administrative villages, all of which have signed agreements with the Administration Bureau, and the Zhejiang Provincial Finance Department will provide ecological compensation, and the compensation standards will be dynamically increased.
Author: Xie Yi Professor of School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University,
English version of this article is titled "Natural shared future"
Source: China Daily Network
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-