As we all know, if many dynasties exist for a short time, their politics, economy and culture will have little impact on society, and their impact on history will be minimal. This is an objective fact. But in history, the , which only existed for 37 years, is an exception.
can be said to be a sparrow that is small and has all the internal organs.
Even the later Tang Dynasty was deeply influenced by the Sui Dynasty.
Tang Taizong once visited the granary of the Sui Dynasty and lamented: "Consider the world's reserves, and can be supplied for fifty or sixty years."
Economy: Emperor Yang of Sui built the whole country's efforts to build the Grand Canal . Putting aside the consumption factors such as manpower, material resources, and financial resources, but from the perspective of the exchange of the Grand Canal on the north-south economy and culture of China, it is unprecedented and the most far-reaching influence in history. The Grand Canal of Sui and Tang Dynasties is centered on Luoyang , and the two ends are connected to Beijing and Hangzhou. At that time, this was the major artery connecting the north and south, which is similar to today's South-to-North Water Diversion .
Culture: Start the imperial examination, so that poor children can change their destiny through fair and just study hard and working hard. This system has been used until Hong Kong in the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for more than 1,300 years, which shows how great the impact it has on later generations.
Military: The military government system became increasingly complete during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. This military system emphasizes the unity of military and agricultural. That is, when he is free, he will plow the fields and wear armor to fight in wartime. The government also rewards soldiers who win battles, as the saying goes, labor will not waste the farming season. This system strongly promoted subsequent military development.
In addition to some of the above historical achievements, the Sui Dynasty, such as the construction of Great Wall , patrolling Western Regions , and building the eastern capital, all had a positive and far-reaching impact on later generations.
But such a great dynasty was unpopular with the people, the reform plan was not mature and was advanced too quickly, and eventually a serious ruling crisis broke out and a peasant uprising was broken.
Emperor Yang of Sui Three strife of Goguryeo
strife of Goguryeo is not a random move, there are at least two reasons:
1. Unified China
In fact, Liaodong and the Korean Peninsula region have always been the sphere of influence of the Chinese before this. This is a brief talk about the history of Liaodong.
At that time, the capital of Goguryeo Pyongyang In the Zhou Dynasty, was the capital of descendant of Shang Jizi . At that time, Jizi moved east to the Korean Peninsula in order to avoid disaster. It was called " Jizi North Korea " in history. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the Yan people Wei Man crossed the eastward Yalu River , destroyed Jizi's descendants, and established their own regime, which is the "Wei Dynasty". When Emperor Wu of Han , the Han Dynasty sent troops to destroy the Wei Dynasty and established four counties, namely Lelang , Xuantu, Lintun and Zhenfan, and implemented the same management model as the Central Plains. At this time, North Korea officially belonged to the Central Plains dynasty. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liaodong prefect Gongsun Kang set up another Daifang County to the south of Lelang County, and later it also belonged to the territory of Cao Wei . However, during the period of the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the world was in chaos, and the Liaodong region gradually broke out of control. The Goguryeo people operating in the Changbaishan area in eastern Jilin gradually moved south. Not only did they occupy the three original counties in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, but they also occupied a lot of territory in the Liaodong Peninsula. Since then, this land has become the sphere of influence of Goguryeo.
Goguryeo was originally the territory of the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Yang of Sui's dream was to become a person like Emperor Wu of Han.
2. Conflict of power
Although Goguryeo maintained friendly relations with the Sui Dynasty on the surface, paid tribute to the Sui Dynasty and accepted the enthronement of the Sui Dynasty, behind the scenes, it actively supported the destruction forces of the Northern Qi Dynasty that year, and on the other hand, it sent people to the Chen Dynasty in Jiangnan to pay tribute.
typical two-end flattery, two-faced person .
Later, the Sui Dynasty unified China, and Goguryeo was not idle either. It gradually conquered the nearby ethnic groups such as Marine, Khitan, Xi, Shiwei, and the two small countries in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula Silla and Baekje are not its opponents.
Since Goguryeo Good King succeeded to the throne, Goguryeo began to enter its heyday. According to the records of the Hot Tai Monument erected by the Hot Tai King's son Changshou King for him, the Hot Tai King conquered 64 cities and 1,400 villages in a battle with Fuyu. Later, the Hota King annexed the northern Fuyu Kingdom and the Marine tribe, forming an absolute dominant position over Baekje in military terms, and forced Silla to surrender in the wars between Silla, Baekje, Gaya and the Japanese.
At this time, Goguryeo became the largest force in the Liaodong region.
In order to conquer Goguryeo, Emperor Yang of Sui issued an edict, promulgating four major crimes, including not cultivating positions, recruiting deceased and rebelling, invading Liaodong, and internal affairs disorder. Then he announced that he was in charge of the imperial expedition, and the prologue of Emperor Yang of Sui's three expeditions to Goguryeo was officially opened. Unexpectedly, the Three Conquests Goguryeo sounded the death knell of the Great Sui Dynasty.
In the 17th year of Kaihuang (597), Yingyang Wang joined forces with Marine to take the lead in attacking the military garrison in western Liaoning, but was repelled by Wei, the general manager of Yingzhou. In the 18th year of Kaihuang (598), Emperor Wen of Sui appointed King of Han, Yang Liang, and Wang Shiji as the marshal of the army, Zhou Luohou as the chief of the navy, leading a large army of 300,000 to attack Goguryeo in two groups. King Yang Liang of Han led the Sui army to Linyu Pass (now Shanhai Pass). It was rainy season, the roads were muddy, the food was not available, the army lacked food, and it was also affected by epidemics. The Sui army was led by Zhou Luohu and went to sea from Donglai (now Ye County, Shandong) toward Pyongyang City. When encountering strong winds on the sea, most of the ships sank. On September 21, the water and land routes were forced to return. Eight to nine out of ten people of the Sui army died, and the Sui army had to retreat. King Gao Yuan of Yingyang said that "Liaodong Dudian Yuan" , meaning that he was willing to bow his head and surrender. Emperor Wen of Sui then stopped his troops and treated him as before.
Although there was no substantial war this time, it laid the lead for the large-scale conquest in the future.
After Emperor Yang of Sui ascended the throne, the Sui Dynasty completed the expedition of many ethnic groups in the west, north and south, and the domestic economy also reached its peak. Emperor Yang of Sui knew that King Yingyang of Goguryeo secretly understood the Turkic , and gave him a warning to him to be a minister and to pay homage to the court on time, and then he would not blame him for the past. However, King Yingyang of Goguryeo insisted on "not following" Emperor Yang of Sui, which led to "the emperor's discussion on it." In the eighth year of Daye (612), Emperor Yang of Sui ordered an expedition to the east in order to restore the former land of Liaodong, on the pretext that King Goryeo refused to enter the court. The Sui army of all walks together had exceeded 1.13 million, and the civilians transporting materials to the army twice that of the Sui army. The Sui army directly and indirectly participated in the war.
At the end of March of the eighth year of Daye (612), the Sui Dynasty army arrived at Liaohe . The Goguryeo army in Liaodong City attacked several times and then held on to the ground. In order to prevent the generals from attacking and fighting alone to seek merit and reputation, Emperor Yang of Sui ordered them to be divided into three ways. Any attack on military operations must be reported to each other, and the light army is not allowed to advance alone. In addition, the military advancement must be reported to Emperor Yang of Sui first and wait for the order to be replied to. This situation caused the Sui army to be unable to capture the city under the stubborn resistance of the Liaodong defenders. When the army returned, the Goguryeo army attacked from all sides to the half-tired Sui army, with 305,000 soldiers. When they returned to Liaodong City (now the northeast corner of Liaoyang Old City, Liaoyang City), there were only 2,700 people. Emperor Yang of Sui's first real attack on Goguryeo ended in failure. In the ninth year of Daye (613), Emperor Yang of Sui personally led his troops to Goguryeo. Emperor Yang of Sui came to Liaodong in March. On April 27 (May 21), Emperor Yang of Sui crossed the Liaoshui River. He sent General Zuo Yi (yì) Guards General Yuwen Shu and General Yang Yichen to lead his army to Pyongyang. He personally led a large army to set up flying buildings, crash cars, and cloud ladders, and dig tunnels to cooperate. He siege the city day and night for more than 20 days without conquering Liaodong City. Both the Sui Dynasty and Goguryeo suffered heavy casualties.
At this time, domestic bad news came from
Situ, Shangshu Ling, Chun Di Yang Su, son of Yang Xuangan, and Yang Xuangan was in a mutiny. From June to August, the ninth year of Daye (613).
This person is responsible for supervising the transportation of military rations in Liyangcang (Jun County, Henan).
Yang XuanganSee "The people are servile, and the world is in chaos" , and with Tiger Ben Wolf General Wang Bozhong and Ji Junzan Zhu Zhao Huaiyi and other excuses of frequent thieves, deliberately "staying in the canal transportation" , delaying the supply of food and grass to the Sui army, deliberately undermining the deployment of the Liaodong battle, and raising troops in the name of attacking Lai Hu'er.
Yang Xuangan said in Liyang that "the lord is unrighteous, does not regard the people as the thoughts, and the world is harassing, and there are tens of thousands of people who die in Liaodong. Now I will raise an army with you to save the people's evil, what's the case?"
Yang Xuangan's call to "please the people for their destiny" was very popular at the time. "Long live the people's enthusiasm" . The team that followed his uprising expanded rapidly. Yang Xuangan led his army to attack Luoyang, and the Sui army collapsed without fighting.
Emperor Yang of Sui secretly summoned the generals and secretly ordered the withdrawal of troops. After Emperor Yang of Sui returned to the army, Yang Xuangan's rebellion was quickly quelled. Yang Xuangan had no choice but to resist the regular army of the Sui Dynasty. In August, he committed suicide in 公司月公司〈大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大大� Yang Xuangan rose up and failed in just two months. Although the rebellion was quelled, the third and last attack on Goguryeo ended as a result. After
, this dynasty marched towards destruction.
Yunfeng Comment:
In fact, if Yang Xuangan did not mutiny, Emperor Yang of Sui might not be able to conquer Goguryeo.
, and Emperor Yang of Sui issued a document to indicate the spring recruitment and set out the year afterwards. The Sui Dynasty court was so fully prepared, so it must have been decided before it could take action. The Sui Dynasty army was prepared and attacked without any defense. The Sui army was well-organized, with many soldiers and widespread generals. How could he not do anything to a small Goguryeo?
It is not necessary to fight wars because there are many people, the right time, the right place, and the harmonious people. Which point can be ignored? Is it time for the Sui army to go to Liaodong? Is the geographical advantage in the Sui army? On the surface, I was the Great Sui Dynasty to conquer Goryeo and attacked the few with the masses. In fact, there are hundreds of tribes whose names are not known to the Liaodong, including Goguryeo. In this way, how could the harmony of the people be in the Sui army?
Even if you spend a million soldiers, so what?
Why do you need a million to hold a halberd? If you can command the sameness, a hundred thousand is enough to flatten Liaodong. The danger of the Great Sui Dynasty was not in Goryeo, but in Xiao Chuan. Once the army becomes reborn, I am afraid that millions of soldiers will be unable to return home!
Emperor Yang of Sui has been working hard for years and has long been unpopular. Under his disadvantage, the large army collapsed at once, and the Sui army has no advantage in all aspects. How can we talk about victory?
Yang Guang cruelty is true, and it is true that people are tired and hurt their money and make people live in poverty. It is not without reason to say that his achievements are greater than their faults, but his impression of his series of achievements cannot be erased.
can only say that before doing things, think about it first and accumulate capital first.
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