Wing1990hk Penghu Islands Northern and Central
About the history of Taiwan, the first thing that comes to mind is Zheng Chenggong's recovery of Taiwan. But few people probably understand the history of Taiwan before Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan.
Today I will introduce the earliest and most famous ancient city in Taiwan - Relan Chacheng (now Anping District, Tainan City, Taiwan). Through the city of Jelan Cha, you can basically understand the history of Taiwan.
1604 (the 32nd year of Wanli), Haicheng people Li Jin, Pan Xiu, Guo Zhen and the Dutch suggested that a large amount of money bribe tax after seizing Penghu, and Gao Cai agreed to a plan to conduct overseas trade in Zhangzhou . Li Jin forged three letters from the King of Dani Kingdom, and gave tax envoys Gao Cai, military preparation deputy envoys, and guards respectively. The guard Tao Gongsheng was very surprised after receiving the letter, so he reported to his superiors and arrested Pan Xiu. Li Jin pretended to be arrested and fled back, and was also arrested.
In July of that year, the Dutch could not wait for Pan Xiu and others to reply, so they attacked Penghu with two ships. At that time, the Ming Dynasty soldiers on Penghu were evacuated during the flood season and there was no one on the island. So the Dutch built buildings in Penghu. After hearing this, Fujian officials sent Li Jin, Pan Xiu and Guo Zhen to the Dutch in Penghu to convey the orders to leave. However, Li Jin and three others did not say the order that Fujian officials asked the Dutch to leave, but said: "My country is still undecided" - there is no decision on the above. Fujian officials sent Zhan Yuzhong to express his request again, but Zhan Yuzhong kept silent after receiving the Dutch money.
Fujian coastal merchants are doing business with the Dutch. The tax instructor Gao Cai secretly sent his confidant Zhou Zhifan to ask the Dutch to give 30,000 taels of gold, so he agreed to the Dutch's trade request. Later, because the Fujian governor ordered a maritime ban and people in the country were not allowed to go to sea, the Dutch had no food supplies and had to leave Penghu.
Himasaram made Dutch East India Company Flag
1622, after the attack on Macau, the East India Company once again occupied Penghu as a base for trade in East Asia. Fujian Governor Shang Zhou Zuo and Dutch Fleet Commander Cornelis Rijersz Schonhoffman agreed that as long as the Dutch removed Penghu, they would be allowed to trade with Taiwan (i.e., trade with each other). As a result, the request for the Dutch to trade with each other was rejected by the Ming Dynasty. The Dutch reoccupies Penghu and attacks Xiamen .
1623, the Dutch East India Company built a brief castle in Taimai (Taijiang Inland Sea, Anping District, Tainan City, transformed from the name of the Siraya Bay Society in Taiwan). In the same year, Shang and Zhou dynasties were withdrawn, and Nan Juyi served as the governor of Fujian, and decided to go to war with the Dutch.
1624 In February, Nan Juyi personally went to Kinmen and fought against eleven Dutch ships with 10,000 soldiers and 200 ships (the troops were unknown, but the maximum troops were about 1,000, because when Zheng Chenggong attacked Taiwan, the number of Dutch people in Taiwan was only 1,500.)). After seven months of fierce fighting, he finally defeated the Dutch in September, capturing only 12 people including Gao Wenlu (Kobenloet) who refused to leave, and regaining Penghu.
or above is "History of Ming Dynasty" "Helan" records. However, according to the study of academicians of the Central Academy of Taiwan, Du Zhengsheng and Cao Yonghe: "Although the Ming Dynasty implemented a maritime ban, Taiwan was not only ignored, and it was not even under the jurisdiction of any country. Therefore, the smuggling ships were in Keelung, and Anping and Tamsui met the merchant ships of the Ming Dynasty, Japan and Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands as early as the time of the time. ... According to Dutch historical materials, Lyerson, the commander of the East India Company, went to Fuzhou to negotiate in 1622. In order to persuade them to withdraw from Penghu, the Ming Dynasty officials suggested that they go east of Penghu, an island that did not belong to the Ming Dynasty, that is, Taiwan, indirectly agreed to the Ming Dynasty ships to the Grand Secretary (now Anping) to trade with them. ... At that time, the Ming Dynasty officials said to Lyerson: "You don't know how the Grand Secretary goes, we send a ship to take you there." This historical material shows that the Fujian officials of the Ming Dynasty knew about Taiwan, but did not regard Taiwan as their territory.In the same era, historical records of the Ming Dynasty recorded that officials used both soft and hard work and asked the maritime merchant Li Dan to coordinate. Song Ke, the new leader of the Netherlands, demolished the building materials of Penghu Castle in 1624, took the merchant ship of the Relan Cham City to the senior official ashore. Song Ke also became the first chief of the Netherlands to establish the Taiwan regime, and he also established the Relan Cham City in the senior official. "
"History of Ming Dynasty" records that the Ming Dynasty recovered Penghu after 8 months of war. However, Du Zhengsheng and Cao Yonghe's research believes that the Ming army was not able to recover Penghu. Instead, after the negotiations between the two sides, Li Dan was in the middle to mediate, and the Dutch left Penghu.
"History of Ming Dynasty" records two negotiations: "Two envoys sent to seek delaying the army", and the results of the negotiations between the two sides, "approved it, and then set sail. "The 12 people who were arrested in the end were those who refused to leave Penghu. "The 12 people including the Duqu coach Gao Wenlu defended themselves based on the tall buildings, and the generals captured them and offered them to the court. "
Therefore, Nanjuyi's recovery of Penghu was achieved after negotiations with the Dutch. As for the conditions, it should be similar to the conditions that the Shang and Zhou dynasties agreed to the Dutch in 1622 - allowing the Netherlands to occupy Taiwan.
1624, the Dutch took the Jelanzha merchant ship from Penghu to Taiwan and built Jelanzha as a trade base for the Netherlands in East Asia. At that time, Taiwan had three indigenous kingdoms: the Big Belly Kingdom (occupies central Taiwan), the Majia Kingdom and the Big Guiwen Kingdom. Shortly after the Dutch settled in southern Taiwan, Spain began to be in Taiwan in 1626. Settled in the north of the bay.
see the figure below
The separatist map of the Netherlands and Spain made by Yudi
The original name of the city of Geranzha was Orange, or Orange. It was only changed to its current name in 1627: Zeelandia
1661, Zheng Chenggong used a superior force of 25,000 troops to fight against the Dutch army with a total of 2,200 troops (1,100 people in Geranzha, 400 people in Prominzha, Batavia reinforcements 700 people. Losses between the two sides: 9,000 Zheng Chenggong's army was killed, and 1,600 Dutch troops died of illness (there are also some sayings are that only 632 Dutch troops were killed). War time: From March 30, 1661 to February 1, 1662, lasting for almost a year. Among them, Geng Jimao, the King of Jingnan of the Qing Dynasty, proposed to Kuiyi, the then Dutch Taiwan chief Kuiyi, to jointly defeat Zheng Chenggong's army on the coast of Fujian, but the plan later ended in failure. Although the Netherlands also tried to defeat Zheng Chenggong with the Qing Dynasty alliance to seize Taiwan, the Dutch rule in Taiwan ended for 38 years.
After Zheng Chenggong established the first Han regime in Taiwan's history, he changed the city of Relan Cham to Anping Town because he missed his hometown. Later, because Zheng Chenggong lived in Relan Cham for three generations, he also had the title of royal city.
1683, Kangxi pacified Taiwan, Relan Cham was changed to the military uniform bureau, no longer becoming the main stronghold, and began to be abandoned.
1868, after the Qing Dynasty changed Taiwan camphor from the previous free purchase to the official office, he ordered the British commander in Hong Kong, Sir. Halley Keppel sent two warships to Taiwan to fight dogs (i.e. Kaohsiung), and later turned to bombard Anping Port. During the bombardment of British ships, the city of Jelanzha, which was an arsenal, was hit, causing an explosion and became ruins.
1874, due to the incident of Japanese troops attacking the Mudan Society of Taiwan, Shen Baozhen , which was dealt with, took away the bricks of the outer city of Jelanzha and used to build the Jincheng of Yizai.
After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Taiwan was ceded to Japan. The ruins of Japanese in Jelanzha On top, flatten the city walls and build a Japanese customs dormitory.
The current ruins of the Relandzha City, there are basically no traces of architectural traces from the Dutch period, only the ancient well of the southern wall and the southern wall of the outer city (i.e. the glutinous rice wall).
Relandzha City, built by the Dutch in 1624, has gone through different periods such as the Netherlands, the Ming and Zheng, the Qing dynasty, Japan, the Republic of China, and it can be said to be half of Taiwan's history.
Relandzha City model restored by Relandzha City
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