Abstract: Green manure is a complete source of nutrients in biological fertilizer , which is a green plant body used as fertilizer. It must be applied reasonably to play a great role in improving the soil.
Green manure is one of the important traditional organic fertilizers. Planting green manure is a key measure to improve soil, cultivate soil fertility, and improve grain output and quality. It is also an effective way for farmers to increase their income and agricultural efficiency.
There are many types of green manure. According to different classification standards, it can be divided into the following types of green manure:
According to its source,
According to its source, it can be divided into cultivated green manure and wild green manure.
According to botany credits
, it can be divided into legume green manure and non-leume green manure according to botany.
1. Legumin green manure: Its roots have rhizobium , and rhizobium has the function of fixing nitrogen in the air, such as cymbidium japonica, sparse , peas, cowpea, etc.
2. Non-legacy green manure: refers to all plants without nodules and cannot fix nitrogen in the air, such as rapeseed, jujube, chrysanthemum, etc.
is divided into winter green manure and summer green manure according to planting season.
1. Winter green manure: refers to green manure harvested in autumn and winter, such as purple fuchsia, sweet potatoes, vegetables, broad beans, etc.;
2. Summer green manure: refers to green manure sowing in spring and summer, harvested in summer and autumn, such as field green, tart, bamboo beans, pig shit beans, etc.
is divided into
According to the usage method, it can be divided into rice fields green manure, wheat fields green manure, cotton fields green manure, cover green manure, fat vegetables use green manure, green manure with fertilizer, and fat feed use green manure with fertilizer and grain use green manure.
According to the length of growth, it can be divided into annual or annual green manure, perennial green manure and short-term green manure according to the length of growth.
1. Green manure born in annual or over-year: such as tart, bamboo beans, cowpea, sweet potatoes, etc.
2. Perennial green manure: such as edamame, dal, silver acacia, etc.
3. Short-term green manure: refers to green manure with a very short growth period, such as mung beans, soybeans, etc.
is divided into
according to the ecological environment, which can be divided into aquatic green manure, dry green manure and rice bottom green manure according to the ecological environment.
1. Aquatic green manure: such as water peanuts, water reeds, water floating lotus and green duckweed.
2. Drought-growing green manure: refers to all green manure cultivated in dry land.
3. Rice bottom green manure: refers to green manure planted before rice is harvested, such as rice bottom purple cypress, sweet potato, etc.
The ten major functions of green manure
Green manure can activate and absorb potassium, legume green manure can also fix nitrogen, and green manure growth can also produce a large amount of organisms and enter farmland, so it can provide a large amount of nutrients and effectively increase crop yield. Decades ago, China basically had no chemical fertilizer industry, and it also supported hundreds of millions of people. The fertilization mainly relied on green manure and farm fertilizer.
2. It is an important measure to use land reasonably to maintain land. No matter how you use fertilizers in conjunction, they are combined between some limited elements, making it difficult to solve all the needs of crops, especially for the needs of comprehensive soil fertility. Green manure can make up for these shortcomings. Developing green manure on available idle land is of great significance to China with few land and many people. Green manure can provide a large amount of organic matter for arable soil, improve the properties of soil microorganisms, and thus improve soil quality well.
3. Can promote the production of high-quality agricultural products.
Green manure can reduce investment in petrochemical products, cultivate soil fertilization, and thus improve crop yield and quality. In some planting modes, inserting green manure can also greatly reduce the use of pesticides. Not only that, green manure is the cleanest source of organic fertilizer, without residual threats such as heavy metals, antibiotics, hormones, etc., which fully meets the modern society's demand for agricultural product quality.
4. It is an important measure for crop rotation.
Inserting a crop of green manure in the continuous crop system can greatly reduce the continuous crop obstacles of some crops and reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests. Especially in areas with long-term planting of some crops or severe continuous cropping disorders, inserting green manure is very effective. For example, inserting green manure in tobacco production areas can significantly alleviate diseases such as tobacco black tibia.
5. It can prevent soil erosion and improve the ecological environment.
Green manure crops are mostly planted in free seasons and free land, which can effectively reduce the area of exposed land, significantly reduce soil erosion in planting areas, and improve the ecological environment. In North China, exposed land in winter has been quite common in recent years, and the effect of developing green manure in the first season is very obvious. Green manure in this area can be sown in autumn, dormant in winter, and green in spring. It can not only utilize about 6 months of land resources, but also about 4 months of solar and hot water resources, which can effectively improve the ecological environment.
6. It can provide a large amount of forage.
Green fertilizer fresh grass and hay are high-quality forage raw materials, which can solve a large number of green feed sources, replace feed grains, and further ensure food security. Especially in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, such as the northwest region, the southwest plateau, etc., green malt can be mostly used in the form of returning to the field to further exert the comprehensive value of green malt.
7. It can improve the water environment and reduce pollution.
Planting and utilizing green fertilizer crops can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and cultivate the soil fertilization, which can improve the utilization rate of fertilizers and reduce the entry of fertilizer into the water. Planting and utilizing 225 million mu of green manure, it is estimated that the nitrogen flowing into the water can be reduced by 675,000 tons of urea , which is 8.7 times the nitrogen flowing into the waters of Taihu every year.
8. It has significant energy-saving and consumption-reducing effects.
.2 billion mu of green manure has an annual nutrient production capacity of 5 million tons of urea and 4.1 million tons of potassium sulfate . Fixed nitrogen fertilizer can consume 7.5 million tons of coal less and save 5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity. In addition, there are very few potassium ores in my country, and the absorption of fixed potassium equivalent to 4.1 million tons of potassium sulfate is of great significance.
9. Can fix a large amount of carbon dioxide .
Green fertilizer contains a large amount of carbon. The development of green fertilizer is of great significance to my country's environmental protection and the implementation of international conventions such as carbon dioxide emission reduction. It is estimated that 225 million mu of green manure can fix 113 million tons of carbon dioxide and release 97 million tons of oxygen at the same time. my country's total greenhouse gas emissions per year are 6.1 billion tons (in 2004), and the carbon reduction effect of green manure can account for about 1.8% of the national carbon emissions.
10. It has direct economic benefits.
can save fertilizer by using green manure and have significant economic benefits. Taking Ziyunying as an example, 1hm2 green fertilizer can fix nitrogen (N) 153kg, and activate and absorb potassium (K2O) 126kg, with considerable economic value. Most of the green manures used at present are very good sources of forage and vegetables, and their value is also considerable. In North China, research by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences shows that in winter, a season of green manure orchids can be planted, and 300 to 500kg of fresh vegetables can be harvested per mu in spring. This fresh vegetables are made of pure natural products without any pesticides. It has high nutritional and economic value and a good taste.
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