The United States is an expanding country. As Robert Kagan, a senior researcher at the Brookings Institute in the United States, pointed out in the book "Dangerous Country" written by: "The United States has always been a dangerous country, with expansion and expansion."
The United States has long been "liked" in my country, Taiwan. As early as July 1844, the United States forced the Qing government of China to sign the first unequal treaty between China and the United States, "Wangxia Treaty", to obtain "trading ports" such as Xiamen and covet Taiwan, believing that Taiwan can be used as an ideal transit and supply station for American merchant ships. However, because the United States was busy expanding and consolidating its territory on the American continent at that time, it had no time to take too much into consideration. In April 1865, the Civil War in the United States ended, domestic capitalism developed rapidly, and the momentum of external expansion was increasing. In the 1860s, U.S. Consul General in Xiamen Li Xiande and U.S. Consul General in Hong Kong Ithaca Allen suggested that the U.S. government involve in Taiwan as soon as possible. According to Ithaca Ayron, it is "Our government wants to obtain this big island" .
In September 1899, with the momentum of the latecomers in the United States, the United States officially proposed the "open door" policy to China, further participating in the competition between the imperialist powers to divide China. However, since Taiwan had been occupied by Japan in April 1895. Therefore, the conflict of interest between the United States and Japan in the Pacific is more direct.
In early 1942, George Ko, who served in the Pentagon Far East Strategy Group, prepared a memorandum for the US military, pointing out that Taiwan has "potential" significance to the United States economically and strategically, and reminding the US government not to "easily hand over Taiwan to the Chinese to control" . However, the US authorities, considering the best interests of the strategic at that time, made a decision to agree to return Taiwan to China. In November 1943, the heads of the United States, Britain and China jointly issued the famous Cairo Declaration, confirming that the Chinese land occupied by Japan, including the Northeast, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, would be returned to China after the war. On July 26, 1945, the United States, Britain and China issued the Potsdam Declaration, urging Japan to surrender unconditionally. The eighth item reiterated: "The conditions of the Cairo Declaration will be implemented, and Japan's sovereignty will be limited to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, the four countries and other islands decided by us." This international agreement reaffirms that Taiwan belongs to Chinese territory and should be returned to China. As the United States, which dominated these two documents, had three purposes at that time:
1. Promote Chiang Kai-shek to continue to drag down the Japanese army in order to defeat Japan as soon as possible;
2. It helps to build China into a stronger way so that it can weaken Japan's strength in the Asia-Pacific region after the war;
3. The most important thing is to help cultivate a pro-American China, so as to facilitate the post-war control of the Soviet Union, and consolidate and strengthen the United States' strength in the Asia-Pacific region.
However, Chiang Kai-shek was really too unscrupulous. The development of the situation in China after the end of World War II broke the US government's wishful thinking. With its pivotal position in the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Communist Party of China has won the support of more and more Chinese people. Chiang Kai-shek's corruption, incompetence and active anti-communist policies have lost more and more people's hearts. Therefore, the US government began to plan to split Taiwan to stop the victory of the Chinese people's revolution.
In February 1947, the "February 28 Incident" broke out in Taiwan. During this period, due to the turbulent situation, some people with ulterior motives took the opportunity to advocate "Taiwan independence", and some people went to the US Embassy to demand "political refuge." On March 3, the U.S. Consulate General in Taipei analyzed the situation in Taiwan at that time and suggested "immediately "intervention" the situation in Taiwan in the name of the United States or in the name of the United Nations" to prevent "government-armed massacre." On March 6, the proposal was approved by U.S. Ambassador to China, Leighton Stuart. Stuart immediately sent the document directly to the Secretary of State with a secret telegram, known in history as the "Stuart Secret Document".
According to the information obtained by the US Consulate in Taipei, the Taiwanese people's resistance is only dissatisfied with the current government. Their purpose is not to split China, and they are still willing to maintain their "status as Chinese citizens."Of course, the suggester must be very clear that once the United States or the United Nations intervenes, the U.S. government will face a question of how to explain to the Kuomintang government and the international community. In order to deal with the Kuomintang government, the US's "China Communications" suggestions are: The United States can assure the Chinese government that Taiwan is only "custodial" and will be returned to a "responsible" Chinese government in the future. When planning this suggestion, American strategists also racked their brains to deal with international public opinion. Because Taiwan has returned to China, it is inappropriate to "trust" part of the territory of a sovereign state, both in international law and morally. To this end, "Story of Stu Leiden" designed a sinister fallacy, which is to force Taiwan's "status" as "legal Japan still has sovereignty over Taiwan." According to the logic of "Stu Leiden's Secret Document", according to this positioning, then the "direct intervention" of the United States is "justified".
As far as the US official attitude is concerned, the White House and the State Department did not intend to interfere in the incidents in Taiwan at that time. However, the final reasoning part of the "status" issue of Taiwan's "Stu Leiden Secret Document" laid the groundwork for the subsequent adjustment of US policy: this is, if the United States intends to intervene in the future, then it can be under the guise of the so-called "status of Taiwan".
On June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out. On June 27, the Seventh Fleet invaded the Taiwan Strait and the Thirteenth Air Force entered Taiwan. US President Truman special statement:
" Formosa (transliterated from Portuguese, a despised title for Taiwan during the colonial period - Huai Zuo Xu Lang's note) The decision to future status must wait for the restoration of Pacific security, the signing of peace treaties with Japan or through the consideration of the United Nations." "This statement by the US government is completely contrary to the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation. In this way, after half a year of brewing, the US government finally took advantage of the opportunity of the Korean War to create an indefinite conclusion of Taiwan's status and re-entered the interference in China's internal affairs. On June 28, Premier Zhou Enlai and Foreign Minister issued a statement, solemnly refuting Truman's above statement and solemnly declared that 'no matter any obstructive action taken by American imperialists, the fact that Taiwan belongs to China can never be changed', and China will surely 'recover Taiwan and all territory belonging to China'." (Editor-in-Chief Tao Wenzhao: "The Middle-Corporate History of Sino-US Relations" Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2004, page 18)
Previously, Stu Leiden tried every means to work hard on personnel layout. He beat Taiwan Chief Executive Chen Yi's "small report" and forced Chiang Kai-shek to remove Chen Yi, who was in charge of Taiwan, and Wei Daoming, the former ambassador to the United States, to reign him. This will be more conducive to "communication" between the United States and Taiwan.
It is worth mentioning that during that period, Liao Wenyi, a very influential Taiwanese independence activist, appeared in Taiwan. He later fought for many years to replace the "Republic of China" and establish the so-called "Independent Republic of Taiwan".
Liao Wenyi, whose ancestral home is Zhangzhou, Fujian. Born in 1910 in a large landlord family in Yunlin County, Taiwan, he graduated from Nanjing Jinling University in the 1930s and later went to the United States to study and obtained a doctorate degree from Ohio University. He returned to China in 1935 and started operating a business in Taiwan in 1940. After Taiwan was liberated, Liao Wenyi devoted himself to the Kuomintang political circle. After running for the election for "National Congress Representative", he began to concentrate on Taiwan independence activities.
In June 1947, the Liao brothers and five others organized the "Taiwan Re-Liberation Alliance" in Shanghai. In July, Liao Wenyi met with Wei Demai, the special envoy sent to China by the United States, submitted an "Opinion on Handling the Taiwan Issues", requiring Taiwan to send representatives to attend the peace treaty meeting with Japan, and requested that Taiwan be temporarily placed under the custody of the United Nations, and hold a referendum for 2 to 3 years to decide that Taiwan belongs to China, is separated from China, or is completely independent. In October, Liao Wenyi and Huang Jinan, a native of Chiayi, Taiwan, held a foreign press conference in Shanghai. Huang Jinan gave a speech in English and promoted the Taiwan independence proposition.In early November, Liao Wenkui (Liao Wenyi's brother) and Huang Jinan went to Nanjing together to meet US Ambassador to China Stuart Leiden, and requested Stuart Leiden to transfer to the US government and propose to the United Nations that the United Nations handle a "referendum" in Taiwan to determine Taiwan's future. Stuart encouraged them and said: "Taiwan independence is a long and arduous road, but it is worth fighting."
Over the years, a large number of stories about Stuart "pretending to" love China have been circulated in Chinese media. If the "Story of Stuart" is added, will Stuart's image be more full?
(Author: Huai Zuo Xulang)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-