Powerful ministers refer to ministers who hold actual power. In the entire feudal society, the struggle between imperial power and ministerial power has always been the core point of the ruling class's interests, and ministerial power represents the rights of ministers. However, as the development of all dynasties, imperial power has become increasingly concentrated, and ministerial power has gradually weakened. Until the establishment of the "Military Affairs Office" of the Qing Dynasty, it can be said that ministerial power has officially withdrawn from the historical stage.
So, what are the five famous powerful ministers in history?
1, Cao Cao , Leo
Emperor Wu of Wei Cao Cao (July 18, 155 - March 15, 220), whose real name is Jili, whose courtesy name is Mengde, his nickname is Aman, was from Qiao, the governor of Yuzhou (now Bozhou, Anhui). An outstanding politician, military strategist, writer, and calligrapher in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and the founder of the Cao Wei regime.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Cao Cao conquered the four sides in the name of the Emperor of Han, eliminated the separatist forces such as the Second Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Machi, Han Sui, and subdued the Southern Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Xianbei, etc. to the outside world, unified northern China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, expanded military farmland, developed water conservancy, rewarded agriculture and sericulture, attached importance to handicrafts, resettled exiles, and implemented "rental modulation", thus making the Central Plains society gradually stabilized and the economy turned around.
In the 18th year of Jian'an (213), Cao Cao was granted the title of Duke of Wei, established the Duke of Wei, established the capital of Yecheng, Hebei, and later promoted the title of King of Wei. After his death, his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and respected Cao Cao as Emperor Wu and his temple name was Taizu.
Since ancient times were all lunar calendars, we converted July 18 to the perpetual calendar on the solar calendar on August 13th.
2. Guo Ziyi , Sagittarius
Guo Ziyi (697-781), whose name is Ziyi, is from Huazhou Zheng County (now Shaanxi Weinan City Huazhou District). A famous general of the Tang Dynasty, a politician and military strategist.
in the early years, he passed the military rankings and joined the army. He was promoted to the prefect of Jiuyuan and was not valued. After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, he was appointed as the governor of Shuofang, led his troops to defend the king, recovered Hebei and Hedong areas, and was appointed as the Minister of War and Tongpingzhangshi. In the second year of Zhide (757), he assisted King Guangping Li Chu to recover the two capitals, moved to Situ, and was granted the title of Duke of Dai. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), he was appointed as the Secretary of the Central Secretariat . In May of the second year of Qianyuan (759), he was responsible for the defeat in Xiangzhou and was dismissed from his post and unemployed. In the early years of the first year of Baoying (762), after the Hedong mutiny, he was named King of Fenyang, raised an army to quell the rebellion, and later removed the military power. In the winter of the first year of Guangde (763), after Tubo captured Chang'an, he was ordered to dispatch troops and expel the Tubo enemy troops. In the second year of Guangde (764), when Pugu Huai'en led the invasion of Tubo and Uighurs, he persuaded the Uighurs and joined forces to defeat Tubo.
In the 14th year of Dali (779), after Emperor Dezong of Tang ascended the throne, he was appointed as the Taiwei and the Secretariat, and was appointed as the imperial tomb envoy, and was given the title of "Shangfu", increasing his fief and depriving his real power. In the second year of Jianzhong (781), he died at the age of 85. He was posthumously awarded the title of Taishi , with the posthumous title of Zhongwu, and was given a gift to the ancestral temple court in the ancestral temple and buried with Jianling.
3, Zhang Juzheng , Gemini
Zhang Juzheng (May 24, 1525-July 9, 1582), whose courtesy name is Shuda and his pseudonym is Taiyue, his young name is Zhang Baigui , Huguang Jingzhou Wei (Hubei Province Jingzhou City ) military origin. Born in Jiangling County (Jingzhou), hence it is called " Zhangjiangling ". The Ming Dynasty politician, reformer, and chief assistant to the cabinet, assisted Emperor Wanli Zhu Yijun in carrying out the "Wanli New Policy", which is known in history as " Zhang Juzheng's reform ".
Jianshi in the 26th year of Jiajing (1547). In the first year of Longqing (1567), he served as the Left Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and the Grand Secretary of the Dongge. Later, he was transferred to the second assistant of the cabinet and was the Minister of Personnel and the Grand Secretary of the Jianji Palace. In the sixth year of Longqing (1572), he served as the chief minister of the cabinet and the Grand Secretary of the Jinzhong Jidian. All military and political affairs were presided over by Zhang Juzheng. He served as the chief minister of the cabinet for ten years and implemented a series of reform measures.In terms of finance, the Qing Dynasty relied on the fields and implemented the "One Whip Law", and all the taxes and labor were paid in silver. "Taicang grain could be used for ten years, and Zhou Temple deposited funds reached more than four million"; in terms of military, famous generals such as Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang and other Li Chengliang and other famous generals were appointed to quell the southwest rebellion with Lingyunyi and Yin Zhengmao and other people. In terms of officialdom, comprehensive verification of names and reality was implemented, and the "examination method" was adopted to assess officials at all levels, "even thousands of miles away, they were followed in the morning and evening", and the political system was solemn.
Death in June of the tenth year of Wanli (1582), at the age of 58, was awarded the title of Shangzhu Kingdom and was posthumously named Wenzhong (all of which were later deprived). The only civil servant in the Ming Dynasty who was awarded the title of Taifu and Taishi during his lifetime. After his death, his home was raided by Emperor Shenzong of Ming Dynasty and his reputation was restored in the second year of Tianqi (1622) of Emperor Xizong of Ming Dynasty. He has written " Zhang Taiyue Collection ", "Direct Interpretation of Books and Classics", "Annotation of the Emperor's Pictures" , etc.
4, Heshen , Cancer
Heshen (July 1, 1750 - February 22, 1799), surnamed Niuhulu, original name was Shanbao, and his courtesy name was Zhizhai, and his name was the master of Jialetang, Shihuyuan, and Luye Pavilion. Manchuria Zhenghongqi, a mid-term option minister and businessman in the Qing Dynasty.
When Heshen first became an official, he was smart and capable, and consolidated his position through the Li Shiyao case. Emperor Qianlong favored him very much and married the youngest daughter, the tenth princess, to Heshen's eldest son, Fengshen Yinde, , which made Heshen not only have great power, but also became a royal relative. As power grew, his selfish desires became increasingly expanding. He used his position to form cliques for personal gain, accumulate money, and attack political enemies. In addition, Heshen also personally operated industry and commerce, opened 75 pawn shops, more than 300 large and small silver boxes, and had commercial transactions with the British East India Company and the Guangdong Thirteen Banks. Heshen once served and served as many key positions in the central government of the Qing Dynasty. He was awarded the title of First Class Duke Zhongxiang and was appointed as the Grand Secretary of Wenhua Hall. His positions mainly include the Chief Grand Secretary of the Cabinet, the Minister of Military Affairs, the Minister of Personnel, the Minister of Revenue, the Minister of Justice, and the Minister of Lifan Academy. He also served as the General Manager of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, the Chief President of the Siku Quanshu, the Minister of the Inspectorate, the Minister of the Infantry Army, and other dozens of important positions.
In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Emperor Jiaqing issued an order to dismiss Heshen from prison. The wealth Heshen accumulated was worth about 800 million to 1.1 billion taels of silver. The gold and silver he owned, plus other antiques and treasures, exceeded the total fiscal revenue of the Qing government in the past fifteen years. Fifteen days after Emperor Qianlong's death, Emperor Jiaqing gave Heshen to commit suicide, and Heshen was only forty-nine years old when he died.
5. Li Hongzhang , Aquarius
Li Hongzhang (February 15, 1823-November 7, 1901), whose real name is Zhang Tong, whose courtesy name is Jianfu, Zifu, and his nickname is Shaoquan (also known as Shaoquan). In his later years, he called himself Yisou, and his nickname was Liuwen, a native of Hefei, Anhui Province, a famous official in the late Qing Dynasty, and one of the main leaders of the Westernization Movement . People in the world call it "Li Zhongtang". Because of his conduct, he is also called "Mr. Li Er" among the people.
As an important official in the late Qing Dynasty, Li Hongzhang was the founder and commander of the Huai Army and Beiyang Navy and one of the leaders of the Westernization Movement. He established China's first Western Navy - the Beiyang Navy. He served as the Third Division of the East Palace, the Grand Secretary of Wenhua Palace, the Minister of Commerce of Beiyang, the Governor of Zhili, and the title was first-class Su Yibo. He participated in a series of major historical events throughout his life: including suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, suppressing the Nian Army Uprising, the Westernization Movement, and Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. He signed a series of unequal treaties such as " Vietnam Treaty ", " Shimonoseki Treaty ", "Simplified Sino-French Treaty Middle School", " Xinchou Treaty ", etc.
Japanese Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi is regarded as "the only person in the Qing Empire who is capable of competing with the world's powers." German Navy Minister Conard called "Oriental Bismarck", and Empress Dowager Cixi regarded as "the man who recreated Xuanhuang". She is known as "the four famous ministers of ZTE" together with Zeng Guofan , Zhang Zhidong , and Zuo Zongtang . After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Grand Tutor and was promoted to the First Class Marquis of Suyi, with the posthumous title of Wenzhong. His works were collected in "Complete Works of Duke Li Wenzhong".
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