On November 16, 2019, Beijing time, The Structural Awards announced the list of winners in the 019 World Structural Awards. After the "Qingdao World Expo City" project originally designed by the China Architectural Design Institute, it was nominated for the "Structural Art Award" and "Large Span Structural Award", it finally won the "Structural Art Award (Architecture Category)" after two nominations: "Structural Art Award" and "Large Span Structural Award".
winning medal
award ceremony site
Judge's comment (judgment evaluation):
Arranged in a cruciform plan with a 500m long, 47m high primary gallery intersected by a 300m long 32m high cross gallery: the structure creates a magnificent light-filled circuit area between large exhibition halls. The primary gallery height is dictated by the surrounding buildings and being in a coastal area it experiences high wind loading.
design adopts a cross-shaped plane, with the main exhibition hall of 500 meters long and 47 meters wide intersecting with the 300 meters long and 32 meters wide exhibition hall; its structural design is between the huge exhibition halls, creating a magnificent and bright transportation space. The height of the main gallery is determined by the surrounding buildings and the wind loads in the coastal areas.
To maintain the lightest of structures a novel prestressed cable arch was developed, with a fabricated box section of just 500mm depth to span 48m.
It is estimated that the use of the cables has allowed a steel weight saving of up to half compared to a traditional arch structure.
To maintain the lightest of structures a novel prestressed cable arch was developed, with a fabricated box section of just 500mm depth to span 48m.
It is estimated that the use of the cables has allowed a steel weight saving of up to half compared to a traditional arch structure.
To maintain the lightest of structures a novel prestressed cable arch was developed, with a fabricated box section of just 500mm depth to span 48m.
It is estimated that the use of the cables has permitted a steel weight saving of up to half compared to a traditional arch structure.
To maintain the lightest of structures a novel prestressed cable arch was developed, with a fabricated box section of just 500mm depth to span 48m.
It is estimated that the use of the cables has permitted a steel weight saving of up to half compared to a traditional arch structure.
To maintain the lightest of structures a novel prestressed cable arch was developed, with a fabricated box section of just 500mm depth to span 48m.
It is estimated that the use of the cables has permitted a steel weight saving of up to half compared to a traditional arch structure.
To maintain the lightest of structures a novel prestressed cable arch was developed, with a fabricated box section of just 500mm depth to span 48m.
It is estimated that the use of the cables has permitted a steel weight saving of up to half compared to a traditional arch structure.
To maintain the lightest of structures a novel prestressed cable arch was developed, with a fabricated box section of just 500 It is estimated that this cable arch can save more than half of the steel consumption compared to traditional arch structures.
Cast steel components, from cable clamps to arch base pins have been skillfully pared down for the most compact of connections and have enabled quick and safe construction on-site.
Cast steel components such as cable clamps and arch feet have been cleverly streamlined, achieving the most compact connection and ensuring the fast and safe on-site construction.
The judges particularly admired the simple elegance at the intersection of the crossing galleries and the visual coherency of the structure.
The judges particularly appreciated the simplicity and elegance of the intersection of the crossing galleries and the visual consistency of the structure.
Architectural Overview
Qingdao China Railway World Expo City is located in Huangdao District, Qingdao City. The inner spatial structure of the building forms the aesthetic rhythm and visual impact of the external form, making the architectural image real and moving.
elegant and light structural components outline the grand space of the entire central gallery. The evenly arranged structural members reflect a strong sense of rhythm. The cleverly optimized structural nodes fully integrate into the entire building space, rich but not messy, and the light structural system also reduces the sense of depression on the space.
Structural Art
Design Overview
Qingdao World Expo City project is located on the south side of the core area of Qingdao West Coast New District, close to Binhai Avenue, covering a total area of about 3,000 acres. It uses exhibitions and conferences as the core engine to create a multi-functional comprehensive expo new city integrating business, commerce, residence, leisure and vacation.
The total construction area of this plot is about 270,000 square meters, including 12 exhibition halls, 1 cross gallery, and 2 parking buildings. The length is 560m, the width is 352m, each pavilion is 135m in length and the span is 72m. The height of the eaves of the roof of the exhibition hall (building height) is 23.85m, the span of the east-west gallery is 48m, the length is 508m, the height is 35.795m, the span of the north-south gallery is 32m, the length is 287m, and the height is 25.358m.
Gallery Structure Design
Gallery Structure consists of main arch, secondary arch, cross arch, connecting rods between arches and trapped rods, and end arches are set at the ends of the main and secondary arches; each cable arch structure consists of steel arch, chord cable and steel lever between the two. cable arch structure is a hybrid structure composed of cables and arches. The tension of the cable or the support provided by the strut is used to adjust the distribution of the internal force of the structure and limit the development of its deformation, thereby effectively improving the rigidity and stability of the structure.Compared with the traditional truss rods, the cable has a thinner and lighter cross-section, creating a transparent and beautiful interior appearance and showing the own beauty of the structure.
cross gallery roof structure system is a prestressed cable arch structure. The outer surface of the cable arch is along the cylinder mesh shell along the longitudinal direction by using high-strength steel pull rods to set up cross-supports to ensure stability outside the cable arch surface.
main arch winding section port 500x300x20x25, secondary arch winding section port 400X250X20X25l main and secondary arch lower chords are high vanadium cables, with diameters of 68mm and 56mml respectively, using high-strength steel pull rods, and rigid braces are set at the bottom, with a cross section of Φ50x4.5.
main arch span is 47.46m, vector height is 28.75m, and vector span ratio is 1:1.6. The span of the secondary arch direction is 31.56m, the vector height is 19.15m, and the vector span ratio is 1:1.6, both of which are high vector span ratio arch shapes. The main and secondary arches are arranged along their longitudinal direction every 4.5m.
The main and secondary exhibition corridors are arranged at the intersection of the main and secondary exhibition corridors, which effectively reduces the span of the components within the cross arch range, and the cross arch and the intersecting arch share the load in the area. The brim of the end of the gallery adopts a pure arch structure, and the arch foot is buried in the concrete column to form a rigid joint. The brim of the main arch is box-shaped 800~500X400X30X30X30 The arch face depends on its own stiffness to resist, and the outside is connected by support.
After comparison of various typical systems, the chord-stretched cable arch structure of new triangular flexible strut rod is , which is a spatial structure system of steel arch (upper string) + tie rod + cable (lower string). lower chord cable uses high vanadium cable, hot cast cable head and adjustment sleeve, and is made of equal-strength steel tie rod between steel arch chord cables. The overall index of the structural system
is calculated using YJK and MIDAS overall modeling, and the software calculation results are consistent with each other. The overall stability calculation uses ANSYS, and the steel volume is 68kg/㎡.
▲ Stress is lower than that of
rod parts, and most of them are controlled within 0.5. The stress of components at some locations is relatively large, with a maximum value of 0.79.
The stress of the middle cross arch is lower than that of the whole, and most of them are controlled within 0.5. The stress of the components at some locations is relatively large, with a maximum value of 0.6.
Typical main arch component stress ratio is maximum in the middle and top of the span, with a maximum value of 0.4.
The stress ratio of the root member of the main arch brim is the largest, with a maximum value of 0.79. If the plasticity of the root is taken into consideration, the root point hinge is calculated and the stress ratio of the middle-span component is maximum of 0.7.
▲Temperature affects structural mechanical properties
Both ends are retracted at the same time, and the deformation is close to 52mm, which is equivalent to the free deformation amount. The cross-blind braces arranged along the cylindrical mesh shell surface contribute limited to the longitudinal stiffness of the structure.
The maximum bending moment caused by the temperature load outside the winding arch surface is 110kNm, corresponding to the steel beam with the port 500x300x20x25, the stress ratio caused by the temperature load is close to 0.1.
▲Construction process analysis
1. First install the winding roof on the tire frame or sliding method, and cross the oblique cables outside the tension surface; 2. Remove the tire frame; 3. Install the oblique abdominal cable and main cable; 4. Adjust the oblique abdominal cable to the design cable length; 5. Tensing the main cable; 6. Fine-adjust the abdominal cable to the design cable force one by one; 7. Install the roof PC board.
手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手机手
Continuous bridge
Problem: The bridge deck span is close to 32m, and the building hopes that the bridge deck will be light. The first solution to adopt the suspension bridge is difficult to construct and has a great impact on the single basket.
solution: Use combination beam + MTMD to control structural comfort.
gallery roof
PC section adopts: single-layer PC section with four sides supported. The plate thickness is 12 mm, the plate strength is 100MPa, the elastic modulus E = 0.24x104MPa, the Poisson's ratio v = 0.39, and the PC plate density ρ = 12kN/m3.
Exhibition hall structure design
single exhibition hall plane size is about 135 meters x 72 meters, and the building height is about 23.85 meters; the exhibition hall adopts reinforced concrete shear wall + space truss steel structure, and wind-resistant columns are set up around it; each cylinder size is 9×9 meters The two intermediate areas have a span of 54 meters and a truss height of 4.0~4.5 meters. The rods adopt Q345 round steel pipe cross-section, and the node form adopts intersecting nodes; the four corners of each cylinder are used as support for the steel roof, and 24 support is set up in a single exhibition hall; the cylinder close to the arched exhibition hall is set up by a double column, and the gallery structure is separated from the gallery structure to form an independent structural unit; there is a flying eaves between the roof, and an oblique column is used on the outside of the exhibition hall, and the lower chord of the roof is not set up in a suspended ceiling, which has high visual requirements; the roof is topped with a curtain wall metal roof and a ventilation window is provided.
6 shear wall cylinders are installed under the steel structure roof of each exhibition hall as vertical anti-side support structures, and four finished elastic hinge supportes that can release horizontal displacement are set on each cylinder.
Structural layout: 1. The main trusses of each cube are 4.5 meters apart, and the truss height is 4.0 meters to 4.5 meters; 2. There are 5 through trusses in the middle of the X and Y directions; 3. A truss is set between the core cylinders as a support system for 54m×54m trusses; an oblique brace is set in the horizontal plane of the truss to transmit horizontal load; 4. The two ends of the inclined column are hinged, and the horizontal tie rod section at the top of the inclined column is in harmony with the inclined column to cope with the inclined column.
▲Vertical displacement result (constant + active)
▲Displacement under wind load
▲Key issues in design
truss The size and span cause tension to occur at the edge support (the maximum tension design value can reach 1400KN), and the tension effect is resisted by the arrangement of steel in the column; the plane position of the edge truss is modified according to the positioning requirements of the curtain wall (the offset is 500mm from the axis), and the beef leg must be set at the top of the column as the lower support of the elastic support, resulting in two situations: one side beef leg (middle point of the edge line) and two side beef leg (corner point);
ridge line truss top intersection rods, and other rods are connected intersected by increasing the diameter of the ridge line truss ambient rod;
▲Node Finite element analysis (the upper chord intersection point at the top of the ridge line truss)
▲Ndrical finite element analysis (the lower chord intersection point at the top of the ridge line truss)
Construction simulation
overall lifting weight is about 1,000 tons, and a lifting fulcrum is set on the 6 core cylinders.
Foundation design
uses pile foundation, 450 prefabricated square piles, and anti-pull piles are used to solve the problem of anti-floating. The relative elevation of this project is ±0.000 equivalent to the absolute elevation of 7.650 m. The ground survey report recommends that the anti-floating and waterproofing level of the proposed building be considered at 6.50m or the outdoor floor is -0.500. The corresponding geotechnical layer of the proposed building base is mainly filled with soil fill layer and fine sand, and the foundation bearing capacity is low. Therefore, it is recommended to use pile foundation, with the ninth layer of coarse sand or bedrock as the pile foundation holding layer.
Project Information
STRUCTURAL DESIGNER
China Architecture Design & Research Group
CLIENT NAME
Qingdao Cosmopolitan Exposition International Conference and Exhibition Co., Ltd.
LOCATION
Qingdao, China
PRINCIPAL CONTRACTOR
China Railway Tianfeng Construction Engineering Co., Ltd.
ARCHITECTh
China Architecture Design & Research Group
KEY CONTRACTORS
China Railway Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. - Steel manufacturing
China Railway Huatie Supervision Co., Ltd. - Supervision
Shenzhen Qixin Construction Group Co., Ltd. - Curtain wall manufacturing
This article is an original article from the headline account of "Building Structure Magazine". Welcome to share and forward; please do not reprint it officially without the authorship of this magazine.
===========================================
"Architectural Structure" magazine is the most influential magazine in China. It was founded in 1971 and is affiliated to the China Architectural Design Institute. It ranks among the top in the core journal evaluations in previous years. Official website: www.buildingstructure.cn.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-