It is the annual National Day Golden Week. This year, we are happy to meet National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival. The arrival of the extended version of the short holiday is heartbreaking. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, October 1st of each year has been the "birthday" of the motherland - National Day, and it is celebrated together. So, did different dynasties in ancient China also have their own "National Day"? How was the so-called "National Day" signed?
The original meaning of "National Day"
The word "National Day" was first seen in the Western Jin Dynasty writer Lu Ji recorded in the article "On the Five Classes of Princes" that "National Day only enjoys its benefits, and the Lord will not worry about its harm." In ancient China, in the feudal society that lasted for more than two thousand years, the whole world was the ascension of the emperor, marriage, and birth of the emperor. Therefore, in ancient my country, the ascension of the emperor and birth of the emperor were called "National Day".
Strictly speaking, there was no "National Day" festival in ancient times. In ancient times, the most important events worth celebrating by the emperor were the ascension of the throne, marriage and birthday of the emperor. Usually on this day, the emperor would immigrate the world and reward all officials, and celebrate the whole world and the government and the country are the same as the National Day today. Generally, grand banquets, singing, dancing, opera performances and other activities are held, which is also the originator of the "Spring Festival Gala".
Ancient China has undergone many dynasties and no historical records record detailed content about "National Day". In the eyes of ancient Chinese people, "National Day" is worth celebrating the prosperity of the country and the people. After the hard-working people, celebrations will be held on the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Winter Solstice, hoping for good weather and rain in the next year. Even the emperors living in the palace hold a spring plowing ceremony every spring to pray for peace and prosperity in the country.
The precedent for the National Day holiday began in , the 17th year of the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, and the officials regarded August 5 as the birthday of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and set this day as the "Qianqiu Festival" and changed it to "Tianchang Festival" in the seventh year of Tianbao. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ordered a national holiday for three days and held a banquet in the palace, inviting all ministers to drink and celebrate together. The entire palace was brightly lit.
On the Qianqiu Festival, women will paint various patterns on their faces to decorate before going out, with many patterns: the makeup content is mainly "slanted red, face face"; the lips are applied with "gold red, big red, and round inside". So the young girls at the streets and alleys were wearing bright clothes, and the scene was very eye-catching. At this time, Japan, a "hard fan" of the Tang Dynasty, also traveled across the ocean to bring the "Tianchang Festival" back to the country to celebrate Emperor Meiji's birthday.
The real National Day begins with The Republic of China
However, the "National Day" mentioned above is just a private festival of ancient emperors. The real participation of the whole people must start from the Republic of China. And what was the "National Day" during the Republic of China? Xu Guangping once said in his letter to Lu Xun: "The Double Ten Festival in the South is very lively. Every family sets off firecrackers, trade unions speak, promotes revolution, dances lions, beats gongs and drums, and it is everywhere." The so-called Double Ten Festival is the "National Day" Festival at that time, and was set to commemorate the Wuchang Uprising in the 1911 year.
From the letter, we can see that the "National Day" Festival in the south was still as lively as it is now, but the "National Day" Festival in the north was very different from it.
In the first ten years of the Republic of China before the Beiyang warlords were overthrown in 1927, the "National Day" Festival in the north was very deserted: on October 10 every year, from the Beiyang government to the people, almost no one cared too much about this day. Because of the separatist rule of the north and the south at that time, the south was harvested by the Kuomintang and the north was controlled by the Beiyang warlords, and the Beiyang warlords believed that the victory of the Wuchang Uprising had nothing to do with the Beiyang faction.
If the shops on the street would not have hung five-color flags on this day to commemorate it, it would be just like an ordinary weekend - one day off in the office and one day off in the school, it was completely different from the bustling south.
The warlords and internal and external troubles followed, and the social turmoil under the split country has made the people suffer and have no time to celebrate. It was not until the north and the south were unified that the "National Day" in the north finally received attention.
National Day Culture of Different Countries
1, China
1 December 2, 1949, the resolution passed by the Fourth Session of the Central People's Government Committee pointed out: "The Central People's Government Committee hereby declares that since 1950, the great day of the establishment of of the People's Republic of China will be National Day of the People's Republic of China." Every National Day, Tiananmen Square will hold a grand flag-raising ceremony to attract people from all over the country to watch. In addition, in the 1950s, and in 1985, 1999 and 2009, a large-scale military parade was held in front of Tiananmen Gate.
2, France
France took the day when the Paris people captured the Bastille Prison during the French Revolution on July 14 as the National Day. Every year on National Day, France holds a grand National Day military parade, and the fireworks are also very famous. People who celebrate often watch the spectacular scenes of various fireworks rising into the sky in the sound of the majestic music of the Marseille.
3, United States
The United States takes July 4th as the National Day. On this day of the year, church bells of all sizes across the United States are ringing, and residents from all over the country spontaneously hold celebration parades. After the parade, people gathered in parks or some other public places to celebrate the grand festival together in their favorite ways.
4, UK
According to historical practice, the birthday of the British King is the British National Day, and now the birthday of Elizabeth II is April 21. However, due to the poor climate in April in London, the second Saturday of June is set as the "Queen's Official Birthday". Because at this time of year, London, which has always been known as the "fog city", is also better. The Queen personally inspected the Royal Guard. Since Saturdays in the UK are not a working day, this day is not a holiday.
5, Russian
On June 12, 1990, the Russian Federation passed the Declaration of Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. A year later, the first presidential election of Russia was held. In 1994, the Declaration of Sovereignty Day was identified as a national festival, and in 1998 it obtained its current name - Russia Day. Russia Day can be regarded as the day when a new country is born and the starting point of democratic reform. In recent years, Russia Day has the characteristics of a national festival. That is, the number of official activities will be as few as possible, and the number of people's gatherings, square performances, sports competitions, music and entertainment activities will increase.
6, South Korea
South Korea is different from other countries, with 4 national day: March 1 commemorating the birth of the "Triath Movement" launched against the rule of Japanese imperialism; July 17 commemorating the "Constitution Festival" promulgated by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea in 1948; August 15 commemorating the "Kaitian Festival" in 1945 to commemorate the "Kaitian Festival" established by South Korea's government in 1948; October 3 commemorating the "Kaitian Festival" of the original nation-state "Danjun North Korea" in 2333 BC. Among them, the "Light Revenge Festival" on August 15 is the highest-ranking festival among the four National Days.
7, Singapore
Every August 9, Singapore will hold a National Day ceremony, and the whole country will be jubilant. There is also a National Day review ceremony, with fighter jets and skydiving performances. When the president reviewed the guard of honor, the 14 fighter jets will be arranged in five-star and crescent shapes, and the formation is like a five-star crescent moon on the national flag.
8, Vietnam
August 1945 " August Revolution " won, and the Japanese fascists were expelled from Vietnam. On September 2, the Vietnam League (later the Vietnam Communist Party ) led by Ho Chi Minh (later the Vietnamese Communist Party ) declared independence in Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh issued the Declaration of Independence, announcing the founding of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (i.e. "North Vietnam"). Therefore, this day is called Vietnam's National Day and is one of the important festivals in Vietnam. To celebrate the National Day, Vietnam held a series of domestic and foreign promotion activities. Vietnamese folk culture village, hosting tourism promotion activities. Thousands of residents of all ethnic groups in Dien Bien Province also held exciting activities such as stilt walking and blindfolding of ducks.
9, Norway
May 17 is Norway's National Day (also known as Constitution Day).During this grand festival, you will see thousands of people wearing ethnic costumes, batch after batch of passengers, from girls to old women, almost all strap-style floor-sweeping skirts, red, white, black and green, which are dazzling and in all shapes.
10, India
1929, the Congress, the oldest political party in India, passed a decision, stipulating that January 26, 1930 is the Independence Day. On August 15, 1947, after India officially declared independence, January 26 was officially designated as National Day. On January 26, 1950, India promulgated the Constitution of the Republic, and January 26 is of greater significance. On January 26, people gather from all over India to New Delhi, and put on lights and decorate the square in front of the Presidential Palace to hold a grand parade.
Cover News Hu Liping Comprehensive Beijing Youth Daily, Guangming Daily, etc.
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