Guangming Daily reporter Yan Weiqi Ren Peng
Sunday, March 2, 1930, sunny. In the afternoon, Lu Xun, accompanied by Feng Xuefeng and Roushi , walked out of Jingyunli Alley and went to Shanghai University of Art hundreds of meters away. At two o'clock in the afternoon, the founding meeting of the China Left-wing Writers Alliance was held, announcing the birth of the first revolutionary literary organization led by the Communist Party of China. Since then, the Chinese left-wing cultural movement with Lu Xun as the flag bearer has been vigorously carried out, and the history of Chinese revolution and the history of modern Chinese literature have opened a new chapter.
91 Under the warm winter sun, we walked around the area of , , Duolun Road, and , Sichuan North Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai. We turned the road, walked through the alley, and once again walked into the venue of the Left League founding conference, shuttled through Jingyunli, Gongfei Cafe, Neishan Bookstore, and Mainland New Village, and visited the footprints left by a group of left-wing cultural celebrities such as Lu Xun, Qu Qiubai, and , Mao Dun . We can’t help but wonder: How much practical significance does the name Zuolian have to the young generation today? Looking back at this chapter of shouting and writing in the dark night, why does it still make people respect it?
stands at the forefront of the times, pursues advanced culture, attracts and unites a large number of intellectuals
Chinese proletarian revolutionary literature takes place at the turn of today and tomorrow, growing in slander and oppression, and finally wrote the first article in the darkest of the darkness.
——Lu Xun's "Chinese Proletarian Revolutionary Literature and the Blood of the Forehand"
Left-Link was born in blood. When the Left League was established, the Great Revolution failed and the Chinese revolution reached its lowest point. On the one hand, the Kuomintang reactionaries carried out military encirclement and suppression of revolutionary base areas, and on the other hand, they implemented cultural "encirclement and suppression" in the Kuomintang-controlled areas. The situation at that time urgently required left-wing writers in Shanghai to unite. Under the leadership and promotion of the Communist Party of China, the two-year debate on revolutionary literature ended and the Alliance of Chinese Left Wing Writers was established in Shanghai.
Walk into the Memorial Hall of the China Left Wing Writers Alliance on Duolun Road, and the exhibition hall on the first floor reproduces the scene when the Left Wing Wing was founded on March 2, 1930. A podium, a blackboard, and more than a dozen benches. In this small classroom, more than 50 writers gathered together, and a far-reaching revolutionary literary and artistic movement began.
Firefighters visited the Memorial Hall of the China Left Wing Writers Alliance. Guangming Daily Photo by Yan Weiqi/Guangming Picture
Central Cultural Committee Secretary Pan Hannian made a speech on behalf of the Communist Party of China's Party organization "The Significance and Mission of the League of Left-wing Writers". In June 1929, the Second Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai, and the meeting decided to establish the Central Cultural Work Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "Cultural Committee"). The establishment of the Cultural Committee was the beginning of the Party's organizational strengthening its leadership over revolutionary cultural work. Subsequently, in the midst of everyone's expectations, Lu Xun made an impromptu speech on "Opinions on the Alliance of Left-wing Writers".
"I think now, 'left-wing' writers are easy to become 'right-wing' writers. Why? First, if you don't contact the actual social struggle, just keep your articles in the glass window and study problems, it is easy to do no matter how intense and 'left'; however, when you encounter reality, it will be broken immediately..." Faced with the radical performance of "left" at that time, Lu Xun showed his coldness. He proposed that revolutionary writers must contact actual social struggles, and for the first time pointed out that literature and art should serve the "workers and peasants mass". The conference was held until the sky was dark and passed the action program, and elected Xia Yan , Feng Naichao , Qian Xingle, Lu Xun, Tian Han , Zheng Boqi , Hong Lingfei 7 as executive members. The establishment of the Left League marks that the Communist Party of China has officially begun to lead the left-wing cultural movement not only in terms of thought but also in terms of organization. After the establishment of the Left League, it quickly expanded to the whole country, and successively established regional organizations such as the Northern Division of the China Left-wing Writers Alliance and Tianjin and Guangzhou branches. In the summer of 1930, the Zuolian Tokyo Branch was established. In November 1930, the Left League joined the "International Alliance of Revolutionary Writers".
"Left League is a product of the world's left-wing cultural thoughts and revolutionary literary and artistic movements. Many of the activities of Left League are synchronized with the Mao Dun handwriting in the collection of the Memorial Hall of the China Left-wing Writers Alliance."In the view of scholar and executive vice director of Ba Jin's former residence, "The revolutionary nature of the Left League is first reflected in its pioneering nature." Observing the Left League as a political and cultural phenomenon under the background of the world, we can see the advanced nature of our party - always standing at the forefront of the times, pursuing advanced culture, and starting a war against decline and corruption, thus attracting and uniting a large number of intellectuals.
Use the pen as a gun to inspire the public, and let the red flag of literature and art stand and fly
The purpose of our literary movement is to seek the liberation of the emerging classes.
-"The Theoretical Program of the Chinese Left-Wing Writers Alliance"
Shanghai Mainland New Village, Shanyin Road, Hongkou, Shanghai, was the last residence of Lu Xun during his lifetime. Through the road, the new-style house in Dongzhaoli From March to June 1933, Qu Qiubai, the early leader of the Communist Party of China, lived here. It was here that Qu Qiubai completed the compilation of "Selected Works of Lu Xun's Miscellaneous Thoughts" while sick, and wrote a preface of more than 15,000 words. He was the first to analyze Lu Xun's creation and thoughts with Marxist literary and artistic theory.
Following the footsteps of the staff of the Memorial Hall of the Left League, we set out from Duolun Road and walked along the "Lu Xun Trail". To this day, there are still a large number of left-leaf couplet relics in Hongkou District, and the "Lu Xun Trail" is a series of connections between several of the locations. The path witnessed so many historical storms, we seemed to see that "they" 90 years ago walked through the walk, using the pen as a gun to inspire the public and let the red flag of literature and art stand and fly.
Left League attaches importance to the connection with world literature. Under the promotion of Lu Xun, Qu Qiubai and others, Left League strengthened Translation and research of Marxist literary theory, and great efforts were made to import literary works from the Soviet Union and other countries. According to statistics, from 1919 to 1949, about 1,700 foreign literary books were translated and published nationwide, accounting for 40% of them translated and published during the Left League period. In addition to early proletarian literary works such as Gorky's "Hidden " and Fatiev's "Destruction", works by progressive writers from other countries such as Sinclair's "Assassination" and Remake 's "No War on the Western Front" were also introduced to China.
On April 25, 1931, " Outpost " launched the "Special Identity to Commemorate the Dead".
Left League's achievements and works stood on the commanding heights of the advanced culture of that era, and were even more popular. The precious wealth of future generations. In 2020, on the 90th anniversary of the establishment of the Left League, the Memorial Hall of the China Left League of Writers Association completed the largest renovation and renovation project in nearly 20 years. Some dusty Left League past is presented to the audience with new appearance. The third floor of the
Memorial Hall is a display of representative works of left-wing literature and art. Under the banner of left-wing culture, literature, film, drama and other creations are extremely active. Taking movies as an example, in March 1933, the Party’s film group led by Xia Yan was established. From 1933 to 1937, 74 Left League movies were filmed and released one after another. In the center of the exhibition hall, movie clips such as "Fisherman's Light", "Road Angel", and "Shen Yun Children" are played in a scrolling manner.
"The members of the Left League back then were mostly a group of young people, and we hope to tell the story of Left League to young people today. "He Ying, director of the Memorial Hall of the Left League's Association, said, "The unremitting pursuit of advanced culture is the indelible significance of the Left League's era. "
Go to the people and maintain flesh-and-blood connection with the world you are in. It is the inspiration of the spirit of the "Left League" to the current literature and art
First of all, the Left League should "go to the masses"! We should strive to implement the transformation - implement "popularization of literature and art" - the most important task at present.
- "Resolution on the Current Specific Work of the Left League"
In January 1933, Kaiming Bookstore published Mao Dun's novel " Midnight 》, reprinted 4 times in 3 months, becoming a sensational bestseller and one of the representative works of left-wing literature.
In Zhou Limin's view, Mao Dun's success lies in the writer's opening up the world of his own life experience and presenting Shanghai in the 1930s from the perspective of finance and capital. The same is true for the Ai Wu , who is also a member of the left alliance, " Southbound Travel HTML ", which is also a member of the left. The suffering and struggle of the people on the Yunnan-Burma border, as well as the display of legendary style, has opened up a new territory for literature to reflect social life."Focusing on the present, going to the people, and maintaining flesh-and-blood ties with the world we are in is the embodiment of the spirit of the Left League and the character needed by Chinese literature at present," said Zhou Limin.
In 2016, writer Cheng Xiaoying participated in the "Red Starting Point" creation project initiated by Shanghai Writers Association , dived into the sorting of the past events of the Left League, and completed the creation of the non-fiction work "Blank Paper and Red Letters" in three years. In his opinion, at the lowest point of the revolution, the Left League first unveiled the banner of left-wing culture, which promoted the development of revolutionary culture. The "popularization of literature and art" advocated by the Left League also profoundly influenced the later literary and artistic construction of Yan'an and New China.
In early 1936, due to the new situation of the anti-Japanese national united front, the Left League was dissolved and the tide of anti-Japanese and national salvation culture was brought into the tide of anti-Japanese and national salvation culture. Although the Left League has only been around for about 6 years, it has made outstanding achievements in spreading Marxist literary and artistic theory, developing new literature and criticism, translating and introducing foreign progressive works and writers, cultivating new literary talents, and opening up new literary paths for the masses of the people, and has made important contributions to the development of Chinese proletarian literature and culture since the 20th century.
On May 23, 1942, Mao Zedong first emphasized that literature and art are for the people at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium. Handle , Chinese Department, Luogang, said that the Left League inherited the tradition of the May Fourth New Culture Movement and continued to "look down", from "Literature for Life" to "popularization of literature and art", so that new literature and new culture can accommodate more people as much as possible. In this regard, from the May Fourth Movement to the Left League, to the Yan'an period, and even after the founding of New China, this clue has been running through the Party's view of literary and artistic creation, forming a "people-centered" creative orientation. After 90 years, the thinking of "popularization of literature and art" that originated from the Left League still shines with the light of the times.
"Guangming Daily" (05th edition, January 27, 2021)
Source: Guangming.com-Guangming Daily
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