Introduction
In the past two years, with the popularization of USB PD fast charging and high-power private fast charging technologies, the market share of Type-C charging interfaces has shown geometric growth, and has become the main interface type for device charging and data transmission at present and in the future. According to the data, European Commission has begun legislative procedures and proposes to require Type-C to become the standard charging port for all mobile devices. National Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also stated that it will promote the unification of device charging interfaces.
Type-C interface introduction
Type-C interface is the full name of USB Type-C interface. It is a brand new USB interface form. The Type-C interface has 4 pairs of TX/RX splitters, 2 pairs of USBD+/D-, a pair of SBUs, 2 CCs, and there are 4 VBUS and 4 ground wires. The full pin is 24 pins, and the upper and lower ones are 12 pins.
Because of its symmetrical pin design, devices equipped with Type-C interface do not need to distinguish the front and back sides when charging, and they are always plugged in. Therefore, since the release of the USB-C specification in 2014, many new Android mobile devices, laptops, , desktops, and even gaming consoles have begun to use this connection port, greatly improving the user's charging experience. Advantages and disadvantages of the
Type-C interface. As a full-function interface, the
Type-C interface can not only achieve power transmission power of up to 240W in PD 3.1, but also achieve data transmission bandwidth of up to 40Gbps in USB4, but also realize the transmission of various data types such as ultra-high-definition video and digital audio. One Type-C data cable can replace multiple cables.
However, Type-C data cable also has some obvious disadvantages in daily use: the increase in the Pin foot of the Type-C interface brings convenience, but also brings risks. Sweat or metal foreign matter can easily contact the Pin foot, causing short circuits and causing safety problems;
When using Type-C data cable fast charging, the high temperature problems caused by high power will not only affect the product itself, but also cause certain damage to the internal electronic component .
In response to the above problems, Jinrui Electronics provides a set of convenient, fast and reliable solutions - JKPPTC series self-recovery fuse products. As long as one fuse element is connected in series to a small USB power cord, it can achieve excellent cost-effective protection
effect.
self-recovery fuse (PPTC) introduction
PPTC full name Polymer Positive Temperature Coefficient, it is a polymer (polymer) positive temperature coefficient thermistor .
JKPPTC Working principle is shown in the figure above. At normal temperature, the polymer confines the conductive substances in a crystalline structure, forming a conductive chain with low impedance tightly arranged. When a large current passes or the external ambient temperature rises, the component temperature will be higher than the operating temperature. The polymer melts and expands, causing the conductive substances to form irregular arrangements, and the component impedance will be rapidly increased.
JKPPTC has the characteristics of dual regulation of current and temperature, and can effectively target the TYPE-C interface with easy short circuit and high temperature. Therefore, overcurrent conditions can be eliminated to achieve the purpose of protecting circuits and components.
JKPPTC product is shown in the figure above. JKPPTC will automatically recover only after the power is cut off or the fault is repaired. Continuous power will not recover. This feature effectively solves the potential danger of the temperature drop and repeated work burning out the interface circuit, and at the same time ensures that the interface circuit and system equipment are protected.
Type-C protection application
Currently, for the overcurrent protection of USB 3.0, new PPTC components have emerged in the industry to ensure that the design complies with the USB 3.0 specification requirements. For example, although USB 3.0 reduces voltage requirements at the power supply side, the next-generation PPTC components still ensure that the voltage drop of the PPTC does not exceed 0.1V at full load, which not only ensures compatibility with the USB 2.0 device, but also retains greater design margins for other components or circuits on the motherboard.
In addition, the new generation of overcurrent protection components can maintain full load and no action at high temperatures above 50℃, avoiding PPTC components from malfunctioning due to temperature (thermal derating), especially on the back-end USB port of desktop computers. Using the JKPPTC solution in the above application scenarios can not only achieve dual protection of overtemperature and overcurrent, but also effectively save costs.
PPTC and semiconductor switches
In the USB 3.0 specification, it is clearly required to use current limiting components as protection for the power supply terminal, and PPTC components and low-voltage semiconductor switches are often used to solve this current limiting solution. Most of the time, based on multiple considerations, engineers prefer to use PPTC components to prevent circuit damage. Because the amount of disposable current is increased in USB 3.0, the current-limiting component needs to pass more current, but at the same time maintains a certain voltage drop. The comparison between
in USB applications and semiconductor switches is shown in the above table. It can be seen that PPTC has more advantages in price, fault current and fault energy tolerance, electrostatic sensitivity, electrical energy loss, etc.
Jinrui Electronics JKPPTC series product selection is shown in the above table. Optional JK-SMD0805-200L, JK-SMD0805-300L in 0805 package; Optional JK-NSMD-400L in 1206 package, JK-NSMD-500L in 1812 package.
About Jinrui Electronics
Jinrui Electronics focuses on the research and development of overcurrent, overvoltage and electrostatic protection devices. It was established by Chinese Academy of Sciences . It has been produced for more than 30 years. It is a national high-tech enterprise in . Main production: self-recovery fuse PTC.
Charging Head Network Summary
Type-C interface has been popular among the market and consumers once it was launched with excellent features such as perfect functions, powerful compatibility, and forward and reverse blind insertion. Not only does it achieve full coverage on smart devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, it is also widely used in real wireless headphones, speakers, cameras, razors and other devices.
With the popularity of Type-C wires, the market's safety requirements for Type-C wires have also increased. The JKPPTC series self-recovery fuse launched by Jinrui Electronics this time has many advantages such as high cost performance, flexible use, low resistance and low loss, strong impact resistance, and strong impact resistance. It can provide cable safety with dual protection of secondary overtemperature and overcurrent for cable safety in the event of active protection failure to ensure the safety of consumers.
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