According to convention, the body of the pharaoh was made into a mummy and buried in the tomb. After that, humans continued to reproduce and thrive, and countless dynasties changed. The body of the pharaoh was "lying on his body" safely in the mummy for more than 3,000 years.
1898, this mummy was excavated by archaeology and was seen in the light of day. The moment they opened it, people were shocked to their chins: the surface of the shriveled body was full of pussy scars. The lower half of the face, neck, shoulders, and there are also on the arms. Each diameter is several millimeters, protruding upwards, and the color turns yellow...
Did this pharaoh die from smallpox? !
The great devil was born
Ramses V, probably the earliest known victim of smallpox.
However, he may not be " patient zero ". It is still difficult to determine where smallpox originated and when it is present. In an era when there are few written records, clues are really hard to find.
Article scientists can only guess based on historical fragments. It may have appeared more than 3,000 years ago, and it is not impossible for it to appear more than 6,000 years ago.
One hypothesis is that smallpox was initially prevalent in Egypt Nile Basin or the Ganges Basin in India. It is densely populated and suitable for smallpox to gain a foothold. After that, he secretly visited Chen Cang and entered Asia and Europe.
Compared with his vague background, the ending of smallpox is clear: On May 8, 1980, the World Health Assembly decided to announce that smallpox was eliminated worldwide. This is the only human infectious disease that has been eliminated so far.
No matter how you calculate it, smallpox has torture and ravage to humans for at least 3,000 years. Among human infectious diseases, it is a well-deserved veteran devil.
Meeting it means fighting with death.
infected people first had a fever and were in pain all over. Once pustules appear in the mouth and tongue, it means that smallpox begins to set up camp openly. With fever, pustules will surround the face, arms, and legs. It won't take long, and the pustules were densely packed, spreading all over the body.
The droplets that cough and sneeze, the juice that pussy breaks through, the mattress used by infected people, and the items that come into contact can all become ways for smallpox to find new hosts.
Celestial flowers, evil flowers come from the sky. Unfortunately, it turned out to be the brand, and three out of ten were unable to save their lives. Even if you survive, you often have unrecognizable appearance due to permanent scars, and you can't even have children and blindness.
For thousands of years, how many people have died of smallpox? No one can tell. What is certain is that smallpox plundered 300 million lives around the world in just the 20th century.
Who is helping the evil?
Trade exchanges, war turmoil, population migration, and intricate connections and entanglements between civilizations are all excellent opportunities for smallpox to expand its territory. It is well aware of this and takes every step forward.
However, until the 15th century, the smallpox base camp was still limited to Eurasia, West Africa , North Africa and other regions.
15-18th century, Europeans greedy colonial expansion made great "contribution" to the spread of smallpox to the New World. They and them are both invaders and help each other to abuse each other.
1507, with the arrival of Spanish colonists, smallpox appeared on Haiti for the first time. The smallpox plague that evolved ruthlessly killed some unimmunized indigenous tribes. Following closely are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexican ... The smallpox is like endless evil waves, one wave higher than the other, killing people like numb.
After a century, the bad luck reappeared on North American Indian .
17th century, smallpox followed British, French and Dutch colonists to land in North America, harassing the unresisting indigenous people. In 1738, smallpox took half of the Cherokee people's lives; in 1759, almost half of the Catowans died from smallpox; in 1837, smallpox swept across the Columbia River basin and half of the indigenous people died.
In front of Tianhua, the Indians without immunity were suffering. Have they ever received "compensation" from European colonists? If you think too much, I am afraid there will be endless expulsion, enslavement and killing.What is even more terrifying is that some Europeans have been immune, and they have actually fueled the fire behind the scenes and actively spread smallpox to the Indians.
1763, a notorious conversation took place between North American British Commander Jeffrey Amherst and Colonel Henry Banquette.
"Can we give smallpox to the dissatisfied Indian tribe without any trace? Now we must use all strategies within our ability to reduce them." Amherst asked.
Banquette replied: "I will try to inoculate (them) with blankets that may fall into their hands, and be careful not to infect yourself."
This is like this, to the end of the 18th century, except for some small islands, smallpox successfully checked in to around the world.
Thousand years of hard work - vaccine or vaccine
I don’t know when, but the ancients realized the temper of smallpox: can overcome smallpox, and will not suffer the sin of smallpox for the rest of their lives . In this case, why not use the ceiling to fight with the ceiling? The weapon is hidden in the pustules of smallpox.
About 1000 AD, a quaint smallpox inoculation method may have quietly emerged among the Chinese people: crush the smallpox scabs and blow them into the nostrils of healthy people. In ancient India, smallpox was inoculated through skin, which was the same.
People found that compared with natural infection, , active vaccination with smallpox usually significantly reduces symptoms and death is greatly reduced.
Tianpox is spreading, and the experience of fighting smallpox is also passed on and accumulated between civilizations. Historians believe that the ancient inoculation methods in China and India were introduced to Egypt in the 13th century and were gradually promoted in Europe in the early 18th century.
At the end of the 18th century, smallpox spread all over the world. In the deepest darkness, important weapons to deal with smallpox are brewing.
1796, a British doctor named Edward Jenner discovered that a milking female worker who had been infected with cowpox did not show any smallpox symptoms after receiving smallpox.
So, Jenner launched a bold experiment: he took something from the cowpox sores on the hands of the milking female worker and inoculated it on the arm of the 9-year-old boy Phipps. Since then, Jenner has repeatedly exposed Phipps to smallpox virus, but the little boy has never suffered from smallpox.
The world's first vaccine was born in the exploration of fighting smallpox. In 1801, Jenner published his book "The Origin of Vaccination", which predicted that the elimination of smallpox, the most terrible disaster for human beings, will surely be the final result of vaccination.
Dawn suddenly appears, how can exploration stop?
found the smallpox vaccine, and new problems followed one after another. How to provide smallpox vaccine in large quantities? tried to cultivate vaccine viruses in cattle, solving this problem . In the 1950s, scientists found ways to produce freeze-dried vaccines. This vaccine does not require complicated cold chains. Doctors put it in a medical bag for a month and it is still effective. The promotion of smallpox vaccine has pushed down another blocking stone.
At this point, we have been going on one after another. After thousands of years, the "Sword of Flower Killing" was finally born with tempering.
Only by joining forces around the world can we achieve success
The sword is in hand, just wait for it to be unsheathed. The process was full of twists and turns.
In 1959, the WHO Congress decided to officially launch a plan, hoping that at least 80% of the population would be vaccinated with smallpox vaccines to get the whole world out of smallpox.
In the early 1950s, North America and Europe were the first to eradicate smallpox. But the imported epidemic continues and they cannot survive alone. Unfortunately, the WHO has been constantly calling on member countries to donate smallpox vaccines, and few respondents have been responding.
days of flowers are not very active either. By the fourth year of the project, smallpox was prevalent in 44 countries, only 14 countries were taking action, 22 countries' implementation plans remain on paper, and the remaining eight countries remained indifferent.
If humans are not active, the virus will be active. In 1967, more than 10 million smallpox cases and 2 million deaths were found in more than 40 countries around the world.
doesn't work once, so I have to do it again. That year, the WHO Congress initiated the "enhanced version" of the smallpox plan. This time, the goal remains unchanged, the difference is that it emphasizes participation of all countries.
is worthy of gratitude. At this stage, smallpox vaccine donations have greatly increased. From 1967 to 1979, 27 countries voluntarily donated more than 400 million doses of vaccines.At that time, many countries with smallpox endemic epidemics also achieved self-sufficiency in smallpox vaccines. The vaccine has been promoted, and people who have lived in smallpox nightmare for generations finally have invisible and powerful protection. While receiving the vaccine, smallpox monitoring and prevention and control were strengthened. Across the world, countless medical workers have taken to the streets, checking door to door, and isolating cases in villages and yards in a timely manner.
plan is advancing day by day, and smallpox was miraculously driven out of human territory . Ten years later, in October 1977, the world's last natural infection of smallpox occurred in Somalia. Since then, a global search for smallpox that lasted for two years has been launched to confirm that this ancient and fierce infectious disease has really been eradicated.
uses vaccines as a weapon to join forces to counterattack. Jenner's prophecy finally came true. So in May 1980, the historic announcement of the resolution of the WHO Congress - that was the declaration of victory for mankind to defeat smallpox.
After thousands of years of life and death struggle, smallpox has gone from invincible to defeat. The end of its abuse history reveals to mankind that the wisest path and most successful experience in the face of major infectious diseases, which is worth constantly revisiting:
On the one hand, the virus is the common enemy of mankind. To defeat it, global cooperation must be cooperated and acted in a unified manner; on the other hand, just as proven historical predictions, using vaccines as the "artifact" to fight the plague is the right choice .
小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小� What about the next one?
This article comes from: Science and Technology Daily
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-